This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Our bodies are home to millions of microscopic organisms – our microbiome. While these microbes have many important functions that maintain our health and well-being, our microbiome changes as we age, which can cause infection or inflammation. Understanding these changes in humans is difficult due to our long lifespan and confounding factors such as healthcare and diet. A recent study used an animal model – free-ranging rhesus macaques – to better understand the changes that occur in our microbiomes with age, using a cross-sectional dataset of oral, rectal, and genital swabs collected from 105 macaques belonging to one social group. In contrast to adult macaques, researchers found that infant gut microbial communities had higher abundances of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides, consistent with a milk-rich diet. The genital microbiome varied substantially between males and females, and while penile microbiomes changed with age, vaginal microbiomes did not..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Changes in the gut microbiota are associated with numerous ageing-related disorders. Microbiome rejuvenation through probiotic treatment or faecal microbiota transplantation can promote healthy ageing. However, in animal studies, it remains difficult to successfully prolong the health span of aged mice via gut microbiome manipulation. Researchers recently attempted several methods to rejuvenate the microbiomes of aged mice by co-housing young and old mice, injecting old mice with serum from young mice, and surgically combining young and old mice via their circulatory systems. As mice aged, the gut microbiota composition and gene abundance changed dynamically, but the rejuvenation procedures reversed the deterioration of microbe communities and intestinal immunity in aged mice. According to metagenomics, high abundance of Akkermansia (AK) bacteria and the activity of the butyrate synthesis pathway played key roles in the restorative effects..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This collection focuses on a rapidly evolving field in which the study of both species-specific and ubiquitous aging mechanisms informs the biological process of aging. Yet the field is not without substantial controversy, differing views arise as we come to understand aging across model systems - from bacteria to humans.

Open science practices are broadly applicable within the field of aging research. Across study types, these practices carry the potential to influence changes within research practices in aging science that can improve the integrity and reproducibility of studies. Resources on open science practices in aging research can, however, be challenging to discover due to the breadth of aging research and the range of resources available on the subject. By accumulating resources on open science and aging research and compiling them in a centralized location, we hope to facilitate the discoverability and use of these resources among researchers who study aging, and among any other interested parties.  Unfortunately, not all resources are openly available. The following list of resources, while not open access, provide valuable perspectives, information, and insight into the open science movement and its place in aging research. 

Anatomy and Physiology is a dynamic textbook for the two-semester human anatomy and physiology course for life science and allied health majors. The book is organized by body system and covers standard scope and sequence requirements. Its lucid text, strategically constructed art, career features, and links to external learning tools address the critical teaching and learning challenges in the course. The web-based version of Anatomy and Physiology also features links to surgical videos, histology, and interactive diagrams.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Critical defects that compromise the nucleus during cell division could be the basis for the age-accelerating effects of people living with progeria. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes premature aging. Affecting one in 8 million newborns worldwide, the disorder is extremely rare—and fatal. The rapid aging of the cardiovascular system causes death due to heart attack or stroke in patients by their mid-teens. Progeria is caused by a tiny point mutation in the lamin A gene. This gene is responsible for producing structural proteins called lamins, which form the scaffolding that holds the cell nucleus together. The mutated form of prelamin A called progerin destabilizes the cell nucleus—the genetic control center of cells. The result is the fast-aging effects observed in progeria. But the link from gene mutation to physical disorder has remained a mystery. Previous studies have looked only at models of progeria, not at actual patient cells..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The skin is the interface between the human body and the environment, and the different features in distinct skin regions, such as different temperatures, humidity levels, gland densities, and pH values, create a variety of niches that can support a diverse skin microbiome. This microbiome includes bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, and even mites. A healthy skin microbiome helps maintain skin homeostasis, protects against pathogens, communicates with and trains the immune system, and affects wound healing. However, the skin microbiome can be influenced by many factors, including intrinsic factors like aging and extrinsic factors like cosmetic. Recent advances in molecular biology techniques and next-generation sequencing have drastically increased our understanding of the microorganisms that live on our skin, but the microbes are often still difficult to culture and study..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This course is offered during the Independent Activities Period (IAP), which is a special 4-week term at MIT that runs from the first week of January until the end of the month.
This survey course is intended to review memory and its impact on our lives. Memories make us who we are, and make us what we are going to become. The loss of memory in amnesia can cause us to lose ourselves.
Memory provides a bridge between past and present. Through memory, past sensations, feelings, and ideas that have dropped from conscious awareness can be subsequently recovered to guide current thought and action. In this manner, memory allows us to locate our car in the parking lot at the end of the day or guides us to avoid retelling the same joke to the same friend. This seminar will focus on how memories are created and controlled such that we are able to remember the past. Recent insights from non-human electrophysiological and human brain imaging research will be emphasized.

The objectives of this kit are to improve student perceptions of older adults in terms of creativity, flexibility and competence, and to broaden their understanding of what constitutes "creative" expression. Both documentary and feature films were used in order to explore the differences in intent between these different media, as well as the issues of time period, race, gender, culture and nationality.

Sociology often looks at different age cohorts. A cohort is simply a group of people, but here we're looking specifically at different age groups or generations, because these people all lived through the same certain events through a certain time that affected their lives similarly.

Psychologists must be able to test both for the presence of an effect and for the absence of an effect. In addition to testing against zero, researchers can use the two one-sided tests (TOST) procedure to test for equivalence and reject the presence of a smallest effect size of interest (SESOI). The TOST procedure can be used to determine if an observed effect is surprisingly small, given that a true effect at least as extreme as the SESOI exists. We explain a range of approaches to determine the SESOI in psychological science and provide detailed examples of how equivalence tests should be performed and reported. Equivalence tests are an important extension of the statistical tools psychologists currently use and enable researchers to falsify predictions about the presence, and declare the absence, of meaningful effects.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A new study suggests that transferring gut microbes from aged to young adult mice has measurable effects on parts of the central nervous system, highlighting the importance of the gut–brain axis in aging. Researchers performed fecal transplants from aged or age-matched donors to younger adult mice. The two groups showed significant differences in their microbial profiles. After transplantation, young adult recipients showed no significant changes in markers of anxiety, explorative behavior, or locomotor activity. But recipients did show impaired spatial learning and memory, as measured by a maze test. These changes were paralleled by alterations in the expression of proteins associated with synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission and changes in microglial cells in the hippocampus — the learning and memory center of the brain..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This collection of six images captures the magnificence of human development -- the transformation from baby to woman.

Development of awareness and understanding of the aging process. Health and health-related needs of the aging. Preventive, restorative, and rehabilitative services for the aged.

In a world where growing older can mean entering into a complex and confusing maze of difficult choices, Amy O'Rourke stands out as a passionate advocate for the elderly and their families. As founder of Cameron Group Care Management Services, she prioritizes quality of life and helps families and elders navigate the challenges of aging while supporting vital lifestyle preferences.

This open textbook is designed for Human Development, a core Psychology course. This course provides a bird’s eye view of major milestones and developmental tasks during each age period, starting at conception and ending with old age.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Environmental pollution can have harsh effects on many systems in the body, but in addition to well-appreciated internal effects, pollutants can also harm our body’s outer barrier – our skin. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organic molecules found in air pollution, can damage the skin. accelerating aging, altering skin pigmentation, and affecting pathways underlying acne and skin cancer. Unfortunately, exactly how PAH pollution harms the skin remains poorly understood. In a new study, researchers evaluated the cheek and scalp microbiota of over 200 individuals from two cities in China: one with high pollution levels and one with less PAH pollution. They found that individuals from the city with heavier pollution had higher PAH contamination of their skin, and certain bacteria were more prevalent in the high-PAH city, including some that contribute to skin conditions..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This text was designed for use in the human osteology laboratory classroom. Bones are described to aid in identification of skeletonized remains in either an archaeological or forensic anthropology setting. Basic techniques for siding, aging, sexing, and stature estimation are described. Both images of bone and drawings are included which may be used for study purposes outside of the classroom. The text represents work that has been developed over more than 30 years by its various authors and is meant to present students with the basic analytical tools for the study of human osteology.

When you teach Introduction to Psychology, do you find it difficult — much harder than teaching classes in statistics or research methods? Do you easily give a lecture on the sympathetic nervous system, a lecture on Piaget, and a lecture on social cognition, but struggle with linking these topics together for the student? Do you feel like you are presenting a laundry list of research findings rather than an integrated set of principles and knowledge? Have you wondered how to ensure your course is relevant to your students? Introduction to Psychology utilizes the dual theme of behavior and empiricism to make psychology relevant to intro students. The author wrote this book to help students organize their thinking about psychology at a conceptual level. Five or ten years from now, he does not expect his students to remember the details of most of what he teaches them. However, he does hope that they will remember that psychology matters because it helps us understand behavior and that our knowledge of psychology is based on empirical study.

