Until the 20th century the country abided by the laissez-faire policy, which required a free market with little intervention from government. With the Great Depression came Keynesian economics, or the opposite belief that the government should manage the economy. Today, United States economic policy lies somewhere in between åÑ government should regulate and sometimes manage, but should allow a free market whenever possible. Political and business leaders disagree on how much control is enough.

This course draws on a wide range of perspectives to explore the roots of long term competitive advantage in unusually successful firms. Using a combination of cases, simulations, readings and, most importantly, lively discussion, the course will explore the ways in which long term advantage is built from first mover advantage, increasing returns, and unique organizational competencies. We will focus particularly on the ways in which the actions of senior management build competitive advantage over time, and on the strategic implications of understanding the roots of a firm's success.

This course provides a deep understanding of engineering systems at a level intended for research on complex engineering systems. It provides a review and extension of what is known about system architecture and complexity from a theoretical point of view while examining the origins of and recent developments in the field. The class considers how and where the theory has been applied, and uses key analytical methods proposed. Students examine the level of observational (qualitative and quantitative) understanding necessary for successful use of the theoretical framework for a specific engineering system. Case studies apply the theory and principles to engineering systems.

***LOGIN REQUIRED*** Students will learn about agricultural business operation and management. Topics will include accounting, finance, economics, business organization, marketing, and sales. Students will learn about agricultural business operation and management. Topics will include accounting, finance, economics, business organization, marketing, and sales.

Overview of airline management decision processes, with a focus on economic issues and their relationship to operations planning models and decision support tools. Application of economic models of demand, pricing, costs, and supply to airline markets and networks. Examination of industry practice and emerging methods for fleet planning, route network design, scheduling, pricing and revenue management, with emphasis on the interactions between the components of airline management and profit objectives in competitive environments. Students participate in a competitive airline management simulation game as part of the subject requirements.

Explores how organizations can use system dynamics to achieve important goals. Student teams work with client managers to tackle the clients' most pressing issues. Students discuss experiences with their clients, and learn modeling and consulting skills they need to be effective. Focus on gaining practical insight from the system dynamics process. Projects are sponsored by diverse organizations from a range of industries and sizes from start-ups to the Fortune 500.

Develops facility with concepts, language, and analytical tools of economics. Covers microeconomics, macroeconomics, and international trade and payments. Emphasizes integration of theory, data, and judgment in the analysis of corporate decisions and public policy, and in the assessment of changing US and international business environments. Restricted to Sloan Fellows. The fact of scarcity forces individuals, firms, and societies to choose among alternative uses -- or allocations -- of its limited resources. Accordingly, the first part of this summer course seeks to understand how economists model the choice process of individual consumers and firms, and how markets work to coordinate these choices. It also examines how well markets perform this function using the economist's criterion of market efficiency. Overall, this course focuses on microeconomics, with some topics from macroeconomics and international trade. It emphasizes the integration of theory, data, and judgment in the analysis of corporate decisions and public policy, and in the assessment of changing U.S. and international business environments.

This course provides a step by step guide on how to build a balanced scorecard. The course describes the development process and includes examples of actual balanced scorecards. Supplemental materials, such as excel spreadsheets, are also available. Course Level: Intermediate - An overall understanding of business and strategic planning is useful for fully understanding this course. Recommended for 2.0 hours of CPE. Course Method: Inter-active self study with audio clips, self-grading exam, and certificate of completion.

Here you can find web lectures discussing different aspects of health systems thinking.The first lecture is about the WHO health system building blocks, outlining this theoretical framework compromising of Leadership/Governance, Health workforce, Medical technologies, Financing, Information and Service delivery.The second lecture gives a historical background to the development and thinking aboiut health systems, outlining the different approaches over the past decades.The third lecture is on health financing and how this can be organised.The web lectures can be used seperately or as a package. You will also find pdf-files with the correponding powerpoint presentations

Lean thinking, as well as associated processes and tools, have involved into a ubiquitous perspective for improving systems particularly in the manufacturing arena. With application experience has come an understanding of the boundaries of lean capabilities and the benefits of getting beyond these boundaries to further improve performance. Discrete event simulation is recognized as one beyond-the-boundaries of lean technique. Thus, the fundamental goal of this text is to show how discrete event simulation can be used in addition to lean thinking to achieve greater benefits in system improvement than with lean alone. Realizing this goal requires learning the problems that simulation solves as well as the methods required to solve them. The problems that simulation solves are captured in a collection of case studies. These studies serve as metaphors for industrial problems that are commonly addressed using lean and simulation.

The defining challenge facing business leaders is to develop and drive performance into the future.
For commercial firms, this generally means building profits and growing the value of the business.
Although their focus may be on non-financial outcomes, public services, voluntary groups, and other
not-for-profit organizations share the same central challenge—continually improving their
performance. When the causes of performance through time are not understood, management has
difficulty making the right decisions about important issues. Worse, entire organizations are led into
ill-chosen strategies for their future.
To overcome these problems, leaders need the means to answer three basic questions:
1. Why is business performance following its current path?
2. Where are current policies, decisions, and strategy leading us?
3. How can future prospects be improved?
These questions are the starting point for this book.

The goal of this chapter is to plan, build, and maintain external school partnerships to foster the growth of special needs students. An emphasis will be placed on building and managing these relationships so they encourage social values and goals of the school, business and community.

An intensive one-week introduction to leadership, teams, and learning communities. Introduction of concepts and use of a variety of experiential exercises to develop individual and team skills and develop supportive relationships within the Fellows class.

Uses a case approach to develop a framework for business analysis. Provides students with tools for business analysis, including strategic, accounting, financial, and prospective analysis. Concepts are then applied to a number of decision-making contexts, such as credit analysis, investor communications, merger analysis, financial policy decisions, and securities analysis. From the Course Description: Course Description The purpose of this class is to advance your understanding of how to use financial information to value and analyze firms. We will apply your economics/accounting/finance skills to problems from today's business news to help us understand what is contained in financial reports, why firms report certain information, and how to be a sophisticated user of this information.

Confucian values of trustworthiness, self-criticism, and dignity can provide resources for Westerners doing business in China. Kirk O. Hanson, executive director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, interviews Stephan Rothlin, general secretary of the Center for International Business Ethics in Beijing.

