Short Description:
We often make judgments about good and bad, right and wrong. Philosophical ethics is the critical examination of these and other concepts central to how we evaluate our own and each others' behavior and choices. This text examines some of the main threads of discussion on these topics that have developed over the last couple of millenia, mostly within the Western cultural tradition. Join the conversation about this and the other books in the Introduction to Philosophy textbook series. Cover art by Heather Salazar; cover design by Jonathan Lashley.

Long Description:
We often make judgments about good and bad, right and wrong. Philosophical ethics is the critical examination of these and other concepts central to how we evaluate our own and each others’ behavior and choices.

This text examines some of the main threads of discussion on these topics that have developed over the last couple of millenia, mostly within the Western cultural tradition. It considers basic questions about moral and ethical judgment: Is there such a thing as something that is really right or really wrong independent of time, place and perspective? What is the relationship between religion and ethics? How can we reconcile self-interest and ethics? Is it ever acceptable to harm one person in order to help others? What do recent discussions in evolutionary biology or have to say about human moral systems? What is the relation between gender and ethics? The authors invite you to participate in their exploration of these and many other questions in philosophical ethics.

If you are adopting or adapting this book for a course, please let us know on our adoption form for the Introduction to Philosophy open textbook series.

Word Count: 46624

ISBN: 978-1-989014-08-0

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

Short Description:
We often make judgments about good and bad, right and wrong. Philosophical ethics is the critical examination of these and other concepts central to how we evaluate our own and each others' behavior and choices. This text examines some of the main threads of discussion on these topics that have developed over the last couple of millenia, mostly within the Western cultural tradition. Cover art by Heather Salazar; cover design by Jonathan Lashley. Join the conversation about this and the other books in the Introduction to Philosophy textbook series.

Long Description:
We often make judgments about good and bad, right and wrong. Philosophical ethics is the critical examination of these and other concepts central to how we evaluate our own and each others’ behavior and choices.

This text examines some of the main threads of discussion on these topics that have developed over the last couple of millenia, mostly within the Western cultural tradition. It considers basic questions about moral and ethical judgment: Is there such a thing as something that is really right or really wrong independent of time, place and perspective? What is the relationship between religion and ethics? How can we reconcile self-interest and ethics? Is it ever acceptable to harm one person in order to help others? What do recent discussions in evolutionary biology or have to say about human moral systems? What is the relation between gender and ethics? The authors invite you to participate in their exploration of these and many other questions in philosophical ethics.

If you are adopting or adapting this book for a course, please let us know on our adoption form for the Introduction to Philosophy open textbook series.

Word Count: 46922

ISBN: 978-1-989014-08-0

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

Short Description:
Introduction to Philosophy: Logic provides students with the concepts and skills necessary to identify and evaluate arguments effectively. The chapters, all written by experts in the field, provide an overview of what arguments are, the different types of arguments one can expect to encounter in both philosophy and everyday life, and how to recognise common argumentative mistakes. Cover art by Heather Salazar; cover design by Jonathan Lashley. Join the conversation about this and the other books in the Introduction to Philosophy textbook series.

Long Description:
Introduction to Philosophy: Logic provides students with the concepts and skills necessary to identify and evaluate arguments effectively. The chapters, all written by experts in the field, provide an overview of what arguments are, the different types of arguments one can expect to encounter in both philosophy and everyday life, and how to recognise common argumentative mistakes. The book aims to reach not only those who wish to learn logic to further their philosophical education, but also those who wish to gain the tools to better understand how to approach arguments in many aspects of their lives.

Word Count: 32481

ISBN: 978-1-989014-09-7

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

Short Description:
Introduction to Philosophy: Logic provides students with the concepts and skills necessary to identify and evaluate arguments effectively. The chapters, all written by experts in the field, provide an overview of what arguments are, the different types of arguments one can expect to encounter in both philosophy and everyday life, and how to recognise common argumentative mistakes. Cover art by Heather Salazar; cover design by Jonathan Lashley.

Long Description:
Introduction to Philosophy: Logic provides students with the concepts and skills necessary to identify and evaluate arguments effectively. The chapters, all written by experts in the field, provide an overview of what arguments are, the different types of arguments one can expect to encounter in both philosophy and everyday life, and how to recognise common argumentative mistakes. The book aims to reach not only those who wish to learn logic to further their philosophical education, but also those who wish to gain the tools to better understand how to approach arguments in many aspects of their lives.

Word Count: 32437

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

Short Description:
Introduction to Philosophy: Philosophy of Mind surveys the central themes in philosophy of mind and places them in a historical and contemporary context intended to engage first-time readers in the field. It focuses on debates about the status and character of the mind and its seemingly subjective nature in an apparently more objective world. Cover art by Heather Salazar; cover design by Jonathan Lashley. Join the conversation about this and the other books in the Introduction to Philosophy textbook series.

Long Description:
Introduction to Philosophy: Philosophy of Mind (edited by Heather Salazar) surveys the central themes in philosophy of mind and places them in a historical and contemporary context intended to engage first-time readers in the field. It focuses on debates about the status and character of the mind and its seemingly subjective nature in an apparently more objective world.

Written by experts and emerging researchers in their subject areas, each chapter brings clarity to complex material and involves the reader through a wealth of examples. Many chapters include applications of the concepts to film and literature that will stimulate readers to firmly grasp the significance of the philosophy of mind. Subjects covered are how the mind fits into the material world and how to analyze its properties. In that vein, substance dualism, materialism, behaviorism, functionalism, and property dualism are all explored.

In addition, it includes insightful contributions on how to explain seemingly subjective feelings, the mystery of consciousness, conceptual understanding of the world outside of the mind, and free will. The book is designed to be used alone or alongside a reader of historical and contemporary original sources.

If you are adopting or adapting this book for a course, please let us know on our adoption form for the Introduction to Philosophy open textbook series.

Cover art by Heather Salazer; cover design by Jonathan Lashley.

Word Count: 39159

ISBN: 978-1-989014-07-3

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Short Description:
Introduction to Philosophy: Philosophy of Religion introduces some of the major traditional arguments for and against the existence of God, as well as some less well-known, but thought-provoking arguments for the existence of God, and one of the most important new challenges to religious belief from the Cognitive Science of Religion. An introductory chapter traces the connection between philosophy and religion throughout Western history, and a final chapter addresses the place of non-Western and non-monotheistic religions within contemporary philosophy of religion. Cover art by Heather Salazar; cover design by Jonathan Lashley. Join the conversation about this and the other books in the Introduction to Philosophy textbook series.

Long Description:
Where did the universe come from? Is life a result of chance, or design? If God is loving and all-powerful, why does evil still exist? Is religious belief just a byproduct of undirected evolutionary processes? Or did God make sure humans would evolve in such a way as to believe? Are philosophers closed-minded about religion? And why is so much of philosophy of religion about God—but not about gods?

Introduction to Philosophy: Philosophy of Religion introduces students to some of the major traditional arguments for and against the existence of God. It also includes discussions of some less well-known, but thought-provoking arguments for the existence of God, and one of the most important new challenges to religious belief from the Cognitive Science of Religion. An introductory chapter traces the deep interconnections between philosophy and religion throughout Western history, and a final chapter considers what place there is for non-Western and non-monotheistic religions within contemporary philosophy of religion.