This is a derivative of INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY by a publisher who has requested that they and the original author not receive attribution, which was originally released and is used under CC BY-NC-SA. This work, unless otherwise expressly stated, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Introduction to Sociology 2e adheres to the scope and sequence of a typical, one-semester introductory sociology course. It offers comprehensive coverage of core concepts, foundational scholars, and emerging theories, which are supported by a wealth of engaging learning materials. The textbook presents detailed section reviews with rich questions, discussions that help students apply their knowledge, and features that draw learners into the discipline in meaningful ways. The second edition retains the book’s conceptual organization, aligning to most courses, and has been significantly updated to reflect the latest research and provide examples most relevant to today’s students. In order to help instructors transition to the revised version, the 2e changes are described within the preface.

Introduction to Sociology is intended for a one-semester introductory sociology course. Conceived of and developed by active sociology instructors, this up-to-date title and can be downloaded now by clicking on the "Get this book" button below. This online, fully editable and customizable title includes sociology theory and research; real-world applications; simplify and debate features; and learning objectives for each chapter

Note: this resource now links to the third edition, released in 2021. Its record is in OER Commons to allow users to see endorsements, reviews, etc...

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A critical cellular process that occurs in the wake of a stroke in mice could hint at how to salvage otherwise compromised brain tissue. Strokes happen when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked, most often by a blood clot in a vessel. This creates two zones of injury: a central core and a radiating penumbra. Deprived of oxygen and glucose, brain cells in the core can die within minutes. Those in the penumbra are not as severely damaged. But if blood flow isn’t re-established within hours, those cells will succumb too. That’s why fast responses to strokes are so important—especially among the elderly, who are less resilient than younger sufferers of stroke. New research shows that that disparity between aged and young brains could be due to differences in calcium ion activity brought on by stroke. After inducing stroke in old and young mice, researchers found that spontaneous calcium activity was reduced in the brains of young mice, whereas it was increased in the brains of old mice..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

What do you plan on doing with your one wild and precious life?
Live it passionately.

When do we get old?
Society decides when we get old, usually around 65 they give us Medicare.
We start aging at birth, we are aging right now. We all experience it differently.

We all feel younger than our age cuz the spirit never dress.
Aging is attitude and health

Live passionately and presently in the moment.
How can i will myself to be passionate at an old age, with an open heart.
Say yes to life!!

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Today's obesity epidemic is driven by increased consumption of foods that are high in fat and low in soluble fiber, which alters the makeup of the gut microbiome. These changes also vary by age and sex, causing differences in susceptibility to obesity. Unfortunately, most animal studies compare diets that vary in both fat and fiber, making it difficult to determine which has an effect. Now, a new study suggests that fiber could play the more prominent role. The authors of the study profiled the microbial community in mice fed diets varying in either fiber or fat, but not both. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that changes in fiber accounted for most of the variance in microbes. While these changes were age- and sex-specific, they were not dependent on dietary fat. Although further studies are needed to fully understand these effects, the results suggest that in animal obesity studies, the choice of control diet matters..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are immature cells that can develop into all types of blood cells, making them critical regulators of blood composition. However, during aging, HSCs undergo a process called senescence, in which their functionality starts to fade, leading to issues like reduced immune cell populations or leukemia. HSC senescence is influenced by various age-related factors, like accumulated DNA damage or epigenetic (non-DNA-altering) changes in gene expression, and it’s regulated by small RNA molecules known as microRNAs (miRNAs). For example, the miR-212/132 cluster binds to the FOXO3 gene to affect HSC life cycles, function, and survival and is upregulated with aging, while miR-125b, which can help HSCs resist stress and cell death, is downregulated in aging HSCs..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Lectures and discussions in this course cover the clinical, behavioral, and molecular aspects of the brain aging processes in humans. Topics include the loss of memory and other cognitive abilities in normal aging, as well as neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Discussions based on readings taken from primary literature explore the current research in this field.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"St. Louis University researchers have discovered some of the molecular processes that lead to decline in patients with progeria. Their work also helps explain why certain drugs seemingly rejuvenate progeria cells, which could hint at more potent therapies against progeria. Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome is a rare genetic disease that causes premature aging. Rapid aging of different tissues causes death by teenage years, normally due to cardiovascular complications. Currently, therapies for this devastating disease provide patients minimal benefit. The origin of progeria is a mutation in the lamin A gene—responsible for fabricating structural proteins that help keep the cell nucleus sturdy and the genome intact. The mutated lamin A protein “progerin” destabilizes the cell nucleus, causes DNA damage, and ultimately leads to the aging effects found in patients with progeria. Now, the researchers have delved deeper to understand how progerin wreaks damage at the molecular level..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Students will use census data from a sample of 136 U.S. counties and other sample data to make estimates about the U.S. population that is 65 or older in all other counties and about other variables, using normal distribution models.