Liu Baocheng, executive director of the Center for International Business Ethics, talks with Kirk O. Hanson, executive director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics about the developing regulatory regime in China. Liu argues that the priority for China right now is to bring products up to safety and standards. They also discuss different cultural attitudes toward gifts and bribes.

Students in introductory Management Information Systems (MIS) courses often ask what a career in MIS looks like. Lacking a clear vision, they make their own assumptions. Often they assume the career involves programming with little human interaction. That MIS is a technical field could not be further from the truth. MIS job descriptions typically require candidates to be able to collaborate, communicate, analyze needs and gather requirements. They also list the need for excellent written and communication skills. In other words, MIS workers are constantly interacting with other people both inside and outside the organization. They are coming up with creative solutions to business problems. Business Information Systems by Frost, Pike, Kenyo and Pels is designed to help students get a feel for what a career in MIS would be like. The authors' students report that they learn more about information systems from their internships than from their IS courses. Consequently, they designed a book that looks very much like an internship--an introduction to the field followed by a substantial project. The authors begin Unit 1 by introducing the information systems landscape. The unit kicks off with a discussion of all the usual suspects: the information systems triangle, the systems development life cycle, transaction systems (ERP, SCM, CRM), collaboration systems, and business intelligence systems. Other aspects of the landscape such as usability, outsourcing, database concepts and so forth are introduced throughout a chapter in unit 2 where they fit in naturally with the flow of the project. Unit 2 is the substantial project which runs over a number of chapters. Students will plan, build, and develop a proposal for an iPhone application. They will develop a very realistic mockup. They also build a website to help market and support the app. Students are engaged because the project is fun and feels real. However, they are simultaneously learning business concepts and MIS skills. With Designing Information Systems, even as freshmen, you can give your students an experience that emulates MIS in operation. Business Information Systems: Design an App for That by Frost, Pike, Kenyo and Pels is a text that will help students learn Information Systems by doing Management Information Systems. Request a desk copy or examine the book online now to see how this text might work in your course or department.

We know that culture guides the way people behave in society as a whole. But culture also plays a key role in organisations, which have their own unique set of values, beliefs and ways of doing business. This unit explores the concepts of national and org

Introductory survey of quantitative methods (QM), or the application of statistics in the workplace. Examines techniques for gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data in any number of fieldsĺÎĺ from anthropology to hedge fund management.

A discussion of the UN's "Protect-Respect-Remedy Framework" for companies and governments addressing human rights issues.

This task was developed by high school and postsecondary mathematics and agriculture sciences educators, and validated by content experts in the Common Core State Standards in mathematics and the National Career Clusters Knowledge & Skills Statements. It was developed with the purpose of demonstrating how the Common Core and CTE Knowledge & Skills Statements can be integrated into classroom learning - and to provide classroom teachers with a truly authentic task for either mathematics or CTE courses.

This task was developed by high school and postsecondary mathematics and agriculture sciences educators, and validated by content experts in the Common Core State Standards in mathematics and the National Career Clusters Knowledge & Skills Statements. It was developed with the purpose of demonstrating how the Common Core and CTE Knowledge & Skills Statements can be integrated into classroom learning - and to provide classroom teachers with a truly authentic task for either mathematics or CTE courses.

SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Café Antonio in Los Baños, Laguna

with
MR. JABEZ FLORES
Owner, Café Antonio in Los Baños, Laguna

Part of the 100 MASTER VOICES series
an EMERGING INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH (EIDR) Project
of the University of the Philippines Open University
under the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs

If you've ever been involved in campaigning for change, you probably know that getting the desired result is much harder than it seems. Moreover, the decision to campaign on a particular issue can expose tensions and cracks within an organisation itself.

The VUMA! Careers space contains information and news on tons of careers, including general information, university information, news, links and more.

The VUMA! Careers space contains information and news on tons of careers, including general information, university information, news, links and more

How do individuals and families interface with larger systems, and how do therapists intervene collaboratively? How do larger systems structure the lives of individuals and families? Relationally-trained practitioners are attempting to answer these questions through collaborative and interdisciplinary, team-focused projects in mental health, education, the law, and business, among other fields. Similarly, scholars and researchers are developing specific culturally responsive models: outreach family therapy, collaborative health care, multi-systemic school interventions, social-justice-oriented and spiritual approaches, organizational coaching, and consulting, among others. This course explores these developments and aims at developing a clinical and consulting knowledge that contributes to families, organizations, and communities within a collaborative and social-justice-oriented vision.

This course aims to develop negotiation skills by active participation in a variety of negotiation settings, and a series of integrative bargaining cases between two and more than two parties over multiple issues. Ethical dilemmas in negotiation are discussed at various times throughout the course.

Liu Baocheng, executive director of the Center for International Business Ethics, talks with Kirk O. Hanson, executive director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, about what businesses owe to the larger community. In China, Liu explains, businesses think about the Three P's: Responsibility for People, Planet, and Profit.

CHALLENGE FOUR is to translate your (and other people's) complaints and criticisms into specific requests, and explain the positive outcomes envisioned in your requests. In order to get more cooperation from others, whenever possible ask for what you want by using specific, action-oriented, positive language rather than by using generalizations, "why's," "don'ts" or "somebody should's." Help your listeners comply by explaining your requests with a "so that...", "it would help me to... if you would..." or "in order to..." Also, when you are receiving criticism and complaints from others, translate and restate the complaints as action requests.

The introduction of Business Communication for Success, the textbook used throughout this course, notes that Ň[E]ffective communication takes preparation, practice, and persistence. There are many ways to learn communication skills; the school of experience, or Ôhard knocks,Ő is one of them. But in the business environment, a ÔknockŐ (or lesson learned) may come at the expense of your credibility through a blown presentation to a client.Ó Effective communication skills are a prerequisite for succeeding in business. Communication tools and activities connect people within and beyond the organization in order to establish the businessŐs place in the corporate community and the social community, and as a result, that communication needs to be consistent, effective, and customized for the business to prosper. Business Communication for Success provides theories and practical information that represent the heart of this course, while additional resources are included to expand or pose alternatives to the approaches chosen in the textbook. You will receive maximum benefits from this course if you complete the readings first and then use the additional resources to fill in the blanks and/or reconsider the topics in the textbook.

Liu Baocheng, executive director of the Center for International Business Ethics, talks with Kirk O. Hanson, executive director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, to discuss the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and cultural differences in understanding about corruption. Gift exchange has always been regarded as a virtue in China, but the two distinguish between gift giving and quid pro quo corruption.

This course introduces managers and other professionals working in the nonprofit sector to Value Based Management. The course attempts to establish a common framework for how nonprofit's and non-governmental organizations can apply Value Based Management in such areas as Strategic Planning, Resource Development, Leadership, and Performance Measurement. Course Level: Intermediate - A good understanding of business concepts is useful for fully understanding this course. A review of other Short Courses is also recommended since this course covers topics that may be covered in greater deal in another short course. Recommended for 2.0 hours of CPE. Course Method: Inter-active self study with audio clips, self-grading exam, and certificate of completion.

Businesses are increasingly making explicit their commitment to dealing with ethical concerns. This unit explores the business case for an ethical approach to human resources management and examines whether a more 'human-centred' approach can bring dividends, and how an ethical approach fits within an organisation's strategy.

Opportunity for group study by graduate students on current topics related to management not otherwise included in curriculum.

This guide explains the different organizational patterns or structures used in a Professional Science Master’s management report and a Professional Science Master’s technical report.

Can a Western company take its existing ethics code to China? Yes, but... Kirk O. Hanson, executive director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, interviews Stephan Rothlin, general secretary of the Center for International Business Ethics in Beijing.

This class surveys developmental entrepreneurship via case examples of both successful and failed businesses and generally grapples with deploying and diffusing products and services through entrepreneurial action. By drawing on live and historical cases, especially from South Asia, Africa, Latin America as well as Eastern Europe, China, and other developing regions, we seek to cover the broad spectrum of challenges and opportunities facing developmental entrepreneurs. Finally, we explore a range of established and emerging business models as well as new business opportunities enabled by developmental technologies developed in MIT labs and beyond.

This Book Will Be Helpful to:

Managers-
This book is aimed primarily at those who are responsible for implementing accessibility at an organizational level. These people tend to be managers, but may also be accessibility specialists, whose role it is to oversee the implementation of accessibility strategies and awareness throughout an organization.

Web Developers-
Web developers may also wish to read this book to expand their understanding of the organizational aspects of implementing accessibility, extending their role as an IT accessibility specialist, often being the person who leads the implementation of accessibility culture in an organization.

Everyone Else-
While managers and web developers are the primary audience for this book, anyone who has an interest in the aspects of implementing accessibility culture in an organization will find this book informative.

Introduces the process of social research, emphasizing the conceptualization of research choices to ensure validity, relevance, and discovery. Includes research design and techniques of data collection as well as issues in the understanding, analysis, and interpretation of data. This course is designed to lay the foundations of good empirical research in the social sciences. It does not deal with specific techniques per se, but rather with the assumptions and the logic underlying social research. Students become acquainted with a variety of approaches to research design, and are helped to develop their own research projects and to evaluate the products of empirical research.

A large proportion of contemporary research on organizations, strategy, innovation and management relies on quantitative research methods. Subject examines the research process as the goal is to help students understand the relationship between theory, data and statistical methods. It is designed to provide an introduction to some of the most commonly used quantitative techniques, including logit/probit models, count models, event history models, and pooled cross-section techniques.

Jim O'Toole, senior business ethics fellow at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University, explores doing business in China and the United States, with guest Leslie Yuen, CEO, Globalized Training. Major challenges for Chinese companies in the U.S. and vice versa, include understanding the local culture and playing by the rules. In terms of ethics, the U.S. has hundreds of years of business experience, while businesses in China really only started booming in the late 70's, adding to the learning and maturity "curve." With increased globalization, there will be more collaboration between China and the U.S. in the future. Yuen offers advice for U.S. businesses establishing themselves in China and examples of companies currently developing their businesses in both countries. He reviews criteria for success.

Jim O'Toole, senior fellow in business ethics, Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, interviews Carson Block, research director, Muddywaters, (a company whose name is taken from Chinese proverb - "Muddy waters make it easy to catch fish.") Block handles fraudulent companies and investigations, and his business focuses primarily on Chinese companies doing business in the U.S. His business model - not without controversy- is to short sell company stock for businesses on the brink. The company's reports and research are released to the public. Many companies, including those in China, can appear too good to be true, and they often are. On the other hand, investors need to take responsibility for their investments.

Focuses on the role of the business improvement district (BID) as a popular and contemporary tool for urban revitalization. Explores BID origins, theoretical underpinnings, enabling legislation, and organizational issues. Emphasizes BID service provision including advocacy, marketing, sanitation, streetscape improvement, security and transportation, while examining BID performance using such indicators as crime rates, vacancy rates, and retail sales. Considers BID organizations throughout North America as well as comparable schemes in Australia, Holland, Japan, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. This course focuses on the origins, functions, and implications of downtown management organizations (DMOs), such as business improvement districts, in a variety of national contexts including the United States, Canada, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. It critically examines how a range of urban theories provide a rationale for the establishment and design of DMOs; the evolution and transnational transfer of DMO policy; and the spatial and political externalities associated with the local proliferation of DMOs. Particular emphasis is given to the role of DMOs in securing public space.

The first two weeks of this course are an overview of performing improvisation with introductory and advanced exercises in the techniques of improvisation. The final four weeks focus on applying these concepts in business situations to practice and mastering these improvisation tools in leadership learning.

Examines the long term effects of information technology on business strategy in the real estate and construction industry. Considerations include: supply chain, allocation of risk, impact on contract obligations and security, trends toward consolidation, and the convergence of information transparency and personal effectiveness. Resources are drawn from the world of dot.com entrepreneurship and "old economy" responses. Taught by case study method and grading is based on class participation and papers.

The goal of this article is to describe specific aspects regarding the use of e-marketing tools as a factor influencing the perception of the image of a higher education institution among its target groups. The article draws on primary data acquired through surveying respondents with the use of a questionnaire. More specifically, the analysis is based on 400 responses given by students at the Faculty of management - University of Prešov in Prešov. The crux of the article consists in examining the opinions of the respondents, concentrating on selected website elements such as design, clarity, content quality, inclusion of social elements and on selected e-marketing tools such as a Blog, Microsite, Q&A / FAQ portal, E-mail newsletter, Wiki, Online publications / eBooks, Live chat, and Mobile application. The research results have shown that there is a significant correlation between the perception of the overall image of the faculty and the evaluation of individual elements of the faculty website. The hypothesis that there is a significant correlation between the students’ attitude towards the necessity to use new e-marketing tools and the expressed evaluation of the faculty's image has not been confirmed.