Whatever your religious beliefs—or lack of beliefs—we think you will find many of the arguments in this book fascinating to think about, and useful starting points for deeper philosophical discussions.

Word Count: 47039

ISBN: 978-1-989014-23-3

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Philosophy (from Greek φιλοσοφία, philosophia, literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. The term was probably coined by Pythagoras (c. 570 – c. 495 BC). Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument and systematic presentation. Classic philosophical questions include: Is it possible to know anything and to prove it? What is most real? However, philosophers might also pose more practical and concrete questions such as: Is there a best way to live? Is it better to be just or unjust (if one can get away with it)? Do humans have free will?

The goal of this text is to present philosophy to newcomers as a living discipline with historical roots. While a few early chapters are historically organized, the goal in the historical chapters is to trace a developmental progression of thought that introduces basic philosophical methods and frames issues that remain relevant today. Later chapters are topically organized. These include philosophy of science and philosophy of mind, areas where philosophy has shown dramatic recent progress. This text concludes with four chapters on ethics, broadly construed. Traditional theories of right action is covered in a third of these. Students are first invited first to think about what is good for themselves and their relationships in a chapter of love and happiness. Next a few meta-ethical issues are considered; namely, whether they are moral truths and if so what makes them so. The end of the ethics sequence addresses social justice, what it is for one’s community to be good. Our sphere of concern expands progressively through these chapters. Our inquiry recapitulates the course of development into moral maturity. Over the course of the text, the author has tried to outline the continuity of thought that leads from the historical roots of philosophy to a few of the diverse areas of inquiry that continue to make significant contributions to our understanding of ourselves and the world we live in.

This course explores the nature of meaning and truth, and their bearing on the use of language in communication. No knowledge of logic or linguistics is presupposed.

These instructions are given to community college students who are reading primary texts in a philosophy 100 class. This is a version of the typical "impression paper" students are often asked to write to prove they have read the material in advance of class discussion. The main part that may be of interest, and why I'm sharing it, is the "template." This template gives students two things: first, an easy, three-step way to phrase their initial responses to readings; second, it gives permission to describe their reading circumstances and personalize their account of their reading experience. This seems to have value for the students, allowing them to write in a natural voice, express themselves, and reflect upon their own learning conditions. As a teacher, I've enjoyed reading responses from this template because I learn a little about my students lives at the same time as I learn about how they initially interpret a text.

This course is intended as an introduction to political philosophy as seen through an examination of some of the major texts and thinkers of the Western political tradition. Three broad themes that are central to understanding political life are focused upon: the polis experience (Plato, Aristotle), the sovereign state (Machiavelli, Hobbes), constitutional government (Locke), and democracy (Rousseau, Tocqueville). The way in which different political philosophies have given expression to various forms of political institutions and our ways of life are examined throughout the course.

This resource provides a basic introduction to what logic is, including a definition of an argument and how to distinguish between arguments and other forms of speech, such as explanations, as well as the distinction between inductive and deductive arguments.

Political thought, otherwise known as political theory or philosophy, is the study of questions concerning power, justice, rights, law, and other issues pertaining to governance. This course examines major texts in the history of political thought and asks how different views on human nature inform the design of government. Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: summarize the passage of political thought through the classical, Renaissance, and Enlightenment periods and based on the works of Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Tocqueville, and Marx; compare and contrast the differences between Plato and Aristotle with regard to their understandings of the nature of the person, ethics, society, citizenship, and governance; explain the historical and intellectual context in which the political thought that helped to develop the modern state came to be; compare and contrast the concepts of justice, freedom, equality, citizenship, and sovereignty in the works of Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau; explain the different versions of, and importance of, 'the state of nature' to political thought; identify the influences of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau on the development of the United States Constitution; summarize the thoughts of Alexis de Tocqueville on the American political landscape, particularly with regard to religion and equality, and why this has importance beyond the American context; explain Karl Marx's world view, with particular regard to his critique of democracy and the modern, politically liberal, state; how it came to be; and its fundamental link to capitalism. (Political Science 201)

Short Description:
This book is a multidisciplinary introduction to the social sciences with an applied approach to the study of human society. This book examines diverse aspects of social life from multiple perspectives, incorporating analytical and methodological insights in a wide range of social science disciplines, including sociology, anthropology, political science, public policy, psychology and human geography. Through real cases of contemporary issues and social problems, students will explore a wide range of topics that shape both Australia and the world today - the changing nature of work and education, the environment and health, community and development. Using a blend of text, video, and online materials, students will learn the skills for independent study and collaborative investigation. Upon the successful completion of this book, students will have gained critical knowledge on Australian and global social issues, relevant policies, and possible solutions.

Long Description:
This book is a multidisciplinary introduction to the social sciences with an applied approach to the study of human society. This book examines diverse aspects of social life from multiple perspectives, incorporating analytical and methodological insights in a wide range of social science disciplines, including sociology, anthropology, political science, public policy, psychology and human geography. Through real cases of contemporary issues and social problems, students will explore a wide range of topics that shape both Australia and the world today – the changing nature of work and education, the environment and health, community and development. Using a blend of text, video, and online materials, students will learn the skills for independent study and collaborative investigation. Upon the successful completion of this book, students will have gained critical knowledge on Australian and global social issues, relevant policies, and possible solutions.

Word Count: 43661

ISBN: 978-1-74272-385-3

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The purpose behind this OER is to dive deeper into Chapter 7, Is Mind Material, from Nortons Introduction to Philosophy and Can Computers Think? by John Searle. This OER was created by a group of 4 students who attend The Universirty of Colorado Colorado Springs and contains our interpretations of the Chapter and the reading. There are discussion questions at the end designed to involve the learner and allow for further thinking and contributions to the material. We have also included an additional video at the end of our PowerPoint that can help explain this even more. We hope that our information can help you to understand these readings as well as think about them even more in depth. OER PowerPoint

The question of income inequality has become a key issue in contemporary politics. What caused the distribution of wealth in America to become so lopsided in favor of the 1%? What are the best ways to even the playing field? How can society best help its poorest? Does inequality even matter? The Institute for Humane Studies asked two professors-- Professor Steve Horwitz, economist at St. Lawrence University, and Professor Jeffrey Reiman, philosopher at American University- to answer questions about wealth, fairness, inequality in the United States. This is their debate.

Truth is Senior to Reality

Short Description:
A meditation intensive is where you block out the external world and devote all of your waking time to practice. Isolation Tank gnosis outlines such a meditation intensive in the floatation tank, aka isolation tank.

Long Description:
Isolation Tank Gnosis is very simple. All you need for complete spiritual enlightenment is to simply lay in an isolation tank all day and all night, taking brief excursions to the kitchen or bathroom when necessary. Historically, we have Harry Palmer’s 8-week experience with continuous floatation tank usage in the book “Living Deliberately”. This text, Isolation Tank Gnosis, give the theory, practice and history of Terrence Calvinsson de Sherleys-Womb based on his 5-week practice of the same.