Provides an overview of the impact of nutrition on aging and the impact of aging on nutrient needs. Examines food access, procurement, preparation, and enjoyment using a socio-ecological framework of health and wellness. Evaluates age-associated psycho-social, economic, and environmental influences on individual food security and institutional program delivery. Emphasizes nutrition and food for healthy aging.

Learning Outcomes
Use an understanding of the relationship between nutrition and aging to identify challenges to healthy aging.
Create effective wellness promotion strategies that account for psycho-social, economic, and environmental influences on individuals and communities.
Apply knowledge of clinical, community, and commercial resources to promote the nutritional well-being of older adults.

Preregistration is the process of specifying project details, such as hypotheses, data collection procedures, and analytical decisions, prior to conducting a study. It is designed to make a clearer distinction between data-driven, exploratory work and a-priori, confirmatory work. Both modes of research are valuable, but are easy to unintentionally conflate. See the Preregistration Revolution for more background and recommendations.

For research that uses existing datasets, there is an increased risk of analysts being biased by preliminary trends in the dataset. However, that risk can be balanced by proper blinding to any summary statistics in the dataset and the use of hold out datasets (where the "training" and "validation" datasets are kept separate from each other). See this page for specific recommendations about "split samples" or "hold out" datasets. Finally, if those procedures are not followed, disclosure of possible biases can inform the researcher and her audience about the proper role any results should have (i.e. the results should be deemed mostly exploratory and ideal for additional confirmation).

This project contains a template for creating your preregistration, designed specifically for research using existing data. In the future, this template will be integrated into the OSF.

Social Problems: Continuity and Change is a textbook covering social problems, poverty, racial and ethnic inequality, gender and sexual diversity inequality, aging, substance abuse, crime, sexual behavior, family, schools and education, work and the economy, urban and rural problems, health and healthcare, population and the environment, war, and terrorism.

Author Isabel Allende's new TED talk is about living passionately at any age.

The past decade has seen rapid growth in conversations around and progress towards fostering a more transparent, open, and cumulative science. Best practices are being codified and established across fields relevant to gerontology from cancer science to psychological science. Many of the areas currently under development are of particular relevance to gerontologists such as best practices in balancing open science with participant confidentiality or best practices for preregistering archival, longitudinal data analysis. The present panel showcases one of the particular strengths of the open science movement - the contribution that early career researchers are making to these ongoing conversations on best practices. Early career researchers have the opportunity to blend their expertise with technology, their knowledge of their disciplines, and their vision for the future in shaping these conversations. In this panel, three early career researchers share their insights. Pfund presents an introduction to preregistration and the value of preregistration from the perspective of “growing up” within the open science movement. Seaman discusses efforts in and tools for transparency and reproducibility in neuroimaging of aging research. Ludwig introduces the idea of registered reports as a particularly useful form of publication for researchers who use longitudinal methods and/or those who work with hard-to-access samples. The symposium will include time for the audience to engage the panel in questions and discussion about current efforts in and future directions for transparent, open, and cumulative science efforts in gerontology.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Much recent research points toward a strong link between the microorganisms living in the gut and human health. Changes in this microbial community as a person grows older are thought to stem from changes in lifestyle and wellbeing associated with modern society, but evidence to support this claim is lacking. To gain a better understanding of how age affects the gut microbial community under natural conditions, researchers looked toward wild macaques. Using gene sequencing techniques, they found that the gut bacterial composition of individual macaques exhibited a unique personal signature and that this signature became increasingly unstable with age. This instability was linked to an increase in the relative abundance of rare bacterial groups. The uniqueness of an individual’s gut microbiota also increased with age, potentially due in part to a decrease in social interaction..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.