This piece discusses the differences between EQ and IQ - discussing the research available, what signs people with a high EQ have, and does an IQ score dictate success in life.

15.010 is the Sloan School's core subject in microeconomics, with sections for non-Sloan students labeled 15.011. Our objective is to give you a working knowledge of the analytical tools that bear most directly on the economic decisions firms must regularly make. We will emphasize market structure and industrial performance, including the strategic interaction of firms. We will examine the behavior of individual markets--and the producers and consumers that sell and buy in those markets--in some detail, focusing on cost analysis, the determinants of market demand, pricing strategy, market power, and the implications of government regulatory policies. We will also examine the implications of economics on other business practices, such as incentive plans, auctions, and transfer pricing.

The Economics of Information provides an analysis of the underlying economics of information with management implications. It studies the effects of digitization and technology on industry, organizational structure, and business strategy, and examines pricing, bundling, and versioning of digital goods, including music, video, software, and communication services. In addition, the course considers the managerial implications of social networks, search, targeted advertising, personalization, privacy, network externalities, open source, and alliances.

This work revisits the work of Frederick Herzberg and translates his landmark research into eight practical leader-behaviors consistent with the research. Those behaviors are: (1) creating a leadership platform; (2) becoming the principal-learner and principal-teacher about leadership; (3) affirming and teaching the powerful roles of organizational beliefs, vision, and mission; (4) leading and modeling reciprocity of accountability; (5) building collegiality around problems of practice; (6) emulating the actions of successful coaches; (7) developing the cultural understanding and affirmation that leadership and growth bring discomfort; (8) developing a sense of professionalism throughout the organization consistent with professionalism as demonstrated in and expected of other learned professions.

Additionally, and at least as importantly, this work begins by challenging a number of the profession’s long held human relations beliefs and cultural expectations which are inconsistent with Herzberg’s landmark research.

The “Einstein Project” is a framework that is designed to help you find a solution to an everyday problem that makes you passionate in your thinking and designing. This project is designed to make you think outside of the box as active learners and create solutions in uncommon ways, forget about failing or succeeding and take chances.

This book contains eight chapters. Chapter Two briefly describes the technology that makes electronic commerce possible, while Chapter Three introduces the topic of Web strategy. The major functions of marketing are described in the next five chapters: Promotion (Chapter Four); Promotion and Purchase (Chapter Five); Distribution (Chapter Six); Service (Chapter Seven); and Pricing (Chapter Eight). The final chapter takes a broader, societal perspective and discusses the influence of electronic commerce on society.

This course explores the theoretical and empirical perspectives on individual and industrial demand for energy, energy supply, energy markets, and public policies affecting energy markets. It discusses aspects of the oil, natural gas, electricity, and nuclear power sectors and examines energy tax, price regulation, deregulation, energy efficiency and policies for controlling emission.

The primary objective is to teach students to do rigorous, explicit, customer-based marketing analysis which is most appropriate for new ventures. Explicit analysis of customers and potential customers, using available data, together with explicit and sensible additional assumptions about customer needs and behavior. Additional course objectives are to teach students about: (a) ways to implement marketing strategies when resources are very limited, and (b) common deficiencies in marketing by entrepreneurial organizations. From course home page: Course Description Educational Objective This course clarifies key marketing concepts, methods, and strategic issues relevant for start-up and early-stage entrepreneurs. At this course, there are two major questions: Marketing Question: What and how am I selling to whom? New Venture Question: How do I best leverage my limited marketing recourses? Specifically, this course is designed to give students a broad and deep understanding of such topics as: What are major strategic constraints and issues confronted by entrepreneurs today? How can one identify and evaluate marketing opportunities? How do entrepreneurs achieve competitive advantages given limited marketing resources? What major marketing/sales tools are most useful in an entrepreneurial setting? Because there is no universal marketing solution applicable to all entrepreneurial ventures, this course is designed to help students develop a flexible way of thinking about marketing problems in general. Career Focus This course is aimed at students who plan to start a new venture or take a job as a marketing professional in an early-stage business.

Erasmus+ Strategic Partnership project called "Food & Agroindustrial Schools Toward Entrepreneurship by Storytelling & digital Technology" (Project No. 2015-1-IT01-KA202-004608), about developing entrepreneurship in VET agrifood students through digital storytelling techniques

Aim of the project is to develop in VET teachers functional skills to integrate systematically in the curricula entrepreneurship education to develop active citizenship and employability, supporting person-centered and experiential learning, through the creation of OER of “Digital storytelling “.

Context: the project aims to involve multi-disciplinary teams of teachers, as “agents of change”, and students, as a new generation of potential entrepreneurs but also as workers with an “entrepreneurial approach”, of VET schools of secondary level of IT, PT, RO and BG, similar among themselves because of the lack of a systematic training-for-trainers in relation to entrepreneurship, with consequences of absence of entrepreneurship as a field of learning in the regular curricula. The focus is on schools and companies related to the agro-industrial sector, in all countries, that needs an injection of new businesses to emerge from a state of heightened shortage of skilled professionals and young people in working cohorts.

Activities and methodology: creation of 1) action-research that prefigures: terms of educational value of storytelling for the development of an entrepreneurial mind-set; didactical sustainability of practices of digital manipulation in the development of educational programs for the development of entrepreneurial skills; new skills required by teachers for the effective use of the methodology to support the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills; 2) multilingual hypervideos (pupil-led experimentations); 3) Training Programmes for the blended use of hypervideos revised by teachers (teacher-led experimentations); 4) Methodological guidelines for the effective use of digital storytelling for learning entrepreneurial skills in school context – systematization of experimentations for their release as OERs.

Number and profile of participants: they will be directly involved in the project activities: 12 teachers/school principals – in interdisciplinary teams and transnational learning/teaching/training activities; 12 ICT experts and 16 representatives of business sector for O1; 40 teachers in 8 focus groups for O1; min. 8 entrepreneurs of FDMP sector for O2; 160 students for O2 and other 160 students for O3; at least 160 “local participants” in the 4 multiplier events.

In terms of expected results, the use of hypervideos as OERs will allow direct knowledge of the related production chain; their creation will enable a “learning by doing”, with a direct experience of the entrepreneurial skills necessary for the realization of a complex project (experimental meta-learning). It is expected an increase of the dialogue between schools and businesses, able to prevent, in the long term, any gap in the professional knowledge necessary to the efforts of innovation required in an evolving industrial sector.

Impacts for VET: spread / enhance different learning styles (innovative teaching); expand the provision of curricular training; increase motivation among the “digital generation”; open to contributions from experts in the business sector; create a more fluid and productive dialogue between formal and informal knowledge – take informal knowledge and transform it into digital resources. Benefits: the VET system will increase its attractiveness, expand its training offer and modernize its teaching approaches, reduce cases of ESL, qualify its staff members (refer to either digital and entrepreneurial skills), root further in the territory by consolidating relations with the socio-economic context.

Impacts for learners: increase of entrepreneurial skills applied in life and school paths; increase of motivation for further education; stimulus to entrepreneurship as a realistic professional opportunity after school; increase of digital skills through the “generative” choice to produce Learning Objects (benefits: spread of technical-scientific culture and reducing of digital divide).

Impacts for business/FDMP sector: connecting with local educational institutions and new generations of workers (role of “virtual business angel”); reflection on entrepreneurial mind-set skills on a personal and a corporate level; study of the potential of digital storytelling to tell / sell a company, for information, marketing or training purposes. Benefits: increased level of entrepreneurship / entrepreneurial spirit in FDMP.

Please download all the Intellectual Outputs from

http://www.cisita.parma.it/cisita/progetti-internazionali/progetto-erasmus-ka2-fastest/
www.fastesteu.com

Intellectual Output 1: Research Action about the current state of exploitation of storytelling and digital storytelling for didactic purposes in the participating EU countries (Italy, Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal)

Intellectual Output 2: Creation of 8 hypervideos about stories of success and interviews to local entrepreneurs from the agroindustrial sector (Tomato industry, cheese industry, meat industry, bakery industry, wine industry). Videos are made by made by students at school with teachers' supervision and guidance about gaining knowledge and meaning out of the experience. Videos are then turned into hypervideos by students themselves, adding further hypermedia contents from the web about entrepreneurship and /or sector-related information

Intellectual Output 3: Exploitation and testing of the hypervideos as didactic and teaching tools on students who did not take part in the video-making experience. Elaboration of 4 teaching programs (one for each of the 4 participating countries Italy, Bulgaria, Romania and Portugal) about entrepreneurship using hypervideos to create a blended learning experience

Intellectual Output 4: Methodological guidelines for future users or makers of new hypervideos. How to use the project's Output for educational purposes and how to make brand new hypervides from scratch. Technical guide about how to deal with a videomaking & editing process.

The current corporate governance models of today’s organizations are unfit for organizations of the future, and even today. What does this mean for directors and the management? Let’s have a look into the future, divided into long-term, middle-term, and short-term future lenses.

Kirk Hanson interviews Stephan Rothlin on the challenges of doing business in China.

Business by its very nature is a risky venture. This module will help students to become sensitive to the different areas in which risk functions, the dimensions of risk, the associated ethical issues, and how business practitioners can ethically manage and communicate risk. While financial risk is important, businesses are also developing methods to identify and assess ethical and legal risks. This module expands even this broader paradigm to include risks that threaten health and safety as well as environmental values. It is currently being tested at the University of Puerto Rico in the course, "The Environment of the Organization," and has been developed as a part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation, "Collaborative Development of Ethics Across the Curriculum Resources and Sharing of Best Practices," NSF-SES-0551779.

An online library guide created for BUS1036FS Evidence Based Management (EBM). Contains presentations which will help students find a book in UCT Libraries, find a specific journal article in UCT Libraries, find a journal article in UCT Libraries, access library resources off campus, find newspaper articles in UCT Libraries, access databases at UCT Libraries. Image by stevelyon shared under a CC BYNCSA 2.0 license.

This course will introduce students to the basic concepts and skills of evidence-based practice. The course is directly relevant to students who would like to improve the quality and outcome of their decision-making.

Managers and consultants are required to take action based on their decisions, and such decisions may have profound impacts on employees, customers and clients, the organization and society more widely. But how good are such decisions? How can we ensure that managers and consultants get hold of, accurately interpret and make use of the best available evidence in their decision-making?

This course will help students develop the practical skills managers and consultants need to bring evidence-based approaches to their organization. In the process of developing these skills you will also find out a lot about management research.

The author's goals in writing Exploring Business were simple: (1) introduce students to business in an exciting way and (2) provide faculty with a fully developed teaching package that allows them to do the former. Toward those ends, the following features are included in this text:1- Integrated (Optional) Nike Case Study: A Nike case study is available for instructors who wish to introduce students to business using an exciting and integrated case. Through an in-depth study of a real company, students learn about the functional areas of business and how these areas fit together. Studying a dynamic organization on a real-time basis allows students to discover the challenges that it faces, and exposes them to critical issues affecting the business, such as globalization, ethics and social responsibility, product innovation, diversity, supply chain management, and e-business.2- A Progressive (Optional) Business Plan: Having students develop a business plan in the course introduces students to the excitement and challenges of starting a business and helps them discover how the functional areas of business interact. This textbook package includes an optionalintegrated business plan project modeled after one refined by the author and her teaching team over the past ten years.3- AACSB Emphasis: The text provides end-of-chapter questions, problems, and cases that ask students to do more than regurgitate information. Most require students to gather information, assess a situation, think about it critically, and reach a conclusion. Each chapter presents ten Questions and Problems as well as five cases on areas of skill and knowledge endorsed by AACSB: Learning on the Web, Career Opportunities, The Ethics Angle, Team-Building Skills, and The Global View. More than 70% of end-of-chapter items help students build skills in areas designated as critical by AACSB, including analytical skills, ethical awareness and reasoning abilities, multicultural understanding and globalization, use of information technology, and communications and team oriented skills. Each AACSB inspired exercise is identified by an AACSB tag and a note indicating the relevant skill area.4- Author-Written Instructor Manual (IM): For the past eleven years, Karen Collins has been developing, coordinating and teaching (to over 3,500 students) an Introduction to Business course. Sections of the course have been taught by a mix of permanent faculty, graduate students, and adjuncts.

The main purpose of the study was for AgShare team from Makerere University to share the agricultural skills and knowledge with Kiruhura farmers, and equip them with better milk handling and marketing skills through experience sharing and feedback meetings. The vision of the project is to contribute to the development of a healthier and a wealthier livestock based community in Africa by disseminating knowledge, skills, and community service through an information loop system for OER-based research, education, and knowledge.The study methodology included desk review of the relevant documents, field visits in Kiruhura district, meetings and informal interviews with stakeholders. In Kiruhura, dairy farms, milk processing places and milk markets were visited.

The objective of this study is to assess the range of alternative food crop and livestock extension services currently operating in Kenya. The study highlights five important findings: (1) private extension provision is generally skewed towards high agricultural potential regions and high-value crops. Remote areas and poor producers, especially those growing low-value crops with little marketable surplus, are poorly served. Non-profit private providers are targeting them, but their reach is limited. (2) Since public resources for extension are very constrained, it may make sense for public extension not to duplicate or overlap in the same areas that are being served more efficiently by commercial and non-profit systems. This would leave more public resources for concentrating extension services for farmers in areas that are remote and poorly served by the commercial systems. (3) However, the commercial and non-profit extension systems benefit from the presence of the public extension service- they rely on public extension workers for training and appropriate management advice. So even if the public extension system was to withdraw to the more remote areas where private extension is unprofitable, it may be appropriate to institute some type of commercial contracting of public extension system staff so that the latter can impart needed skills and capacity building to the non-public extension systems. (4) The government should consider contracting the private sector to offer extension services in the disadvantaged regions. Contracting out extension services makes it possible to take advantage of all of the talent and experience existing in the field but does not eliminate a government role which, in addition to funding, ensures quality assurance, oversight, and provision of training and information to contracted services providers. (5) The weight of evidence suggests, in most cases, that private extension is not a substitute for public extension and the public sector should fund extension significantly but in ways that do not duplicate services already being provided by sustainable alternative extension providers.

This Farmers' Agribusiness training course has been developed to help both farmers and farmer organisations. Its intention is to provide access to additional skills and knowledge that will allow farmers to move from a 'farm' to a 'firm'. Module 2 looks at sustainable agriculture. This lesson deals with vital agricultural inputs and resources, balancing of output and input requirements and helps the learner to understand improvement measures for agricultural resources available to them.

This Farmers' Agribusiness training course has been developed to help both farmers and farmer organisations. Its intention is to provide access to provide access to additional skills and knowledge that will allow farmers to move from a 'farm' to a 'firm'. This lesson describes funding possibilities, the process for sourcing funds, the measures that should be taken to ensure effective utilization of funds, repayment procedures.

This Farmers' Agribusiness training course has been developed to help both farmers and farmer organisations. Its intention is to provide access to additional skills and knowledge that will allow farmers to move from a 'farm' to a 'firm'. The orientation module provides a module and lesson overview, study methodology, timetables and bibliographic information on the course.

Continuation of Finance Theory I, concentrating on corporate financial management. Topics: Capital investment decisions, security issues, dividend policy, optimal capital structure, hedging and risk management, futures markets and real options analysis. The objective of this course is to learn the financial tools needed to make good business decisions. The course presents the basic insights of corporate finance theory, but emphasizes the application of theory to real business decisions. Each session involves class discussion, some centered on lectures and others around business cases.

Studies basic concepts of financial and managerial accounting. Viewpoint is that of the users of accounting information (especially managers) rather than the preparer (the accountant).

Advice for companies on picking partners to do business with in China. Kirk O. Hanson, executive director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, interviews Stephan Rothlin, general secretary of the Center for International Business Ethics in Beijing

Never before have strategic leaders been confronted with so much overwhelming change. The traditional approach is to teach the leader or leaders how to direct or control the organizations’ reaction on a monthly, weekly, or even daily basis. This approach is stressful and overwhelming for executive leaders, makes middle managers feel torn between honoring their senior leaders and listening to the demands of front line employees, and is alienating for front line employees.

Focusing on Organizational Change offers an alternative to the traditional approach by focusing on building the change capacity of the entire organization in anticipation of future pressures to change. Based on systematic research of more than 5,000 respondents working within more than 200 organization or organizational units conducted during the previous decade, this book offers a clear and proven method for diagnosing your organizational change capacity. While building organizational change capacity is not fast or easy, it is essential for effective leadership and organizational survival in the 21st century.

Randall Gausman, former CFO of Rae Systems, talks with Kirk O. Hanson, executive director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, about the steps he took when he became aware of FCPA violations in a joint venture with China.

Entrepreneurship is the cornerstone of any modern economy - everyday, entrepreneurs around the world are starting their own business. This free online course from The E-Learning Network (TELNET) examines how entrepreneurs can surmount obstacles and also examines how business ideas can be developed and habits an entrepreneur must adopt to be a success. Upon completion of this course you will develop an understanding of obstacles entrepreneurs face and how to overcome them. You will gain a good knowledge of the development process and the planning process involved in the launch of a new product. You will have a good understanding of the business ecosystem and a knowledge of successful entrepreneurial habits. This course is ideal for anyone who wants to learn more about entrepreneurship or who may be thinking about starting their own business.

This half-term course examines the choices that we make which affect others and the choices others make that affect us. Such situations are known as "games" and game-playing, while sounding whimsical, is serious business. Managers frequently play games both within the firm and outside it - with competitors, customers, regulators, and even capital markets! The goal of this course is to enhance your ability to think strategically in complex, interactive environments. Knowledge of game theory will give you an advantage in such strategic settings. The course is structured around three "themes for acquiring advantage in games": commitment / strategic moves, exploiting hidden information, and limited rationality.

" This course provides concepts and frameworks for understanding the potential impact of information technology (IT) on business strategy and performance. We will examine how some firms make IT a strategic asset while other firms struggle to realize value from IT investments. The course focuses on the implications of increased digitization for defining business strategies and operating models, and explores the roles of both general managers and IT executives in using IT to achieve operational excellence and business agility. Topics include business operating models, IT investment and prioritization, business strategy and IT alignment, the design and governance of digitized processes, and the role of the IT unit. Draws heavily on research and case studies from MIT Sloan Center for Information Systems Research. Restricted to graduate students."

In GEOG 871, we'll take a critical look at geospatial project management. Project management is a broad discipline that encompasses technical methods such as system design and analysis and also interpersonal factors that affect professional relationships. Project management is also a discipline that has matured outside of, but can be incorporated into, geospatial technology. By the end of this course, you'll have devised a project plan from a scenario built upon a real-life project involving the city of Metropolis geodatabase. We'll work through each of the components in an organized and logical manner and will incorporate constructive peer review to help everyone achieve the best product possible.

In this interview with Kirk Hanson, executive director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, Liu Baocheng, executive director, Center for International Business Ethics, Beijing, China, discusses the ethical and global challenges of Americans doing business in China, and vice versa.

Kirk Hanson, executive director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, and Liu Baocheng, executive director, Center for International Business Ethics, Beijing, China, discuss the ethical and global challenges for Americans doing business in China, and vice versa. The political challenges facing the US and China are specifically addressed.

In this interview with Kirk Hanson, executive director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, Liu Baocheng, executive director, Center for International Business Ethics, Beijing, China, discusses the ethical and global challenges for Americans doing business in China, and vice versa. The influence of Chinese values on business is explored here.

In this interview, Kirk Hanson, executive director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, and Liu Baocheng, executive director, Center for International Business Ethics, Beijing, China, discuss the ethical and global challenges for Americans doing business in China, and vice versa. In this video, the issue of pharmaceuticals in China is specifically addressed.

Global Entrepreneurship Lab: Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa enables teams of students to work with the top management of global start-ups and gain experience in running, and consulting to, a new enterprise outside the United States. The focus is on start-ups operating in emerging markets throughout the world, with a special focus on Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa. The course combines an internship in a growing firm with in-class discussions of the issues and policies that affect the climate for innovation and start-up success around the world.

This guide explains one way of classifying corporate cultures and how to recognize different cultures as a job-seeker or adapt to them as a new employee.

Firms must develop major innovations to prosper, but they don't know how to. However, recent research into the innovation process has made it possible to develop breakthroughs systematically. 15.356 How to Develop Breakthrough Products and Services explores several practical idea generation development methods. To convey the art required to implement each of these methodologies, experts are invited to present real cases to the class.

Human Relations by Laura Portolese-Dias addresses all of the critical topics to obtain career success as they relate to professional relationships.

Knowing how to get along with others, resolve workplace conflict, manage relationships, communicate well, and make good decisions are all critical skills all students need to succeed in career and in life.

Human Relations is not an organizational behavior; rather, it provides a good baseline of issues students will deal with in their careers on a day-to-day basis. It is also not a professional communications, business English, or professionalism textbook, as its focus is much broader — on general career success and how to effectively maneuver in the workplace. From communication challenges to focusing on one’s own emotional intelligence, the examples throughout Human Relations will help students understand the importance of the human side in their career. This book’s easy-to-understand language and tone is written to convey practical information in an engaging way. Every chapter opens with a realistic example which introduces a concept to be explained in detail later. Each chapter contains relevant examples, YouTube videos, figures, learning objectives, key takeaways, exercises, and a chapter-ending case that offer different ways to promote learning. Many of the end-of-section exercises offer self-assessment quizzes, so students may engage in self-understanding and development.

Human resource or manpower planning is of great important in the general development and growth of organizations. Thus personnel and Human resources experts, managers and practitioners have now made it known to management that adequate attention be given to it with a view to ensuring better use of other resources especially capital. Organisations have also realized that with increasing competition and complexity in business, more time should be devoted to effective human resources planning to achieve desired goals. Furthermore organisations have known that not only is the overall cost of human resources high , that human element is complex, unpredictable and sometimes difficult to develop or change unlike capital that is relatively easier to acquire, manager or control.

Human Resource Management by Laura Portolese Dias teaches HRM strategies and theories that any managerŃnot just those in HRŃneeds to know about recruiting, selecting, training, and compensating people.Most students will be managing people at some point in their careers and not necessarily in a human resource management capacity. As businesses cut back, they may outsource HR duties to outside vendors. Or, in smaller businesses, the HR department is sometimes small or non-existent, and managers from other departments have to perform their own HRM. Therefore, teaching HRM from the perspective of a general manager, in addition to an HR manager, provides more relevance to studentsŐ careers and will give them a competitive advantage in the workplace.

You know the basics of managing human capital from your Principles of Management course, but this course will introduce you to more advanced topics in the field. You will learn that identifying the best employees begins with identifying the firmŐs needs and carrying out a proper recruitment and selection process. Training, development, and performance evaluations can then shape the selected employee into an ideal firm resource. Finally, adequate and incentivizing compensation can keep those resources with the firm. This course will cover all these topics and more.

Carson Block, research director of Muddywaters, talks with Kirk O. Hanson, executive director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics about ethical issues such as fraud, conflicts of interest, executive pay, and cozy relations with auditors and how these problems manifest in China.

Develops basic concepts for understanding individual, group, and organizational behavior through critical analysis of important works in the field. Areas covered: cognitive psychology, behavioral decision-making, group process and performance, and organizational culture and adaptation. Emphasizes use of behavioral science concepts for stimulating new and useful behavioral science research. Primarily for doctoral candidates in the Sloan School of Management.

Information Systems: A Manager’s Guide to Harnessing Technology V1.2 is intended for use in undergraduate and/or graduate courses in Management Information Systems and Information Technology.Version 1.2 of John's book retains the same structure and theory of version 1.1, but refreshes key statistics, examples, and brings case material up to date (vital when covering firms that move as fast as Facebook, Google, and Netflix). Adopting version 1.2 guarantees your students will have the most current text on the market, drawing real and applicable lessons from material that will keep your class offerings current and accessible.One of BusinessWeek’s "Professors of the Year", John Gallaugher of Boston College, brings you a brand new Management Information Systems textbook that teaches students how he or she will experience IS from a Managers perspective first hand through interesting coverage and bleeding-edge cases.Get involved with John's community by visiting and subscribing to his blog, The Week In Geek, where courseware, technology and strategy intersect and joining his Ning IT Community site where you can get more resources to teach Information Systems.Shockingly, at a time when technology regularly appears on the cover of every major business publication, students find IS among the least appealing of management disciplines.The teaching approach in Information Systems: A Manager’s Guide to Harnessing Technology V 1.2 can change this. The text offers a proven approach that has garnered student praise, increased IS enrollment, and engaged students to think deeper and more practically about the space where business and technology meet. Every topic is related to specific business examples, so students gain an immediate appreciation of its importance. Rather than lead with technical topics, the book starts with strategic thinking, focusing on big-picture issues that have confounded experts but will engage students. And while chapters introduce concepts, cases on approachable, exciting firms across industries further challenge students to apply what they've learned, asking questions like:Why was NetFlix able to repel Blockbuster and WalMart? How did Harrah's Casino's become twice as profitable as comparably-sized Caesar's, enabling the former to acquire the latter? How does Spain's fashion giant Zara, a firm that shuns the sort of offshore manufacturing used by every other popular clothing chain, offer cheap fashions that fly off the shelves, all while achieving growth rates and profit margins that put Gap to shame? Why do technology markets often evolve into winner-take-all or winner take-most scenarios? And how can managers compete when these dynamics are present? Why is Google more profitable than Disney? How much is Facebook really worthThe Information Systems course and discipline have never seemed more relevant, more interesting, and more exciting. Gallaugher's textbook can help teachers make students understand why.

How does a firm emerge as"leader of the pack'? Why do most of the small firms so common in the early years of new industries disappear? This unit looks at how and why change occurs through the industry life cycle, at the role of innovation and at how production costs, demand and technology interact to shape industrial structure.

15.616 is an introduction to business law which covers the fundamentals, including contracts, liability, regulation, employment, and corporations, with an in-depth treatment of the legal issues relating to breakthrough technologies, including the legal framework of R&D, the commercialization of new high-technology products in start-ups and mature companies, and the liability and regulatory implications of new products and innovative business models. There is extensive attention to national and international intellectual property protection and strategies. Examples are drawn from many industries, including information technology, communications, and life sciences.

Life is full of risk. In this unit"risk' describes the probability and consequences of harm or, at worst, disaster. Risk management involves many stakeholders and integrated management systems help to ensure that safety, quality, environmental and business risks are all managed correctly. This unit also looks at emergency preparedness, that is, the management of emergencies and disasters.

International Business is one of the most challenging and exciting courses to teach in the Business School. To teach a current, dynamic and complete course you need a textbook by authors as passionate and informed about International Business as you are. Carpenter and Dunung’s International Business: The Opportunities and Challenges of a Flat World provides exploration into building, leading, and thriving in global organizations in an increasingly flat world. The authors define ”Flat world“ as one where (1) service industries that dwarf manufacturing industries in terms of scale and scope, (2) an Internet that pervades life and work, and (3) networks define modern businesses, whether service or manufacturing. Carpenter and Dunung’s text is designed to speak to technologically-savvy students who see national borders as bridges and not barriers. The authors use the lexicon of international business, and additionally, develop students’ knowledge of international contexts with the aim that they may launch, run, and work in any organization that is global in scope (or is wrestling with global competition or other global threats). The textbook is organized in 5 Sections: Section 1 introduces the global business course and concludes with a chapter on seizing global opportunities. Section 2 develops student knowledge about key facets of the global business environment, while Section 3 develops knowledge about how a student or organization can exploit opportunities in that global environment. Section 4 is devoted to entrepreneurship in a flat world — this section will explore why the entrepreneurial context is changing, provide lenses for identifying and capitalizing on entrepreneurial opportunities, and Section 5 shows how key organizational activities can be managed for global effectiveness.Every chapter has five enumerated learning objectives, each of these five sections concludes with a short summary (”Key Takeaways“) and five review questions. In addition, each chapter concludes with a mini case on a unique global business that encompasses the topics shown in the chapter. The authors even provide a set of end-of-chapter questions that are mapped to AACSB learning standards, so that you will be able to measure how well students are grasping course content that aligns with the AACSB guidelines. Request a desk copy of Carpenter and Dunung’s International Business: The Opportunities and Challenges of a Flat World to experience its current and progressive look at International Business for yourself.

If you're currently engaged in strategic decision-making, or will be in the future, this unit will stimulate your imagination and inform your judgement. An understanding of the frameworks of strategy and an ability to use them imaginatively will help your organisation survive in the longer-term and perform its role more effectively.

This textbook introduces readers to the idea of cooperation and mutualism. Cooperatives and mutuals are participatory organizations in which members participate in control and governance, receive economic benefits through patronage refunds or net income, and become owners through equity. These mutual-benefit organizations exist alongside non-profit organizations and investor-benefit organizations through the global economy.

Introduction to Energy and Earth Sciences is an introduction to microeconomic fundamentals with a focus on the applications of economics to energy and environmental markets. We will introduce the economic method of analysis to the environmental and resource questions facing society. We will learn about the market forces, supply and demand and how they are formed from two concepts of law of Diminishing Returns and Diminishing Marginal Utility. We extend our knowledge by exploring factors such as market dynamics and market equilibrium, government intervention and market power. At the end we will apply these concepts to real life examples and address Climate Change and Carbon Policy, Resource Scarcity and Energy Security, and Changes in the Electricity Business.

The purpose of Introduction to Human Resources Management is to provide a general overview of the concepts and applications of the many parts of Human Resources (HR). This course is for the entry level HR Generalist who wants to explore how the interdependence of the major topics in HR are created and implemented.

This course provides students with concepts, techniques and tools to design, analyze, and improve core operational capabilities, and apply them to a broad range of application domains and industries. It emphasizes the effect of uncertainty in decision-making, as well as the interplay between high-level financial objectives and operational capabilities. Topics covered include production control, risk pooling, quality management, process design, and revenue management. Also included are case studies, guest lectures, and simulation games which demonstrate central concepts.

This unit aims at introducing you to Social Contract, as an organization and its guiding principles. The aim is to give an adequate overview of the vision, mission, approach, and process of Social Contract. The learning outcomes for this unit are:At the end of this unit, Associates will be able to understand the ecosystem in which Social Contract operates in as well as their place/where they fit in, in the ecosystem.Associates will be able to understand the history and the “why” of  Social Contract.Associates will be able to understand the residency trajectory before them and the expectations for their work.Associates will understand the attitudes that will be helpful in their work.