This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. One factor linked to the disease is an aberrant mucin profile in the gastric mucosa. