This workshop is focused on developing several different Ideation approaches for problem investigating and concept creation:Why-why diagramsBrainstormingMash-upsAffinity diagramsIncluded are two introduction videos for review by students online in advance, a pre-workshop exercise and a slide deck with facilitator notes for running a face-to-face workshop.

Explore landscape architecture construction materials, methods, and implementation practices through an interactive and simulated environment. Launch the link to view the desktop version or use a virtual reality device. The user can select a particular construction element to view real-life construction videos, 2D construction drawings, and construction phases through 3D representations. Be sure and notice the stormwater drainage animation located at the center of the courtyard with realistic sounds of rain and thunder. Videos and 2D construction drawings combined with the VR environment will allow users to get a realistic experience without physically being at a specific site.

Preliminary Research Exhibition

Short Description:
This exhibition presents the preliminary major research project ideas of OCAD University’s Inclusive Design 2019/2021 cohort. These projects explore a spectrum of themes, ranging from healthcare, to sensory experiences, to storytelling and services for cultural communities, to neurodiversity, and finally, to design practices and processes themselves.

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This guide is intended to support you in adapting the State of Innovation’s “Our Communities after COVID-19” Challenge case into a lesson plan to implement with your students. It includes background information on the case, problem solving questions for students to work on, and suggested activities to use with your students. It also explains how you can get support during the Challenge, including helping your students connect with industry leaders throughout the Challenge.

Databases are all over the place and we interact with them in various ways. Consider the banking services, supermarkets, mobile operators, airline reservation systems, medical records, student records and even employment records. This course will provide students with a general overview of databases, introducing you to database history, modern database systems, the different models used to design a database, and Structured Query Language (SQL), which is the standard language used to access and manipulate databases. The course is taught as a Topic within the Computer Science degree.

Databases are all over the place and we interact with them in various ways. Consider the banking services, supermarkets, mobile operators, airline reservation systems, medical records, student records and even employment records. This course will provide students with a general overview of databases, introducing you to database history, modern database systems, the different models used to design a database, and Structured Query Language (SQL), which is the standard language used to access and manipulate databases. The course is taught as a Topic within the Computer Science degree.

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This course provides a foundation to the design of the environment from the scale of the object, to the building to the larger territory. The design disciplines of architecture as well as urbanism and landscape are examined in context of the larger influence of the arts and sciences. Students are expected to develop skills in thinking and analysis, spatial representation, and design methodologies. Through lectures and design exercises, students are provided an opportunity to establish a reference for understanding the discipline of architecture and environmental design, and are given an introduction to design fundamentals and the design process.

The course aims at providing a fundamental understanding of the physics related to buildings and to propose an overview of the various issues that have to be adequately combined to offer the occupants a physical, functional and psychological well-being. Students will be guided through the different components, constraints and systems of a work of architecture. These will be examined both independently and in the manner in which they interact and affect one another.

This course will introduce students to architectural design and computation through the use of computer modeling, rendering and digital fabrication. The course focuses on teaching architectural design with CAD drawing, 3-D modeling, rendering and rapid prototyping. Students will be required to build computer models that will lead to a full package of architectural explorations with computers. Each semester we will explore the design process of a particular building type and building material.
The course also investigates a few design processes of selected architects. The course is critical of design principles and building production methods. Student assignments are graded based on the quality of design, representation and constructability. Great design input is always encouraged.

Why do affluent, liberal, and design-rich cities like Minneapolis have some of the biggest racial disparities in the country? How can designers help to create more equitable communities? Introduction to Design Equity, an open access book for students and professionals, maps design processes and products against equity research to highlight the pitfalls and potentials of design as a tool for building social justice.

The AutoCAD 2D eBook was written as a tool to guide and teach you to master AutoCAD. No two students learn at the same pace, therefore the eBook was written with competency-based modules. The competency-based modules are bite-size pieces that allow you to work at your own pace. They can be used to learn by distance education, correspondence, online, instructor-lead classes, or by individuals teaching themselves to use AutoCAD in their own home or office.

During this course, we will be exploring basic questions of architecture through several short design exercises. Working with many different media, students will discover the interrelationship of architecture and its related disciplines, such as structures, sustainability, architectural history and the visual arts. Each problem will focus on one of these disciplines and one exploration and presentation technique.

This class introduces fundamental issues in sculpture such as site, context, process, psychology and aesthetics of the object, and the object's relation to the body. During the semester Introduction to Sculpture will explore issues of interpretation and audience interaction. As a significant component to this class introductions to a variety of materials and techniques both traditional (wood, metal, plaster) as well as non-traditional (fabric, latex, found objects, rubber, etc.) will be emphasized.

This course examines the evolving structure of cities and the way that cities, suburbs, and metropolitan areas can be designed and developed. Boston and other American cities are studied to see how physical, social, political and economic forces interact to shape and reshape cities over time.

This course is a global-oriented survey of the history of architecture, from the prehistoric to the sixteenth century. It treats buildings and environments, including cities, in the context of the cultural and civilizational history. It offers an introduction to design principles and analysis. Being global, it aims to give the student perspective on the larger pushes and pulls that influence architecture and its meanings, whether these be economic, political, religious or climatic.

Short Description:
Het boek Academische Vaardigheden voor Bouwkundigen geeft een verdiepend beeld van bouwkunde als wetenschappelijke discipline, gaat expliciet in op de relatie tussen ontwerp en onderzoek en richt zich met name op praktische vaardigheden die bouwkunde studenten ontwikkelen gedurende hun bachelor opleiding in Delft. Het boek is opgebouwd uit vier delen. Deel A richt zich op de plaats van bouwkunde binnen de wetenschap. DeelB richt zich op basisvaardigheden: algemene academische vaardigheden voor bouwkundigen. Deel C diept specifieke bouwkundige methoden vanonderzoek uit. Deel D, het laatste deel is enerzijds gericht op de praktijk enanderzijds op reflectie. Door deze brede opzet kan het boek niet alleen direct gebruikt worden door studenten en docenten in de leerlijn Academische Vaardigheden, maarjuist ook in de andere leerlijnen en modulen. Tevens is het boek een naslagwerk voor andere Bouwkunde en Architectuur opleidingen in binnen- en buitenland dat inzicht geeft hoe wij binnen de faculteit Bouwkunde van de TU Delft aankijken tegen het vakgebied en welke academische vaardigheden op bachelor niveau daar bij horen.

Word Count: 102957

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The LRMI specification is a collection of classes and properties for markup and description of educational resources. The specification builds on the extensive vocabulary provided by Schema.org and other standards. LRMI terms not included in schema.org may nevertheless be used to augment and enrich Schema.org markup.

Lesson plan and activities on the monument of the Alhambra in Granada, Spain.

54 Laws Underlying Settlements Across Scale and Culture

Short Description:
Laws of Settlement revives, updates and refreshes the ’54 Laws of Settlements’ outlined in Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis’ seminal book Ekistics: An Introduction to the Science of Human Settlements, making them relevant to the problems we face in the 21st century.

Long Description:
Are there fundamental laws that govern all settlements—from the smallest village to the largest cities? The Laws of Settlements ambitiously describes the principles underlying human settlements of all sizes and across all cultures. It revives, updates and refreshes the ’54 Laws of Settlements’ outlined in Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis’ seminal book Ekistics: An Introduction to the Science of Human Settlements, making them relevant to the problems we face in the 21st century.

Word Count: 29957

ISBN: 978-1-989864-03-6

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54 Laws Underlying Settlements Across Scale and Culture

Short Description:
Laws of Settlement revives, updates and refreshes the ’54 Laws of Settlements’ outlined in Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis’ seminal book Ekistics: An Introduction to the Science of Human Settlements, making them relevant to the problems we face in the 21st century.

Long Description:
Are there fundamental laws that govern all settlements—from the smallest village to the largest cities? The Laws of Settlements ambitiously describes the principles underlying human settlements of all sizes and across all cultures. It revives, updates and refreshes the ’54 Laws of Settlements’ outlined in Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis’ seminal book Ekistics: An Introduction to the Science of Human Settlements, making them relevant to the problems we face in the 21st century.

Word Count: 29856

ISBN: 978-1-989864-03-6

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Short Description:
Innovation today considers the economic, environmental, and/or social sustainability of an innovative initiative from its inception or idea generation through to its commercialization or implementation. This concept applies to many types of innovation such as products, processes, services, technologies, and business models. Companies use innovation as a means to gain a competitive advantage and bring value to business stakeholders. This book introduces business innovation, from incremental innovation such as enhancing the performance of an existing product, service, or process, to radical or disruptive innovation such as one that has a significant impact on a market. The content examines how leaders foster a culture of innovation, how companies turn creativity into innovation, and how innovation transforms not only organizations but economies as well.

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Runway extension, construction of works in protected areas, subsidizing sustainable projects... they all happen within a design space, limited amongst others by legal rules and requirements. To make optimal use of the design space, you have to know about these rules and requirements. When does a contract have to be tendered out, what rules are then applicable, what can be subsidized and what are the restrictions, how to comply with air quality requirements and can a frog really block a project? What alternative designs can be given in order to avoid legal problems? These and other problems will be addressed in this course.

Lecture slides developed to accompany ARTID 569A: Inclusive Environments, an Interior Design course offered at Iowa State University. These slides cover the history of disability rights in the United States, design standards, and more. Questions are included within the slides for assessment.

This is a textbook meant for use within The Living Arts (FINE 101) -- Chapters include introductions to Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Theatre, Music, and Dance.

Course Description: An interdisciplinary survey of human creative efforts as they relate to each other. The visual and performing arts are compared with similarities stressed.

Do you have a passion for buildings and want to contribute to a sustainable environment? Then this is your chance to make a difference! The biggest sustainability challenge for cities worldwide is adapting existing obsolescent buildings and making them future-proof. In this course, you will learn about adapting buildings for sustainability.

This course first introduces you to the challenging management task of redeveloping buildings for future use. Then you will learn how different management tools can be used to convert old buildings for sustainable reuse.

Prior experience with studies or jobs related to the built environment is not essential for this course, but will be a great advantage.

This MOOC is especially relevant for students who are interested in Real Estate, Project Management, Urban Planning, Architecture, Construction, Engineering, and Sustainability.

The course is taught by a multi-disciplinary team of instructors and professors with relevant practical and theoretical experience. You can use the practical knowledge you obtain during this course to tackle many challenges related to the built environment.

Estos videos fueron creados para mi clase de Mastercam en Linn Benton Community College. Se usan en tres términos en un formato de "aula invertida". Los estudiantes siguen los tutoriales en casa y luego completan una parte similar durante el laboratorio, que utiliza las habilidades y los conocimientos enseñados en los tutoriales. Los videos se enumeran aproximadamente en el orden en que se presentan en la clase. Se incluyen enlaces a los archivos utilizados en los tutoriales ya las secciones dentro del tutorial debajo de cada video.

These videos are created for my Mastercam class at Linn Benton Community College. They are used over three terms in a “flipped classroom” format. Students follow along with the tutorials at home and then complete a similar part during the lab, which utilizes the skills and knowledge taught in the tutorials. The videos are listed in approximately the order that they are presented in the class. Links are included to the files used in the tutorials and to sections within the tutorial below each video.

Physical and digital design skills are key to practitioners in art, design, and engineering, as well as many other creative professions. Models are essential in architecture. In design practice all kinds of physical scale models and digital models are used side by side.

In this architecture course, you will gain experience that will help and inspire you to advance in your personal and professional development. You will attain skills in a practical way. First, we will focus on sketch models for the early stages of a design process, then we will continue with virtual representations for design communication and finally more precise and detailed models will be used for further development of the ideas.

In the theoretical part of the course, you will learn about many different sorts of models: how architects use these and how they are essential in the design process.

The practical part of the course addresses a number of challenges. In small steps we will guide you through technical and creative difficulties in exciting, playful, and pleasant ways.

This course studies how international modernism interacted with the concept of "nation" and how contemporary discourses concerning globalism changes that dynamic. This course also looks at how art uses and critiques globalization on various levels.

How can ecosystems contribute to quality of life and a more livable, healthier and more resilient urban environment?

Have you ever considered all the different benefits the ecosystem could potentially deliver to you and your surroundings? Unsustainable urbanization has resulted in the loss of biodiversity, the destruction of habitats and has therefore limited the ability of ecosystems to deliver the advantages they could confer.

This course establishes the priorities and highlights the direct values of including principles based on natural processes in urban planning and design. Take a sewage system or a public space for example. By integrating nature-based solutions they can deliver the exact same performance while also being beneficial for the environment, society and economy.

Increased connectivity between existing, modified and new ecosystems and restoring and rehabilitating them within cities through nature-based solutions provides greater resilience and the capacity to adapt more swiftly to cope with the effects of climate change and other global shifts.

This course will teach you about the design, construction, implementation and monitoring of nature-based solutions for urban ecosystems and the ecological coherence of sustainable cities. Constructing smart cities and metropolitan regions with nature-based ecosystems will secure a fair distribution of benefits from the renewed urban ecology.

This course forms a part of the educational programme of the AMS Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions and will present the state-of-the-art theories and methods developed by the Delft University of Technology and Wageningen University & Research, two of the founding universities of the AMS Institute.

Instructors, with advanced expertise in Urban Ecology, Environmental Engineering, Urban Planning and Design, will equip designers and planners with the skills they need for the sustainable management of the built environment. The course will also benefit stakeholders from both private and public sectors who want to explore the multiple benefits of restored ecosystems in cities and metropolitan regions. They will gain the knowledge and skills required to make better informed and integrated decisions on city development and urban regeneration schemes.

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Today I will demonstrate how to draw Gasket A, step-by-step. To begin, below is a Finished Drawing of Gasket A.  Instructions for the assignment: Begin a New Drawing in AutoCAD, Set Limits to 0,0 and 8,6.  Set Snap and Grid values appropriately. Units are Decimal inches with a precision of 0.00”.  We will create the gasket above.  Draw only the gasket shape, do not add dimensions or centerlines. (HINT: Locate and draw the four 0.5” diameter Circles, then create the concentric 0.5” radius arcs as full Circles then Trim. Make use of the Object Snaps and Trim whenever applicable.) Save the drawing using the filename GASKET A. Click to begin the video. 

OER Fundamentals are invited to remix this course planning template to design and share their OER project plans, course information and syllabus, and reflection.

OER Fundamentals are invited to remix this course planning template to design and share their OER project plans, course information and syllabus, and reflection.

What is a city? What shapes it? How does its history influence future development? How do physical form and institutions vary from city to city and how are these differences significant? How are cities changing and what is their future? This course will explore these and other questions, with emphasis upon twentieth-century American cities. A major focus will be on the physical form of cities—from downtown and inner-city to suburb and edge city—and the processes that shape them.

These questions and more are explored through lectures, readings, workshops, field trips, and analysis of particular places, with the city itself as a primary text. In light of the 2016 centennial of MIT’s move from Boston to Cambridge, the 2015 iteration of the course focused on MIT’s original campus in Boston’s Back Bay, and the university’s current neighborhood in Cambridge. Short field assignments, culminating in a final project, will provide students opportunities to use, develop, and refine new skills in “reading” the city.

Class website: The Once & Future City
What is a city? What shapes it? How does its history influence future development? How do physical form and institutions vary from city to city and how are these differences significant? How are cities changing and what is their future? This course will explore these and other questions, with emphasis upon twentieth-century American cities. A major focus will be on the physical form of cities—from downtown and inner-city to suburb and edge city—and the processes that shape them.
These questions and more are explored through lectures, readings, workshops, field trips, and analysis of particular places, with the city itself as a primary text. In light of the 2016 centennial of MIT's move from Boston to Cambridge, the 2015 iteration of the course focused on MIT's original campus in Boston's Back Bay, and the university's current neighborhood in Cambridge. Short field assignments, culminating in a final project, will provide students opportunities to use, develop, and refine new skills in "reading" the city.

This Open Educational Resources site will complement textbooks and lectures with obvious information gaps. An extension of regular learning content. For example, you can accompany the text with multimedia materials such as videos. By presenting information in multiple formats, students can more easily learn the material being taught.

A curated compilation of essays, suggested readings, and author writings.

Short Description:
Cover image by: Jen Hamilton - jenhamilton.ca

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Purpose and audience. The Pathways to Impact lesson is designed for participants who want to have greater impact on a societal issue than they currently do but who aren’t sure how. The lesson helps participants discover directions (“pathways”) they might wish to pursue and identify small next steps to take in two or three of those directions.

Although this lesson was first created in a course for young alumni, the materials are applicable to many audiences. We encourage you to adapt and use the following lesson plan as you see fit; and please don’t hesitate to reach out to us for support.

Structure at a glance. In the first part of this activity, participants will identify a pressing societal issue that they wish to address. They will next be introduced to seven broad ways to have impact (the “pathways”) and asked to brainstorm several ways to have impact within each of the pathways.

In the second part of this activity, participants will select two or three ideas to which they feel most drawn. Next, in small groups, they will help each other identify the “smallest next step” that they might take towards each. Lastly, they will commit to taking two or three of these actions within the next week.

This is an introductory project that addresses identifying the Elements of Art and Principles of Composition in immediate surroundings and provides these terms a real-time life application. The project is interactive and exploratory, requiring individual observation of a students' physical world. This project can be modified to include more images, changes in grid template and combined to include both Elements and Principles together; incluiding identifying other terms in art such as mediums. The project can be used in an online formatted course or a face to face environment. Including Art Appreciation, Art Orientation, Two-Dimensional Design and Three-Dimensional Design studio courses. 

A Guide to Using Commemorative Memorials and Monuments in the Classroom

Short Description:
This open textbook will guide educators and students through the process of using local monuments and memorials to contextualise, interrogate and extend their knowledge of historical events at a national and international level. Students will learn how to use local history to create an organic patchwork of local stories, interviews, photographs and artefacts contributed by, and for, the community and contextualised nationally and internationally. Through this process they will assume the role of historians rather than passive consumers of dominant ideologies and understand how historical events have shaped diverse views, including their own, of issues such as social justice, democracy, human rights and citizenship.

Long Description:
This open textbook will guide educators and students through the process of using local monuments and memorials to contextualise, interrogate and extend their knowledge of historical events at a national and international level.

Students will learn how to use local history to create an organic patchwork of local stories, interviews, photographs and artefacts contributed by, and for, the community and contextualised nationally and internationally. Through this process they will assume the role of historians rather than passive consumers of dominant ideologies and understand how historical events have shaped diverse views, including their own, of issues such as social justice, democracy, human rights and citizenship.

Word Count: 27118

ISBN: 978-0-6487698-9-7

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Preguntas de historia oral, adaptado del inglés hecho por University of North Carolina Library: Archivist in a Backpack oral-history question cards.

Preguntas de historia oral, adaptado del inglés hecho por University of North Carolina Library: Archivist in a Backpack oral-history question cards.

Short Description:
Redesigning Lives: Learning How Space Impacts Residents in Affordable Supportive Housing Initiatives is a research project funded through a SSHRC Explore Grant. This research was a collaborative venture between the Faculty of Applied Science and Technology and the Faculty of Applied Health and Community Studies at Sheridan College. The goal of this research was to look at the impact that design can make to mental health and wellbeing and community-building through the lens of affordable and supportive housing. Bringing together the strengths of the two disciplines, this research looked at physical design and how it intersects with social determinants of health (SDOH).

Long Description:
Within the literature on Social Determinants of Health, there is a consensus that stable housing plays an important role in good mental health. However, there have been very few substantive studies on the impacts of design in that process (Hernadez & Suglia, 2016). From of architectural and design perspectives, there has been a long-standing interest in creating thoughtfully-designed affordable living spaces that address both the individual and community. Many such large-scale attempts have failed, for a number of reasons including their neglect of local scale, their inherent maintenance challenges, and most significantly, the stigmatization of both people and places that they create (Dunn, 2012). In addition to this, these 1960s ideological panaceas have more recently caused large-scale displacement of individuals and discontinuity of community through their drastic revitalization and reconfiguration into mixed-income neighbourhoods. One such example is Regent Park in Toronto which has seen a complete demolition and redesign into socially-mixed housing over the past several years. While the reintroduction of services such as grocery stores and shops, and infrastructure such as community centres and schools bring with them many positives, the path to get there is fraught with discontinuity for many. Of further detriment to stable housing conditions, it is significant to note that when attempts are not made to socially mixed redevelopments, low-income residents are fully displaced, along with their previous residences, to make way for high-priced condos which provide high-yield results for developers (Chong, 2018).

This investigation looks at developments that are local, community-based adaptive reuse projects that addresses issues of social and affordable housing for approximately 600 residents on a manageable scale. Based in Hamilton, Ontario, they are led by a community partner who “creates affordable housing communities that support people seeking health, wellness and belonging,” (Indwell, 2020) and is mindful of the social determinants of health. This partner is, as well, mindful of the impact that buildings and their construction have on the environment.

Indwell is an independent Hamilton-based Christian charity that has evolved from renting and purchasing buildings for their tenants, to designing and constructing their own since 1970. For the last ten years, Indwell has become a trailblazer in creating affordable supportive housing that reflects the community in which it is situated. In partnership with Hamilton’s Invizij Architects, their housing developments in the Hamilton-Wentworth Region, are also formidable for their emphasis on sustainable building science and construction technology. It is this intersection between sustainability and community-minded health and wellness that makes them unique within the framework of supportive housing. Locations that had been abandoned to all but the desperate are infused with new life using principles of design that incorporate both cutting edge environmental design principles (i.e. Passive House[1] principles) and an intent towards community-building. Indwell has repurposed these discarded buildings and returned them to the community, transforming both the landscape and community morale. These developments are built to provide either affordable, or affordable and supportive housing options depending on the needs of their occupants. They have been purposeful in thinking about the design of their buildings, partnering with Invizij Architects who have a commitment to leading environmental design (Cubitt & Cubitt, 2018) and have worked with Indwell to create community space both inside and outside the restored properties. The team has been steadfast in their thinking when it comes to the needs of residents who struggle with addictions, mental health or other poverty-related issues. With their collective effort to refine and create durable spaces that address the dignity of the individual and the making of community, they are essentially redefining the housing typology for this demographic, keeping at the forefront the tenet that adequate housing contributes directly to mental health and wellbeing, thus creating the potential for transformed lives and communities (CMHA, n.d.).

Globally, there are very few housing projects or development models that are similar to what Indwell and Invzij Architects delivers. No one has examined or reviewed the short-term and longer term impacts that this kind of project can have on communities and residents, especially with regard to the synergies created between socially responsible design and environmentally-committed building science. With this in mind, the purpose of this short-term study is to identify and interview the key players in order to better understand their method of development and project execution. It is clear that the team works with intention and outlining their specific objectives enables us to lay the groundwork for a more in-depth study on the correlation between sustainable design approaches and better health outcomes that are not only physical, but also related to social determinants of health.

[1] Passive House (German: Passivhaus) is a rigorous, voluntary standard for energy efficiency in a building, which reduces the building’s ecological footprint. These super-insulated buildings consume up to 90 percent less heating and cooling energy than conventional buildings, even in northern climates. The name Passive House can lead designers to think that it is only applicable to homes, yet it is applicable to most designs, whether commercial, institutional, or otherwise. See www.passivehousecanada.com/about-passive-house/ for more information.

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Context, purpose and audience. There are two broad types of assumptions that designers must identify and address: the first type are assumptions they, as designers, have as they begin a project; the second type are assumptions that are ambient in the project context–assumptions that many of the project stakeholders either hold or frequently experience. In both cases, naming the assumption and developing an articulation for how that assumption can be reconsidered can help direct a project toward greater impact.

This lesson is designed to help participants reframe these two types of assumptions. It can be used with design students from high school to continuing (adult) education. It is best delivered towards the end of the initial phase of design research (“Empathize” phase, to use the parlance of Stanford), after students have conducted interviews and other forms of research.

The lesson offers five reframe patterns. These are meant to help students identify particularly powerful articulations of reframed assumptions by providing five different jumping-off points for ideation. The patterns are best introduced and used lightly: as provocations rather than as a formula to rigidly follow.

We illustrate these reframe patterns using examples from disability studies. Thus, this lesson also serves as a “trojan horse” to infuse core design justice concepts.

This course introduces the history of Islamic cultures through their most vibrant material signs: the religious architecture that spans fourteen centuries and three continents — Asia, Africa, and Europe. The course presents Islamic architecture both as a historical tradition and as a cultural catalyst that influenced and was influenced by the civilizations with which it came in contact.

Presentación del video "Todo es un remix" como actividad inicial para trabajar el concepto de remix.

You’ll learn about today’s urban challenges focusing on developing countries, referred to as the global south. We will debate the benefits of three pathways, going beyond traditional urban strategies and policies:

1. Spatial justice

Spatial justice is undoubtedly one of the greatest challenges of urban contexts in emerging economies.

2. Housing Provision and Management

Increasing demand in the global south calls for alternative approaches in housing provision and management.

3. Urban Resilience

Understanding resilience not as a mere struggle for survival, but as an opportunity to build better urban environments.

We will discuss question such as:

Is the just city framework applicable in cities with extreme socio-economic inequality?
Can community-led housing initiatives provide effective solutions for households in need?
How can resilience support development instead of perpetuating a disadvantaged condition?

After conducting an assessment that showed their building’s vulnerability to wind damage, the Nicklaus Children’s Hospital in Miami looked for a way to improve safety for patients and staff.

Perspectives of International Educators on its Curriculum and Implementation Potential

Short Description:
This book is based on a study on the perspectives of international educators at five respective universities in five countries. The aim of the study is to establish the readiness of instructors to implement seamless learning as part of their curriculum. A clarification about the challenges and successes is compiled through this study and will be useful for policy makers in their respective environments.

Long Description:
This book is based on a study on the perspectives of international educators at five respective universities in five countries. The aim of the study is to establish the readiness of educators to implement seamless learning as part of their curriculum. A clarification about the challenges and successes is compiled through this study and will be useful for policy makers in their respective environments.

The target audience of this book on seamless learning includes educators, curriculum developers, decision makers and policy developers in higher education that are interested in the implementation of seamless learning in their environment. The study can be repeated to establish the readiness of a university by following the examples in this book. For assistance in similar studies the Global research team of the International Association for Mobile Learning can be contacted.

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Comparisons from International Educators on Changes During a Global Pandemic

Short Description:
The second book on Seamless Learning in Higher Education is a compilation of detailed descriptions and comparisons of educators designing and teaching courses from 10 countries where identified courses before and during COVID-19 are analyzed based on the Seamless Learning Experience Design (SLED) framework. The book is intended as a clarification for the identified concepts within the SLED model and as a demonstration of improving quality education in learning environments where technology is ample and available as well as in learning environments with minimal technology resources. The book provides rich information that will support educators, instructional designers, and management alike to improve their approach toward the continuous changes in the education landscape.

Long Description:
The second book on Seamless Learning in Higher Education is a compilation of detailed descriptions and comparisons of educators designing and teaching courses from 10 countries where identified courses before and during COVID-19 are analyzed based on the Seamless Learning Experience Design (SLED) framework. The book is intended as a clarification for the identified concepts within the SLED model and as a demonstration of improving quality education in learning environments where technology is ample and available as well as in learning environments with minimal technology resources. The book provides rich information that will support educators, instructional designers, and management alike to improve their approach toward the continuous changes in the education landscape.

The target audience of this book on seamless learning includes educators, curriculum developers, decision makers and policy developers in higher education that are interested in the implementation of seamless learning in their environment. The study can be repeated to establish the readiness of a university by following the examples in this book. For assistance in similar studies the Global research team of the International Association for Mobile Learning can be contacted.

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Word Count: 65480

ISBN: 978-1-9993825-6-8

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Long Description:
This online book explores multisensory principles for engaged product design, ultimately improving user experiences and emotional responses to product interactions. Each chapter presents a step-by-step discussion of design principles for sensory themes that build toward the final multisensory design chapter. These applied principles integrate traditional iterative approaches to product form and colour and include recent research into multisensory design; they are compatible with current design frameworks.

Our primary audience is industrial design (ID) students and professionals, as well as those in related design disciplines. We have compiled this information as a straightforward resource for novices – both novice designers and design researchers. As a result, illustrations, interactive examples, and evaluations that complement academic learning and design practice are integrated into each chapter and are valuable as teaching and learning tools.

This Creative Commons textbook is a free and shareable tool.

Keywords: multisensory design; art and design; user experience

Word Count: 67270

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In this space planning module we are going to explore taking our open learning environments to the next step beyond technology, to a richer higher level of mindfulness.  It is a step away from the ledge that is catapulting students into robotic mindlessness and a lack of cognitive control.  In our eagerness to connect students with technology we forget the human side of learning.  Our brains function with either a perception-action, bottom-up learning cycle or a more advanced top-down goal, attention setting process. “The perception-action cycle is fed by sensory inputs from the environment—sights, sounds, smells, and tactile sensations, whose signals enter the brain via an expansive web or specialized nerves.” (21 Gazzaley) There has always been a role for our senses to play not only in learning but in survival.  Enriching the sensory environment should be a goal in space design. But our ability to control the perception-action cycle or pause it is critical.  “During this pause, highly evolved neural processes that underlie our goal-setting abilities come into play, the executive functions.  These abilities of evaluation, decision making, organization, and planning disrupt the automaticity of the cycle and influence both perception and actions via associations, reflections, expectations and emotional weighting.  This synthesis is the true pinnacle of the human mind, the creation of high level goals.” (23 Gazzaley)  Creating a space for students to use all their sensory perceptions should be filled with energy.  They are the spaces we have been designing in recent course modules.  Now we should ask does that environment also encourage a pause; allow the individual to focus, be mindful of themselves, and learn cognitive control?We will start by looking at the scope of information and environmental overload,” the clutter”,  we have dropped learners into in our schools.  When technology came into libraries very little was taken out.  As technology has expanded expeditiously, libraries hesitate to remove aging equipment or under used print resources allowing the environment to become dense, difficult to navigate, simply cluttered.   Excessive clutter impends cognitive control and our ability to focus on finishing a goal. Before you can see the potential of a new library space we have to de-clutter, remove what is not contributing to student learning every day, and open the space to possibilities.  The environment can be a partner in learning, but first obsolete elements, not contributing to K-12 learners, need to be removed. In Adam Gazzaley and Larry Rosen’s research driven book, The Distracted Mind, they explore neutral processing and how easily young minds become addicted to distractions, especially when using digital devices while rapidly scanning through text, graphics, images and auditory sounds.  …three out of four K-12 teachers asserted that student use of entertainment media (including communication tools such as social media) has hurt students’ attention spans a lot or somewhat, 87 percent of teachers reported that the use of technologies is creating “an easily distracted generation with short attention spans” and 64 percent felt that “digital media do more to distract students than to help them academically”. (145, Gazzaley, Rosen)  The question now becomes: Have we introduced technology too pervasively without understanding its neurological side effects to developing minds?   Are our learning environments become a noisy distraction and if so how do we create more balance? We will look at design elements that can be added into the environment to shift attention back to sensory awareness and reflection. The inclusion of sensory design elements, like nature can add richness and focus to learning.  Contemporary learning environments should support active, collaborative learning but also invite quiet, reflection.  A “whole person” is coming into our schools and our learning spaces need to support that “wholeness.”  The next evolution of educational space planning, specially libraries, should focus on linking the physical, neurological and emotional well being of the learner.  We have designed educational spaces for pedagogy, for efficiency, for all the traditional educational tools and for all the new digital tools.  Now it is time to focus on the whole user and our need to encourage innovative thinkers through matching innovative environments.  Ellen J. Langer”s argues that “behavior depends on context.”  If we want students to be creative,  innovative thinkers we should pay more attention to the “context” through which they are learning.  This includes the tools and the pedagogy of their learning but also the environment.   We will explore Langer's concept of “sideways learning” which includes openness to novelty, alertness to distinction, sensitivity to different contexts, implicit, if not explicit, awareness of multiple perspectives and orientation in the present.  Being mindful of the present, moving beyond the comfortable categories of our past and what those two concepts mean for space planning.  

This lab manual was created for LNT 100: Plant and Horticulture Science at Southwestern College in Chula Vista, CA by Professor of Horticulture and Design, Holly McMullen.  

The course aims is to understand the relation between urban design and planning and the aspects of: - sun, energy and plants - wind, sound and noise - water, traffic and other networks - earth, soil and site preparation - life, ecology and nature preservation - living, human density, economy and environment These themes in sustainable urban engineering are related to legends for design, described in a wide variety of lecture papers (720 pages, 1000 figures, 200 references, 5000 key words, 400 questions), accompanied by interactive Excel computer programmes to get quantitative insight. The assignment is an evaluation of an own earlier and future design work integrating sun, plantation, wind, noise, water, traffic, earth, land preparation, cables and pipes, life, natural differentiation, living, density, environment and proposing new legends for design. Study Goals The student: - is able to link urban interventions to urban development technology and within that interrelate urban designers to relevant technical specialists - is able to integrating sun, plantation, wind, noise, water, traffic, earth, land preparation, cables and pipes, life, natural differentiation, living, density, environment - is able to develop new legends for design from the perspective of sustainable urban engineering

It has become almost impossible to imagine what our lives would be like without the many benefits of packaging – just think about the different packaging and single-use items you use on a daily basis. Yet as our global population grows in size and affluence, both our collective demand for packaging materials and the waste we generate as a result will increase dramatically.

Currently, large amounts of packaging waste escape formal collection and recycling systems and eventually end up polluting the environment. Moreover, their material value is forever lost to the economy. The Ellen MacArthur Foundation estimates that uncollected plastic packaging waste alone is worth somewhere between 80 to 120 billion dollars a year.

So how can we improve packaging systems in order to capture this wasted potential? Clearly, the way we currently design, recover, and reuse packaging urgently needs a rethink!

In this course, you will learn about the design of sustainable packaging systems. To do so we will explore the design and business strategies of the circular economy.

Contrary to our current industrial model, which extracts, uses and ultimately disposes of resources, a circular economy is regenerative by design. This means that products and services are reimagined from a systems perspective in order to minimize waste, maximize positive economic, environmental and social impacts, and keep resources locked in a cycle of restoration.

This course is for you if you are interested in learning about sustainable packaging design. You’ll also benefit if you are a professional in the packaging industry and want to learn how to find circular opportunities in your work. Students – particularly in design – will be able to broaden their knowledge of circular design and business strategies.

Sustainable Property Management is a 150-page, peer-reviewed open textbook intended for students majoring in property management and real estate at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. It can be incorporated into an existing property management operations course or used for a stand-alone course focused on sustainable property management. Although sustainability, as used in the real estate context, is about preserving the environment, it is about more than that. In sustainable property management, sustainability encompasses three spheres—environmental, social, and economic. Sustainable property management is about reconciling these three spheres throughout the operations and maintenance phases of the building lifecycle in such a way that a balance is achieved between economic development and the protection of environmental and social resources.

This textbook explains how ecologically sustainable concepts may be implemented throughout the property management operation functions while also considering the other spheres of sustainability. It also incorporates the theme of sustainable building practices as a human science as well as a building science by highlighting motivations and impacts to various stakeholders. The author draws on industry examples to illustrate these concepts and provides many experiential activities through which students can apply these concepts.

Are you reviewing or adopting this book for a course?
Please help us understand your use by filling out this form https://bit.ly/interest_sustainable_property_management.

How to Access the Book
The main landing page for this book is https://doi.org/10.21061/sustainable_property_management. The open textbook is freely available online in multiple formats, including PDF, ePub, and Pressbooks https://pressbooks.lib.vt.edu/sustainablepropertymanagement.
A softcover print version is available for order here.

ISBN
ISBN PDF 978-1-957213-38-5
ISBN Pressbooks 978-1-957213-40-8
ISBN ePub 978-1-957213-39-2
ISBN Print (color) 978-1-957213-37-8 https://www.amazon.com/dp/195721337X.

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Sustainable Property Management
Chapter 2: The Three Spheres of Sustainable Property Management
Chapter 3: Stakeholder Motivations for Sustainable Property Management Practices
Chapter 4: Sustainable Building Maintenance and Repair Practices
Chapter 5: The Intersection of Sustainable Property Management and Risk Management
Chapter 6: Integrating Sustainable Practices into Marketing and Leasing
Chapter 7: Financial Evaluation of Sustainable Building Initiatives
Chapter 8: Human Health Considerations

Find, Adapt, and Share Resources
Customizable class slides for this book are available at http://hdl.handle.net/10919/113422.

Instructors are encouraged to share their relevant, original, and openly-licensed teaching resources via the Instructor Resource Portal in OER Commons.

About the Author
Erin A. Hopkins, PhD, serves as an Associate Professor of Property Management within the College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences at Virginia Tech, where she teaches courses in property management operations and sustainability in the built environment. She has been awarded Virginia Tech’s Teacher of the Week and has received recognition in Virginia Tech’s “Thank a Teacher” program multiple times. She has twenty-three published journal articles and has served as an associate editor for the textbook Practical Apartment Management (7th ed.), Journal of Green Building, Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and Encyclopedia of Sustainability in Higher Education. She also serves on the Institute of Real Estate Management (IREM) Foundation’s Board of Directors and IREM’s Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Advisory Council.

Suggested Citation: Hopkins, Erin A. (2023). Sustainable Property Management. Blacksburg: Virginia Tech Department of Apparel, Housing, and Resource Management. https://doi.org/10.21061/sustainable_property_management. Licensed with CC BY NC-SA 4.0.

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Accessibility
Virginia Tech Publishing is committed to making its publications accessible in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The Pressbooks (HTML) and ePub versions of this text are tagged structurally and include alternative text, which allows for machine readability.

Cover Art: Danist Soh via https://unsplash.com/photos/XufAxQTncGY
Illustration and Cover Design: Kindred Grey

Did you know that cities take up less than 3% of the earth’s land surface, but more than 50% of the world’s population live in them? And, cities generate more than 70% of the global emissions? Large cities and their hinterlands (jointly called metropolitan regions) greatly contribute to global urbanization and sustainability challenges, yet are also key to resolving these same challenges.

If you are interested in the challenges of the 21st century metropolitan regions and how these can be solved from within the city and by its inhabitants, then this Sustainable Urban Development course is for you!

There are no simple solutions to these grand challenges! Rather the challenges cities face today require a holistic, systemic and transdisciplinary approach that spans different fields of expertise and disciplines such as urban planning, urban design, urban engineering, systems analysis, policy making, social sciences and entrepreneurship.

This MOOC is all about this integration of different fields of knowledge within the metropolitan context. The course is set up in a unique matrix format that lets you pursue your line of interest along a specific metropolitan challenge or a specific theme.

Because we are all part of the challenges as well as the solutions, we encourage you to participate actively! You will have the opportunity to explore the living conditions in your own city and compare your living environment with that of the global community.

A Guide for Busy Educators

Short Description:
This book focuses on helping educators (secondary school and higher education level) succeed and thrive in blended and online learning settings. Grounded in evidence-based practices and principles, we share diverse and extensive insights on starting out, differentiated learning, learning activities, feedback and assessment, and useful tools. Each chapter includes a subject overview, guidelines, activities or tools, and general resources.

Word Count: 113888

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A Guide for Busy Educators

Short Description:
This book focuses on helping educators (secondary school and higher education level) succeed and thrive in blended and online learning settings. Grounded in evidence-based practices and principles, we share diverse and extensive insights on starting out, differentiated learning, learning activities, feedback and assessment, and useful tools. Each chapter includes a subject overview, guidelines, activities or tools, and general resources.

Word Count: 115149

ISBN: 978-0-9781236-4-2

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

Selecting appropriate Technologies

Short Description:
The use of open education is growing and has become a global movement. Across much of North America, most post-secondary institutions are in the process of integrating the use of open education resources into their teaching and learning activities. The number of OER repositories from which instructors can draw resources continues to grow each year. The number of resources continues to grow along with the number of different tools used to develop these resources. There are a number of commercial and open source digital technologies available for the creation of open resources. This resource is intended to provide the OER community with a summary of some currently available tools for creating open content. OER creators need to know the range of tools that can be used in the creation process. This guide is designed to provide a starting point for instructors and faculty at post-secondary institutions. Prospective creators of OER can use the guide to pick the most appropriate tool for their specific context and level of technical expertise.

Long Description:
The use of open education is growing and has become a global movement. Across much of North America, most post-secondary institutions are in the process of integrating the use of open education resources into teaching and learning activities. The following are the chapters covered in the guide: Chapter 1 starts with very basic information on the definition and description of what constitutes OER. Chapter 2 introduces the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by providing a brief listing of each goal. Chapter 3 focuses on commercial word processing tool options. Chapter 4 describes a number of open-source word processing and additional tools. Chapter 5 introduces the basic open-source TeX-based systems that arose out of the open-source software movement. Chapter 6 delves further into TeX-based open-source tools by highlighting some packages useful for content creation. Chapter 7 describes other TeX-based tools helpful for creating open content. Chapter 8 introduces the emerging OER tools Pressbooks, EdTech Books and LibreTexts.

Word Count: 32461

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

Selecting appropriate Technologies

Short Description:
The use of open education is growing and has become a global movement. Across much of North America, most post-secondary institutions are in the process of integrating the use of open education resources into their teaching and learning activities. The number of OER repositories from which instructors can draw resources continues to grow each year. The number of resources continues to grow along with the number of different tools used to develop these resources. There are a number of commercial and open source digital technologies available for the creation of open resources. This resource is intended to provide the OER community with a summary of some currently available tools for creating open content. OER creators need to know the range of tools that can be used in the creation process. This guide is designed to provide a starting point for instructors and faculty at post-secondary institutions. Prospective creators of OER can use the guide to pick the most appropriate tool for their specific context and level of technical expertise.

Long Description:
The use of open education is growing and has become a global movement. Across much of North America, most post-secondary institutions are in the process of integrating the use of open education resources into teaching and learning activities. The following are the chapters covered in the guide: Chapter 1 starts with very basic information on the definition and description of what constitutes OER. Chapter 2 introduces the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by providing a brief listing of each goal. Chapter 3 focuses on commercial word processing tool options. Chapter 4 describes a number of open-source word processing and additional tools. Chapter 5 introduces the basic open-source TeX-based systems that arose out of the open-source software movement. Chapter 6 delves further into TeX-based open-source tools by highlighting some packages useful for content creation. Chapter 7 describes other TeX-based tools helpful for creating open content. Chapter 8 introduces the emerging OER tools Pressbooks, EdTech Books and LibreTexts.

Word Count: 32474

ISBN: 978-0-7731-0777-9

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Long Description:
CREDITS:

Cover Photo by Darwis Alwan from Pexels

Word Count: 5321

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Welcome to the White House 360 Virtual Tour! This immersive experience will bring you inside the halls of the White House and provide access to all the public rooms on the Ground and State Floors. It will also allow you to examine the rooms and objects even closer than you would in person.

This feature was made possible in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities: Exploring the human endeavor.

Short Description:
This book is for the beginning level of both architecture and interior design students who learn computer graphic communication software. The author developed multiple tutorials to teach three computer graphic applications, AutoCAD, Revit, and Enscape. AutoCAD is an essential computer drafting software which is 2D drawing software. Revit is a Building Information Modeling software, which is 3D based modeling software. Lastly, Enscape is a real-time rendering, animation, and virtual reality plug-in for users' 4D experiences.

Long Description:
This book is for the beginning level of both architecture and interior design students who learn computer graphic communication software. The author developed multiple tutorials to teach three computer graphic applications, AutoCAD, Revit, and Enscape. AutoCAD is an essential computer drafting software which is 2D drawing software. Revit is a Building Information Modeling software, which is 3D based modeling software. Lastly, Enscape is a real-time rendering, animation, and virtual reality plug-in for users’ 4D experiences.

Word Count: 33494

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This book is for advanced-level architecture and interior design students who have in-depth knowledge and skills with computer-aided visualization software. The author developed a total of twenty-two chapters to teach practical graphic presentation techniques for architectural presentations. Readers will learn these techniques by following step-by-step tutorials. This book includes multiple exercises for the reader's practice. After completing the tutorials, readers will be able to apply these techniques to their design projects.

Short Description:
The OER Program and Dr. John Archer Library will be facilitating OER Bootcamps to provide faculty and staff the opportunity to acquire basic information on Open Education Practices including hands-on opportunities in OER creation and development. These sessions would benefit those initially interested in using OER in the teaching and learning activities as well as those further along in their open education journey. These sessions are planned to occur each spring to jumpstart instructor OER development efforts for the year. This resource will be a collection of these sessions including video recordings and handouts for those unable to attend.

Word Count: 3173

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This studio discusses in great detail the design of urban environments, specifically in Providence, RI. It will propose strategies for change in large areas of cities, to be developed over time, involving different actors. Fitting forms into natural, man-made, historical, and cultural contexts; enabling desirable activity patterns; conceptualizing built form; providing infrastructure and service systems; guiding the sensory character of development: all are topics covered in the studio. The course integrates architecture and planning students in joint work and requires individual designs and planning guidelines as a final product.

Word Count: 3867

Included H5P activities: 1

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Are you an urban planner, designer, policy maker or involved or interested in the creation of good living environments?

This course will broaden your scope and diversify your take on the field of urban planning and design. We will focus on a unique Dutch approach and analyze how it can help those involved with urban planning and design to improve the physical environment in relation to the public good it serves, including safety, wellbeing, sustainability and even beauty.

You will learn some of the basic traits of Dutch Urbanism, including its:

contextual approach;
balance between research and design;
simultaneous working on multiple scale levels.
You will practice with basic techniques in spatial analysis and design pertaining to these points. You will also carry out these activities in your own domestic environment.

This course is taught by the Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment at TU-Delft, ranked no. 4 in Architecture/Built Environment on the QS World University Rankings (2016).

All the material in this course is presented at entry level. But since the course has an integral perspective, combining planning and design aspects, it can still be relevant for trained professionals who feel they lack experience in either field.

TED Studies, created in collaboration with Wiley, are curated video collections — supplemented by rich educational materials — for students, educators and self-guided learners. In Ecofying Cities, speakers reveal ideas about sustainable development (and redevelopment) that aren't all about setting limits, going without or preparing for the worst. Rather, they find solutions in resourceful, hopeful, beautiful communities.

Students obtain basic knowledge of the multidisciplinary aspects of the use of undergrounds space. Based on knowledge about the characteristics of several construction technologies they are able to asses their applicability in different situations. This may be different geological or physical conditions. They are able to analyze and structure the complex decision making process that is related to the use of underground space and define an integral approach

Word Count: 12641

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Book Three: Senses of Place and Space

Short Description:
Today, as the increasing accessibility, prevalence, and affordability of VR technology grows, so does a need to revisit theories of virtual space. Virtual Interiorities brings together scholars from the allied fields of built environment, humanities, art, and media. This collection of essays catalogs the moments of collision and collusion between parallel universes of spatio-visual media as they shift into and extend one another.

Long Description:
Contemporary virtual reality is often discussed in terms of popular consumer hardware. Yet the virtual we increasingly experience comes in many forms and is often more complex than wearable signifiers. This three-volume collection of essays examines the virtual beyond the headset. Virtual Interiorities offers multiple, sometimes unexpected entry points to virtuality—theme parks, video games, gyms, pilgrimage sites, theater, art installations, screens, drones, film, and even national identity. What all these virtual interiorities share are compelling cultural perspectives on distinct moments of environmental collision and collusion, liminality, and shifting modes of inhabitation, which challenge more conventional architectural conceptions of space. Senses of Place and Space steps beyond environments to look more closely at inhabitation, time, non-space, and placelessness. Each piece gathered in this final volume touches on how we exist—or might exist—in emerging virtual constructs, as well as how those constructs shift our perceptions through fluidity, pervasiveness, and altered vantages.

Word Count: 189719

ISBN: 978-1-387-49250-3

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An Educator's Toolkit

Word Count: 22853

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Basic skill development in hand-forging steel, forge welding, scroll-forming, shaping, and joinery utilizing hammers, anvils, and coal and gas forges. Emphasis on techniques and processes to demonstrate versatility and skill.

Recording of Day 1 of the Three Branches Institute, featuring a condensed version of WHHA's "White House 101" lecture, exploration of WHHA's 360 Virtual Tour of the White House, and some discussion.

Please note that there will be "dead air" during the mid program break as well as the second half breakout rooms.

White House 101: Over 200 Years of the Executive Mansion

This PDF contains copies of the slides used by the White House Historical Association's K-12 Education staff during their White House 101 lecture during Day 1 of the 2021 Three Branches Institute. A link to a video recording of this session is also available on the Hub.

After most of the city was flattened by a tornado, Joplin, Missouri’s Mercy Hospital built a new facility, incorporating features to reinforce its resistance to wind.

Material created for an exhibition curated by the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Special Collections.

Since 1886, there has been a library serving the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga campus and metropolitan area. As the campus has grown and changed over the years, so too has the library, responding to the needs of the university. Although many of the library resources available to current students, faculty, staff, and community members look different than those of years past, this exhibition celebrates the library’s commitment to supporting information discovery and providing infrastructure for learning that have been a part of its mission from day one.

الراحة والترفيه وقضاء الوقت بماء في ذلك توفير الخدمات الترفيهية في السياحة والترفيه.

يهدف الموقع الـ التحديد علـئ تصميم هندسة الديكوراتيحتوي على الموقع علئ تعريف هندسة وتصميمات وابرز المواد المستخدمة في الهندسه الدواجن ومواصفات مهندس الديكور كما إيجابيات وسلبيات هندسة الديكور ويذكر اهميه تصميم الديكور واقسامه واركان هندسة الديكور واسس التصميم في هندسة الديكور... 

يهدف الموقع الـ التحديد علـئ تصميم هندسة الديكوراتيحتوي على الموقع علئ تعريف هندسة وتصميمات وابرز المواد المستخدمة في الهندسه الدواجن ومواصفات مهندس الديكور كما إيجابيات وسلبيات هندسة الديكور ويذكر اهميه تصميم الديكور واقسامه واركان هندسة الديكور واسس التصميم في هندسة الديكور... 

 تحديد الموقع المخصص لهندسة القضاء الجنائييحتوي الموقع على تعريف هندسة الديكور وأبرز المواد المستخدمة في الكلابومواصفات مهندس الديكور كما يتذكر الايجابيات وسلبيات هندسة الديكورويذكر أهمية تصميم الديكور وأقسامه ويذكر أركان الديكوروأسس التصميم في هندسة الديكور ..