Gnosis, as defined by John C. Lilly (developer of the isolation tank), is using the self to discover THE SELF as opposed to a church or group. Isolation Tank Gnosis, therefore, is leaving the self in an isolation tank long enough for THE SELF to manifest!

Word Count: 14683

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This instructor resource walks the student throught the connection between Locke's view of natural rights to the modern concept of human rights. It also has the student reflect on the strategy of the civil rights movement and Malcolm X's proposal that the fight should be framed as a human rights struggle.

John Rawls (February 21, 1921 – November 24, 2002) was an American political philosopher, a long-time professor at Harvard University, and the author of several books, including A Theory of Justice and Political Liberalism. Rawls' most important and influential idea was the principle of "justice as fairness" as the basis for political liberalism. He refuted the predominant Utilitarian concepts of the time and took a much more idealistic approach to politics. Rawls' efforts, much of it inspired by the work of Immanuel Kant, led to a revival of the social contract theory, which had long been neglected by political philosophers. Rawls' theories of social justice and liberalism have become widely accepted among modern scholars, and he has become one of the key figures in shaping modern political thought.

John Stuart Mill (May 20, 1806 - May 8, 1873), an English philosopher and political economist, was an influential liberal thinker of the nineteenth century. John Stuart Mill refined and developed utilitarianism, which was originally formulated by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), his godfather and a close friend of his father James Mill.

This course explores the ideal of social justice. What makes a society just? We will approach this question by studying three opposing theories of justice—utilitarianism, libertarianism, and egalitarian liberalism—each foundational to contemporary political thought and discourse.

Is private property just? In this lecture, Professor Chris Feiman of the College of William and Mary presents some of the major philosophical challenges to private property.

Études, analyses et témoignages sur les injustices cognitives dans les pays des Suds. Textes tirés de deux colloques (Port-au-Prince, mars 2016 et Yaoundé, mai 2016), textes inspirés par le projet SOHA et traductions.

A lecture series examining Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. This series looks at German Philosopher Immanuel Kant's seminal philosophical work 'The Critique of Pure Reason'. The lectures aim to outline and discuss some of the key philosophical issues raised in the book and to offer students and individuals thought provoking Kantian ideas surrounding metaphysics. Each lecture looks at particular questions raised in the work such as how do we know what we know and how do we find out about the world, dissects these questions with reference to Kant's work and discusses the broader philosophical implications. Anyone with an interest in Kant and philosophy will find these lectures thought provoking but accessible.

Manifold greatness: Oxford Celebrations of the King James Bible 1611-2011. Lecture series held in Corpus Christi College to celebrate the 400th Anniversary of the first publication of the King James Bible.

Short Description:
Knowledge for Humans is a textbook aimed at introducing students to fundamental questions about knowledge and skepticism. Many topics often covered in epistemology textbooks are also covered here, such as radical Cartesian skepticism, phenomenalism, externalism, and naturalism. But the text also covers useful topics that are not usually included, such as the social conditions for knowledge, common fallacies, Bayesianism, the internet, conspiracy theories, and how we should go about arguing with one another. It’s written in an easy-going style with clear examples and funny diagrams.

Long Description:
Knowledge for Humans is a textbook aimed at introducing students to fundamental questions about knowledge and skepticism. Many topics often covered in epistemology textbooks are also covered here, such as radical Cartesian skepticism, phenomenalism, externalism, and naturalism. But the text also covers useful topics that are not usually included, such as the social conditions for knowledge, common fallacies, Bayesianism, the internet, conspiracy theories, and how we should go about arguing with one another. It’s written in an easy-going style with clear examples and funny diagrams.

Word Count: 42952

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

This course gives an introduction to the science of linguistic meaning. There are two branches to this discipline: semantics, the study of conventional, "compositional meaning", and pragmatics, the study of interactional meaning. There are other contributaries: philosophy, logic, syntax, and psychology. We will try to give you an understanding of the concepts of semantics and pragmatics and of some of the technical tools that we use.

This course will acquaint you with some of the important results and ideas of the last half - century of research in syntax. We will explore a large number of issues and a large amount of data so that you can learn something of what this field is all about. From time to time, we will discuss related work in language acquisition and processing. The class will emphasize ideas and arguments for these ideas in addition to the the details of particular analyses. At the same time, you will learn the mechanics of one particular approach (sometimes called Principles and Parameters syntax).
Most of all, the course tries to show why the study of syntax is exciting, and why its results are important to researchers in other language sciences. The class assumes some familiarity with basic concepts of theoretical linguistics, of the sort you could acquire in 24.900.

This video provides a brief history of Latin American Liberation Theology and explains why the Vatican condemned it.

Law is a common and yet distinct aspect of everyday life in modern societies. This course examines the central features of law as a social institution and as a feature of popular culture. We will explore the nature of law as a set of social systems, central actors in the systems, legal reasoning, and the relationship of the legal form and reasoning to social change. The course emphasizes the relationship between the internal logic of legal devices and economic, political and social processes. Emphasis is placed upon developing a perspective which views law as a practical resource, a mechanism for handling the widest range of unspecified social issues, problems, and conflicts, and at the same time, as a set of shared representations and aspirations.
We will explore the range of experiences of law for its ministers (lawyers, judges, law enforcement agents and administrators) as well as for its supplicants (citizens, plaintiffs, defendants). We will examine how law is mobilized and deployed by professionals and ordinary citizens. We cannot cover all aspects of the legal system, nor focus on all the different actors. A set of topics has been selected to develop understanding of the situational and systemic demands within which actors in the legal system operate and perform their roles; at the same time, we will try to discover systematic patterns in the uses and consequences of law. Throughout the course there is concern for understanding what we mean by legality and the rule of law.

As events of the last few years have shown, the Supreme Court has played a crucial role in American political life. There is practically no issue of social significance in the American past that did not at some point end up in the nation's courtrooms, yet much of the workings of the constitution remain obscure. This subject is designed to introduce students to the main themes and events of American constitutional law since 1787. It introduces terms and concepts of law and legal history, focusing on three recurring themes in American public life: liberty, equality, and property. Readings consist mostly of original court cases, especially from the U.S. Supreme Court, but the focus of the class is on the historical connections between those cases and broader social, political, and cultural trends.

Short Description:
Innovation today considers the economic, environmental, and/or social sustainability of an innovative initiative from its inception or idea generation through to its commercialization or implementation. This concept applies to many types of innovation such as products, processes, services, technologies, and business models. Companies use innovation as a means to gain a competitive advantage and bring value to business stakeholders. This book introduces business innovation, from incremental innovation such as enhancing the performance of an existing product, service, or process, to radical or disruptive innovation such as one that has a significant impact on a market. The content examines how leaders foster a culture of innovation, how companies turn creativity into innovation, and how innovation transforms not only organizations but economies as well.

Word Count: 46438

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Word Count: 138613

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Learning from Arguments offers a novel approach to teaching Introduction to Philosophy. It advances accessible versions of key philosophical arguments, in a form that students can emulate in their own writing, and with the primary aim of cultivating an understanding of the dynamics of philosophical argumentation.

The book contains ten core chapters, covering the problem of evil, Pascal’s wager, personal identity, the irrationality of fearing death, free will and determinism, Cartesian skepticism, the problem of induction, the problem of political authority, the violinist argument, the future-like-ours argument, the ethics of eating meat, utilitarianism (both act and rule), and the trolley problem. Additionally, there is an introductory chapter explaining what arguments are and surveying some common argumentative strategies, an appendix on logic explaining the mechanics and varieties of valid arguments, and an appendix providing detailed advice for writing philosophy papers.

Each of the ten core chapters offers a sustained argument for some controversial thesis, specifically written for an audience of beginners. The aim is to introduce newcomers to the dynamics of philosophical argumentation, using some of the arguments standardly covered in an introductory philosophy course, but without the additional hurdles one encounters when reading the primary sources of the arguments: challenging writing, specialized jargon, and references to unfamiliar books, philosophers, or schools of thought.

Pratiques biographiques en formation, intervention et recherche

Short Description:
Les récits de vie sont bien connus en recherche. Ils permettent de construire une vision fine et subtile du monde vécu, de la société vue de l’intérieur. Mais ils sont utilisés dans bien d’autres milieux, notamment en formation professionnelle, dans des interventions visant la transformation sociale ou dans le champ de l’éducation. Les seize chapitres de cet ouvrage proposent d’explorer de tels usages des pratiques biographiques et autobiographiques dans des contextes variés. Les auteurs et les autrices, venant des deux côtés de l’Atlantique (Suisse, Pologne, France, Allemagne, Portugal, Cameroun, Gabon, Brésil et Canada), témoignent ainsi de la diversité et de la fécondité de ces pratiques. Cet ouvrage est le fruit d’un partenariat de trois années entre l’Université de Basse-Silésie (Pologne), l’Université de Tours (France) et l’Université Laval (Québec, Canada).

Long Description:
Les récits de vie sont bien connus en recherche. Ils permettent de construire une vision fine et subtile du monde vécu, de la société vue de l’intérieur. Mais ils sont utilisés dans bien d’autres milieux, notamment en formation professionnelle, dans des interventions visant la transformation sociale ou dans le champ de l’éducation. Les seize chapitres de cet ouvrage proposent d’explorer de tels usages des pratiques biographiques et autobiographiques dans des contextes variés. Les auteurs et les autrices, venant des deux côtés de l’Atlantique (Suisse, Pologne, France, Allemagne, Portugal, Cameroun, Gabon, Brésil et Canada), témoignent ainsi de la diversité et de la fécondité de ces pratiques. Cet ouvrage est le fruit d’un partenariat de trois années entre l’Université de Basse-Silésie (Pologne), l’Université de Tours (France) et l’Université Laval (Québec, Canada).

Publications associées : Slowik, A., Rywalski, P. et de Souza E.C. (coord.) (2019). Approches (auto)biographiques et nouvelles épreuves de transitions. Construire du sens avec des parcours de vie. Paris : L’Harmattan. Slowik, A., Breton, H. et Pineau, G. (coord.) (2019). Récits de vie et approches biographiques. Histoire et vitalité d’un paradigme en sciences sociales. Paris : L’Harmattan.

Word Count: 97156

ISBN: 978-2-924661-90-1

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Short Description:
Leviathan (1651)—full title Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil—is a book written by English philosopher Thomas Hobbes. The book offers a criticisms regarding the structure of society and legitimate government. It is considered one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory.

Long Description:
Leviathan (1651)—full title Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil—is a book written by English philosopher Thomas Hobbes. The book offers a criticisms regarding the structure of society and legitimate government. It is considered one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory.

Word Count: 208799

Included H5P activities: 1

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This seminar offers a course of readings in lyric poetry. It aims to enhance the student's capacity to understand the nature of poetic language and the enjoyment of poetic texts by treating poems as messages to be deciphered.
The seminar will briefly touch upon the history of theories of figurative language since Aristotle and it will attend to the development of those theories during the last thirty years, noting the manner in which they tended to consider figures of speech distinct from normative or literal expression, and it will devote particular attention to the rise of theories that quarrel with this distinction.
The seminar also aims to communicate a rough sense of the history of English-speaking poetry since the early modern period. Some attention will be paid as well to the use of metaphor in science.

This course introduces the practice and theory of literary criticism. The seminar focuses on topics such as the history of critical methods and techniques, and the continuity of certain subjects in literary history. Instruction and practice in oral and written communication is a major component of the course. Other components include theory and use of figurative language and reading poetry.

Alienation, overcrowding, sensory overload, homelessness, criminality, violence, loneliness, sprawl, blight. How have the realities of city living influenced literature's formal and thematic techniques? How useful is it to think of literature as its own kind of "map" of urban space? Are cities too grand, heterogeneous, and shifting to be captured by writers? In this seminar we will seek answers to these questions in key city literature, and in theoretical works that endeavor to understand the culture of cities.

The aim of this subject is to acquaint the student with some important works of systematic ethical philosophy and to bring to bear the viewpoint of those works on the study of classic works of literature. This subject will trace the history of ethical speculation in systematic philosophy by identifying four major positions: two from the ancient world and the two most important traditions of ethical philosophy since the renaissance. The two ancient positions will be represented by Plato and Aristotle, the two modern positions by Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. We will try to understand these four positions as engaged in a rivalry with one another, and we will also engage with the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes, which offers a bridge between ancient and modern conceptions and provides a source for the rivalry between the viewpoints of Kant and Mill. Further, we will be mindful that the modern positions are subject to criticism today by new currents of philosophical speculation, some of which argue for a return to the positions of Plato and Aristotle.

In this course we will cover central aspects of modern formal logic, beginning with an explanation of what constitutes good reasoning. Topics will include validity and soundness of arguments, formal derivations, truth-functions, translations to and from a formal language, and truth-tables. We will thoroughly cover sentential calculus and predicate logic, including soundness and completeness results.

This course begins with an introduction to the theory of computability, then proceeds to a detailed study of its most illustrious result: Kurt Gödel's theorem that, for any system of true arithmetical statements we might propose as an axiomatic basis for proving truths of arithmetic, there will be some arithmetical statements that we can recognize as true even though they don't follow from the system of axioms. In my opinion, which is widely shared, this is the most important single result in the entire history of logic, important not only on its own right but for the many applications of the technique by which it's proved. We'll discuss some of these applications, among them: Church's theorem that there is no algorithm for deciding when a formula is valid in the predicate calculus; Tarski's theorem that the set of true sentence of a language isn't definable within that language; and Gödel's second incompleteness theorem, which says that no consistent system of axioms can prove its own consistency.

Short Description:
It is important for students not only to get an appreciation and understanding of philosophy but also to be exposed to the very words and ideas of those who have shaped our thinking over the centuries. Accordingly, the title of this collection hints at the facts that these readings are from the original sources and that these philosophers were the originators of many of the issues we still discuss today.

Long Description:
It is important for students not only to get an appreciation and understanding of philosophy but also to be exposed to the very words and ideas of those who have shaped our thinking over the centuries. Accordingly, the title of this collection hints at the facts that these readings are from the original sources and that these philosophers were the originators of many of the issues we still discuss today.

Major areas of philosophy covered here are: Ethics, Epistemology, Metaphysics, Philosophy of Religion, Ethics, Socio-Political Philosophy, and finally, Aesthetics.

Word Count: 345914

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

The purpose of this OER is to take a deeper dive into Chapter 12, What is Race? What is Gender?, from Nortons Introduction to Philosophy and The Metaphysics of Gender by Elizabeth Barnes. This OER contains my interpretation of the reading. There is a PowerPoint that breaks down the text and where I add my interpration into the reading. There are screenshots and certain parts highlighted to show important parts and further break down her comments, as well there are questions at the end to help involve the viewer. Gender is a topic that is prevelant in our everyday lives and it's important to look at why we all don't fit into this one word box that defines who we are as people. 

Medieval and early modern Russia stood at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. In this course we will examine some of the native developments and foreign influences which most affected the course of Russian history. Particular topics include the rise of the Kievan State, the Mongol Yoke, the rise of Muscovy, Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great, relations with Western Europe. How did foreigners perceive Russia? How did those living in the Russian lands perceive foreigners? What social relations were developing between nobility and peasantry, town and country, women and men? What were the relations of each of these groups to the state? How did state formation come about in Kievan and Muscovite Russia? What were the political, religious, economic, and social factors affecting relations between state and society? In examining these questions we will consider a variety of sources including contemporary accounts (both domestic and foreign), legal and political documents, historical monographs and interpretive essays.

This seminar focuses on the cognitive science of moral reasoning. Philosophers debate how we decide which moral actions are permissible. Is it permissible to take one human life in order to save others? We have powerful and surprisingly rich and subtle intuitions to such questions.
In this class, you will learn how intuitions can be studied using formal analytical paradigms and behavioral experiments. Thursday evening, meet to learn about recent advances in theories of moral reasoning. Overnight, formulate a hypothesis about the structure of moral reasoning and design a questionnaire-based experiment to test this. Friday, present and select 1-2 proposals and collect data; we will then reconvene to analyze and discuss results and implications for the structure of the moral mind.
This course is offered during the Independent Activities Period (IAP), which is a special 4-week term at MIT that runs from the first week of January until the end of the month.

Weber on the Web is a project developed by sociology students at the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. The aim of the project is to collect quality information available on the Internet about Max Weber and Marianne Weber, German sociologists with a great influence on the discipline. This work is part of the course Founders of Sociology: Max Weber, taught at the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences.

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Weber en Web es un proyecto desarrollado por estudiantes de sociología de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. El objetivo del proyecto es recopilar información de calidad disponible en Internet acerca de Max Weber y Marianne Weber, sociólogos alemanes con una gran influencia en la disciplina. Este trabajo forma parte del curso Fundadores de la Sociología: Max Weber, impartido en la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales.

Short Description:
Mathematical Reasoning and Investigation is designed to help you develop the ability to use mathematics to solve the kinds of problems that don't come with answers in the back of the book. We like to think of it as a mathematics book for people who think they're not good at mathematics. The work will be useful for anyone wanting to develop their own skills in reasoning and problem solving using mathematics, and for teachers and preservice teachers hoping to help their students to develop these same skills.

Word Count: 36868

ISBN: 978-0-7300-0410-3

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

This book explores the philosophical views on the meaning of love. The text explores a variety of topics used to define love, including attraction, relationship satisfaction, emotional, and ethical considerations. The author takes a rational, logical, analytic, and scrutinizing look at experiences and other forms of literature on the subject of love.

Short Description:
Meditations on First Philosophy (1641)—full titles Meditations on First Philosophy, in which the existence of God and the immortality of the soul are demonstrated—is a philosophical treatise by French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes. First published in Latin, the book is made up of six meditations written as if Descartes had meditated for six days; each meditation refers to the last one as "yesterday." The author rejects all belief in things that are not absolutely certain and then attempts to establish what can be absolutely certain.

Long Description:
Meditations on First Philosophy (1641)—full titles Meditations on First Philosophy, in which the existence of God and the immortality of the soul are demonstrated—is a philosophical treatise by French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes. First published in Latin, the book is made up of six meditations written as if Descartes had meditated for six days; each meditation refers to the last one as “yesterday.” The author rejects all belief in things that are not absolutely certain and then attempts to establish what can be absolutely certain.

Word Count: 30979

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

This course considers a range of philosophical questions about the foundations of morality, such as whether and in what sense morality is objective, the nature of moral discourse, and how we can come to know right from wrong.

Metaethics from a First Person Standpoint addresses in a novel format the major topics and themes of contemporary metaethics, the study of the analysis of moral thought and judgement. Metathetics is less concerned with what practices are right or wrong than with what we mean by ‘right’ and ‘wrong.’
Looking at a wide spectrum of topics including moral language, realism and anti-realism, reasons and motives, relativism, and moral progress, this book engages students and general readers in order to enhance their understanding of morality and moral discourse as cultural practices. Catherine Wilson innovatively employs a first-person narrator to report step-by-step an individual’s reflections, beginning from a position of radical scepticism, on the possibility of objective moral knowledge. The reader is invited to follow along with this reasoning, and to challenge or agree with each major point. Incrementally, the narrator is led to certain definite conclusions about ‘oughts’ and norms in connection with self-interest, prudence, social norms, and finally morality. Scepticism is overcome, and the narrator arrives at a good understanding of how moral knowledge and moral progress are possible, though frequently long in coming.
Accessibly written, Metaethics from a First Person Standpoint presupposes no prior training in philosophy and is a must-read for philosophers, students and general readers interested in gaining a better understanding of morality as a personal philosophical quest.

This course is an introduction to many of the central issues in a branch of philosophy called philosophy of mind.

Mind the Gap encourages you to be mindful of that gap that takes place in various transitions in life: when you go away to college, travel to a foreign country, move to a new city, or start a new job. Until you start to feel at home in your new environment, you must negotiate feelings of discomfort. Mindfulness draws attention to your experience of transition, enabling you to cultivate an embodied presence, receptivity, and awareness of whatever arises in yourself and your surroundings, without judging or rejecting your experience. All too often, when we feel uncomfortable or unsettled, we immediately want to alleviate our feelings of discomfort by seeking comfort or distraction. When we do this, we rob ourselves of the opportunity to grow and develop in new ways.

Administração Como Filosofia de Vida

Short Description:
Administração Como Filosofia de Vida, Como Uma Postura Ética, Como Uma Missão na Vida de Realizar os Sonhos dos Outros.

Long Description:
Administradores possuem uma missão que transcende a organização construtiva de empreendimentos, desde empresas até ONGs. Uma missão de promover o bem estar social, ajudar o próximo e contribuir para a felicidade de todos. O lucro não é o objetivo de um administrador, mas sim permitir que pessoas estranhas entre si trabalhem num propósito comum e em harmonia. Reunidos em um livro, todos os artigos escritos nos últimos quatro anos sobre as funções do Administrador, publicados na Veja e no Blog Artigos Para se Pensar.

Word Count: 35112

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically as part of a bulk import process by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided. As a result, there may be errors in formatting.)

Modal logic is the logic of necessity and possibility, and by extension of analogously paired notions like validity and consistency, obligation and permission, the known and the not-ruled-out. This a first course in the area. A solid background in first-order logic is essential. Topics to be covered include (some or all of) the main systems of propositional modal logic, Kripkean "possible world" semantics, strict implication, contingent identity, intensional objects, counterpart theory, the logic of actuality, and deontic and / or epistemic logic. The emphasis will be more on technical methods and results than philosophical applications.

This course examines the modern definition of freedom, and the obligations that people accept in honoring it. It investigates how these obligations are captured in the principles of our political associations. This course also studies how the centrality of freedom plays out in the political thought of such authors as Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Burke and Montesquieu, as well as debating which notions of freedom inspire and sustain the American experiment by careful reading of the documents and arguments of the founding of the United States.
This course is part of the Concourse program at MIT.

Welcome to the A Modern Formal Logic Primer website. The Primer was published in 1989 by Prentice Hall, since acquired by Pearson Education. Pearson Education has allowed the Primer to go out of print and returned the copyright to the author. It is now available without charge for instructional and educational use.

Each volume is broken into individual chapters. And each volume has an associated solutions manual (the last item under each volume). There is a file with corrections to both the text and the answer manual. Also note a file with the diagrammatic summary of the rules that appeared on the inside cover of the published version of the primmer. All files are in Adobe Acrobat PDF 6 format. – they require version 6, or newer, of Adobe, which can be down loaded here. All files are fully searchable.

This work is based on the work of Walter Ott & Alex Dunn

Short Description:
This is a textbook (or better, a workbook) in modern philosophy. It combines readings from primary sources with two pedagogical tools. Paragraphs in italics introduce figures and texts. Numbered study questions (also in italics) ask students to reconstruct an argument or position from the text, or draw connections among the readings. The introductory chapter, Minilogic and Glossary, are designed to present the basic tools of philosophy and sketch some principles and positions.

Long Description:
Description from original book author Walter Ott

This is a textbook (or better, a workbook) in modern philosophy. It combines readings from primary sources with two pedagogical tools. Paragraphs in italics introduce figures and texts. Numbered study questions (also in italics) ask students to reconstruct an argument or position from the text, or draw connections among the readings. And I have added an introductory chapter (Chapter 0 – Minilogic and Glossary), designed to present the basic tools of philosophy and sketch some principles and positions.

The immediate goal is to encourage students to grapple with the ideas rather than passing their eyes over the texts. This makes for a better classroom experience and permits higher-level discussions.

Another goal is to encourage collaboration among instructors, as they revise and post their own versions of the book.

You’re invited to use the book in your courses.

This version of the Modern Philosophy textbook was created on August 28, 2013 as part of the BC Open Textbook project.

Word Count: 180248

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

This is a textbook (or better, a workbook) in modern philosophy. It combines readings from primary sources with two pedagogical tools. Paragraphs in italics introduce figures and texts. Numbered study questions (also in italics) ask students to reconstruct an argument or position from the text, or draw connections among the readings. And I have added an introductory chapter (Chapter 0 – Minilogic and Glossary), designed to present the basic tools of philosophy and sketch some principles and positions. The immediate goal is to encourage students to grapple with the ideas rather than passing their eyes over the texts. This makes for a better classroom experience and permits higher-level discussions. Another goal is to encourage collaboration among instructors, as they revise and post their own versions of the book.

This course will focus on issues that arise in contemporary public debate concerning matters of social justice. Topics will likely include: euthanasia, gay marriage, racism and racial profiling, free speech, hunger and global inequality. Students will be exposed to multiple points of view on the topics and will be given guidance in analyzing the moral frameworks informing opposing positions. The goal will be to provide the basis for respectful and informed discussion of matters of common moral concern.

" This course will focus on issues that arise in contemporary public debate concerning matters of social justice. Topics will likely include: euthanasia, gay marriage, racism and racial profiling, free speech, hunger and global inequality. Students will be exposed to multiple points of view on the topics and will be given guidance in analyzing the moral frameworks informing opposing positions. The goal will be to provide the basis for respectful and informed discussion of matters of common moral concern."

This course is an examination of philosophical theories of action and motivation in the light of empirical findings from social psychology, sociology, and neuroscience. Topics include belief, desire, and moral motivation; sympathy and empathy; intentions and other committing states; strength of will and weakness of will; free will; addiction and compulsion; guilt, shame and regret; evil; self-knowledge and self-deception; and, virtues and character traits.
This course is a CI-M course.

This course introduces students to the basic concepts and methods of moral and political philosophy. Its primary focus is on the development of moral reasoning skills and the application of those skills to contemporary social and political issues. Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: Discuss several major theories of justice and morality, including utilitarianism, libertarianism, social contract theory, deontology, and the ethics/politics of virtue; Demonstrate how moral and political dilemmas are handled differently by each set of theoretical principles; Develop their analytical skills through interpreting the consequences of various moral principles and revising principles to correspond with their own conceptions of justice; Discuss the relationship between morality and politics; Formulate their own positions concerning moral and political principles, especially in regards to particular issues discussed in this course; Discuss the origins of western democratic politics and constitutional government; Address a range of difficult and controversial moral and political issues, including murder, the income tax, corporate cost-benefit analysis, lying, affirmative action, and same-sex marriage. (Philosophy 103)

This is an Online Educational Resource to help students learn how to break down readings to understand them better.  This is based off PHIL 1000 OL1 at the University of Colorado, Colorado Springs.  It shows an example discussion and ways to break down sentences/quotes from the readings.  There are also tips that might be helpful when taking an online class.  

This course is an introduction to problems about creativity as it pervades human experience and behavior. Questions about imagination and innovation are studied in relation to the history of philosophy as well as more recent work in philosophy, affective psychology, cognitive studies, and art theory. Readings and guidance are aligned with the student's focus of interest.

Where do rights come from? In this lecture, Dr. Bill Glod of the Institute for Humane Studies explains the two approaches that philosophers use to derive rights, consequential and deontological, and their ability to provide a strong argument in favor of rights.

Short Description:
The Nicomachean Ethics (circa 322 BC) is an ethical treatise by Aristotle. In the text, Aristotle offers a defence of the idea of eudaimonism (human flourishing or happiness) which is achieved as a result of human choice in search of excellence and the good life.

Long Description:
The Nicomachean Ethics (circa 322 BC) is an ethical treatise by Aristotle. In the text, Aristotle offers a defence of the idea of eudaimonism (human flourishing or happiness) which is achieved as a result of human choice in search of excellence and the good life.

Word Count: 91976

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

Excerpted primary texts from the East Asian philosophical traditions, including: Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, Shinto, Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, Sikhism, and historical Zoroastrianism.

This course addresses the philosophical question of what a non-violent life entails. It investigates its ethical dimensions and challenges, and considers whether we can derive a comprehensive moral theory from the principle of non-violence. In addition, it discusses the issues of lying, the duty to forgive, non-violent communication, the ethics of our relationship to anger, the possibility of loving enemies, and the ethics of punishment and rehabilitation. Readings are included from primary exponents of non-violence, such as Tolstoy, Gandhi, and King.
This course is part of the Experimental Study Group at MIT.

An OER Ethics Reader contains several foundational philosophical readings in the area of ethics. Readers will trace the historical progression of ethics from as early as Confucius and as late as John Stuart Mill. The PDF is a carefully-edited volume that is easily navigable with bookmarks and an interactive table of contents.

Boîte à outils pédagogiques pour l'enseignement de l'éthique. Élaboré par des chercheurs/euses et enseignant.e.s en éthique de l'UCLouvain, ce site a pour vocation de rassembler toutes sortes d’outils pédagogiques utiles à l’enseignement de l’éthique, tels que : des fiches conceptuelles, des idées d'activités, des techniques d'animation, une banque de cas éthiques, des conseils pédagogiques divers, des ressources bibliographiques, sitographiques et vidéo.

t si le choix entre l'heure d'été et l'heure d'hiver (comme les états-membres de l'UE vont devoir le faire d'ici avril) présentait des enjeux de justice sociale ?
Si on simplifiait le débat par l'opposition entre une heure de plus de clarté le soir pour les amateurs de bière en terrasse ou une heure de clarté en plus le matin pour les travailleurs matinaux, comment trancher entre ces intérêts contradictoires ?
Nous verrons comment des théories de la justice comme l'utilitarisme et le libéral-égalitarisme répondent à cette question.

Selon le libertarisme, la justice consiste à garantir l'exercice de la liberté individuelle par un système cohérent de droits de propriété. Si la variante "de droite", la plus influente politiquement, permet de justifier une version radicale de capitalisme de laissez-faire, nous verrons également qu'il existe un libertarisme de gauche, plus influent dans le débat académique, qui soutient des conclusions égalitaristes en se fondant sur l'idée d'un droit égal de chaque être humain aux ressources de la Terre.
Nous discuterons principalement de la tentative la plus aboutie d'articuler une théorie éthique libertarienne par l'auteur étatsunien Robert Nozick, dans son livre Anarchy, State & Utopia. Nous verrons en quoi les libertariens présente leur théorie comme une réponse à la fois à l'utilitarisme et au libéral-égalitarisme, qui ne respecteraient pas suffisamment la dignité fondamentale de chaque être humain.
Nous finirons par discuter l'attractivité du libertarisme comme théorie de la justice, en se posant en particulier la question de savoir si la liberté de choix défendue par les libertariens correspond à nos intuitions sur ce que devrait être une société libre.

Même si Marx était très critique envers l'idée même de justice, on peut interpréter le projet éthique implicite du marxisme comme visant l'abolition de deux injustices inhérentes au capitalisme : l'exploitation et l'aliénation. En nous inspirant de l'école du Marxisme analytique (G.A. Cohen, Jon Elster, John Roemer) nous discuterons ces deux idées et verrons en quoi elles peuvent continuer de guider nos réflexions contemporaines sur la justice. Nous expliquerons d'abord la raison des réticences de Marx et Engels envers la philosophie normative par leur critiques des socialistes "utopiques" (comme Charles Fourier), et un bref exposé du projet marxisme d'élaborer un socialisme scientifique (matérialisme dialectique et matérialisme historique). Nous discuterons enfin ce que pourrait être les principes de justice d'une théorie éthique Marxiste centrée sur l'abolition de l'exploitation et de l'aliénation, qui nous amènera à clarifier la différence entre le stade du "socialisme" et du "communisme". Nous discuterons l'actualité de la critique de l'aliénation en lien avec la critique des "bullshit jobs" avancée par le sociologue David Graeber.

La théorie de la justice de John Rawls, qui a fondé la grande famille du "libéral-égalitarisme", est certainement une des plus influentes théories éthiques aujourd'hui. Une des ambitions radicales de cette théorie est de compenser non seulement l'influence de l'origine sociale, mais également celle de la répartition naturelle des talents. Nous présenterons deux arguments en faveur des principes de justice : premièrement, l'expérience de pensée bien connue dite du "voile d'ignorance", et deuxièmement un argument plus méconnu sur le caractère arbitraire de la "loterie naturelle". Nous présenterons les trois principes de justice de Rawls (égale liberté, égalité équitable des chances, et principe de différence), et nous lèverons certains malentendus, en voyant notamment en quoi l'égalitarisme du Maxi-min (principe de différence) se distingue d'une hypothèse empirique sur l'efficacité des inégalités (théorie du ruissellement).

Comment lutter contre le Coronavirus : faut-il maintenir un confinement généralisé, même dans la durée, comme dans la plupart des pays d'Europe de l'Ouest ? Ou bien faut-il surtout compter sur l'immunité collective comme l'ont (un temps) suggéré le Royaume-Uni, les Pays-Bas ou la Suède ? Dans les deux cas, lutter contre cette pandémie de COVID-19 passera forcément par des choix douloureux, qu'on va discuter dans cette vidéo. Nous discuterons les pistes de réponses qu'un raisonnement utilitariste/conséquentialiste peut donner à ces dilemmes, en envisageant notamment la question difficile des systèmes de pistage/traçage du virus par géolocalisation comme mis en oeuvre en Corée du Sud, qui pose de nombreux problèmes de protection de la vie privée.

Dans cette vidéo on va parler de la théorie utilitariste, issue d'auteurs comme Jeremy Bentham ou John Stuart Mill, selon laquelle la justice consiste à maximiser le bien-être agrégé.

Quels patients sauver en situation de pénurie ? Dans cette pandémie de Coronavirus, certains pays comme l'Italie ont dû faire face à une explosion de la courbe de l'épidémie, saturant la capacité de leur système de santé. Dans ce genre de situation d'urgence et de rareté des ressources, les médecins en unité de soins intensifs doivent prendre des décisions tragiques : qui pourra bénéficier d'un des rares lits et respirateurs disponibles ? Et qui faudra-t-il laisser mourir ? Dans cette vidéo participative, on va réfléchir ensemble aux différents critères éthiques pour trier les patients dans le contexte d'une pandémie, dans l'attente du développement d'une immunité collective au Covid-19. On contrastera en particulier les réponses issues de l'utilitarisme ou de l'égalitarisme sur cette question.

Robert Nozick was one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century, but according to Professor Chris Freiman of the College of William and Mary, he is frequently misunderstood. In this lecture, Professor Freiman gives an overview of Nozick’s political philosophy.

The lesson looks at some sources about the Beautiful and the Sublime. The goal is to then figure out what significance this distinction carries.

This is a module designed to help you understand the Ontological Argument and its creator St. Anselm of Canterbury. 

The Digital Theological Library provides free high-quality content (scholarly articles, theses, ebooks, book chapters, images, newspapers, manuscripts, and more) in religious studies and related disciplines from institutional repositories, publisher websites, scholarly societies, archives, digital collections, including the Library of Congress Digital Collections, the Vatican Library's digitized collections, Australian Islamic Library, Encyclopedia Iranica, and many more.

This Open Educational Resources site will complement textbooks and lectures with obvious information gaps. An extension of regular learning content. For example, you can accompany the text with multimedia materials such as videos. By presenting information in multiple formats, students can more easily learn the material being taught.

The Open Logic Text is an open textbook on mathematical logic aimed at a non-mathematical audience, intended for advanced logic courses as taught in many philosophy departments. It is open-source: you can download the LaTeX code. It is open: you’re free to change it whichever way you like, and share your changes. It is collaborative: a team of people is working on it, using the GitHub platform, and we welcome contributions and feedback. And it is written with configurability in mind.

Short Description:
It is important for students not only to get an appreciation and understanding of philosophy but also to be exposed to the very words and ideas of those who have shaped our thinking over the centuries. Accordingly, the title of this collection hints at the facts that these readings are from the original sources and that these philosophers were the originators of many of the issues we still discuss today.

Long Description:
It is important for students not only to get an appreciation and understanding of philosophy but also to be exposed to the very words and ideas of those who have shaped our thinking over the centuries. Accordingly, the title of this collection hints at the facts that these readings are from the original sources and that these philosophers were the originators of many of the issues we still discuss today.

Major areas of philosophy covered here are: Ethics, Epistemology, Metaphysics, Philosophy of Religion, Ethics, Socio-Political Philosophy, and finally, Aesthetics.

Word Count: 308669

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

Short Description:
It is important for students not only to get an appreciation and understanding of philosophy but also to be exposed to the very words and ideas of those who have shaped our thinking over the centuries. Accordingly, the title of this collection hints at the facts that these readings are from the original sources and that these philosophers were the originators of many of the issues we still discuss today.

Long Description:
It is important for students not only to get an appreciation and understanding of philosophy but also to be exposed to the very words and ideas of those who have shaped our thinking over the centuries. Accordingly, the title of this collection hints at the facts that these readings are from the original sources and that these philosophers were the originators of many of the issues we still discuss today.

Major areas of philosophy covered here are: Ethics, Epistemology, Metaphysics, Philosophy of Religion, Ethics, Socio-Political Philosophy, and finally, Aesthetics.

Word Count: 308669

(Note: This resource's metadata has been created automatically by reformatting and/or combining the information that the author initially provided as part of a bulk import process.)

It is important for students not only to get an appreciation and understanding of philosophy but also to be exposed to the very words and ideas of those who have shaped our thinking over the centuries. Accordingly, the title of this collection hints at the facts that these readings are from the original sources and that these philosophers were the originators of many of the issues we still discuss today. Major areas of philosophy covered here are: Ethics, Epistemology, Metaphysics, Philosophy of Religion, Ethics, Socio-Political Philosophy, and finally, Aesthetics.

This course is an 8 Module:Introductory study of critical thinking and logic, with emphasis on argumentation, rhetoric, andproblem-solving.Examination of language, meaning, definition, fallacies, and arguments as theyoccur in academic and real-world settings (with an emphasis on online communication, media,and digital environments).Application of logic and critical thinking strategies to contemporaryissues and practical problem solving. 

This course is an 8 Module:Investigation of ethical problems and solutions in contemporary business practice.Examination ethical theories and how to correctly use ethical decision-making frameworks to resolve issues dealing with personal, social, environmental, and corporate responsibility.Analysis of topics including personal morality in profit-oriented enterprises; codes of ethics; obligations to employees and other stakeholders; truth in advertising; whistleblowing and company loyalty; self and government regulation; the logic and future of capitalism; the changing responsibilities of the manager; and the need for awareness of social justice in management and business activities.

An exploration of complex contemporary ethical problems from healthcare, the environment, and bioethics. Issues include problems of drugs and addiction, stigma toward people with disabilities, terminal illness and chronic health needs, resource allocation in times of disaster, infectious diseases, gene editing, and humans’ relationship with their environment. Classical and contemporary ethical theories, moral theories, and the fundamentals of scientific integrity will be applied to make principled, defensible, moral judgments.

This is a collection of OER readings in philosophical ethics: readings having either a CC (creative commons) license or a public domain mark. The collection aims to be comprehensive enough to suit the different teaching interests of different ethics instructors: it is a “choose your own adventure” sort of textbook. As there are hundreds of different and about equally good ways to introduce philosophy to students, there are hundreds of different and about equally good ways to introduce ethics to students. There is a vast range of topics, readings, concepts, and questions that an introductory ethics course could cover, and here I sought to curate freely accessible readings that collectively cover most of that range, while prioritizing topics that are most covered in introductory ethics courses, such as moral relativism and utilitarianism.

Para Todxs: Natal é um livro didático completo sobre lógica formal. Ele aborda noções fundamentais como consequência lógica e validade de argumentos, a sintaxe da lógica proposicional verofuncional (LVF) e a semântica de tabelas-verdade, a sintaxe da lógica de predicados de primeira ordem (LPO) com identidade (interpretações de primeira ordem), traduções (formalizações) do português para LVF e LPO, além de sistemas de prova em dedução natural (estilo Fitch) para LVF e LPO. Também são abordados alguns tópicos mais avançados, como a correção da LVF e uma introdução à lógica modal. O livro está disponível em PDF otimizado para visualização em tela, com links coloridos. Todos os arquivos fonte em LaTeX estão disponíveis, e podem ser também utilizados para gerar uma outra versão PDF otimizada para impressão. Posteriormente, versões especiais para visualização em tela de dispositivos eletrônicos, versões em folha preta, uma versão com fonte especial para disléxicos, além de um caderno com as soluções dos exercícios também serão produzidos. Um editor/verificador de provas para o sistema usado no livro está disponível online em andersonnakano.hyperphp.com, em versão traduzida ao português por Anderson Luis Nakano do editor original disponível em Open Logic Project.

This course presents highlights of the more technical side of philosophy. It studies a cluster of puzzles, paradoxes, and intellectual wonders — from the higher infinite to Gödel's Theorem — and discusses their philosophical implications.

Perseus is an evolving digital library, engineering interactions through time, space, and language. Our primary goal is to bring a wide range of source materials to as large an audience as possible. We anticipate that greater accessibility to the sources for the study of the humanities will strengthen the quality of questions, lead to new avenues of research, and connect more people through the connection of ideas.

As an “applied ethics” course, the goal is to help you understand the role that ethical (and other) values play in our lives, and how argumentation that involves values both depends on and differs from reasoning about non-evaluative matters. For even if agreement about matters of value is sometimes challenging, it is possible to think critically in ethical matters and to have better and worse arguments for our beliefs. Gaining proficiency in this sort of critical thinking isn’t just an academic need — it will help you understand and engage the world around you and be able to resist those who either intentionally or unintentionally would deceive you. This course is driven by concrete scenarios and real-world issues we face today, but it is framed by 2500 years of Western philosophy and the conceptual and analytical tools developed in this tradition. Thus, the course provides a good introduction to philosophy, and it will hopefully encourage some of you to pursue further study within the philosophy department.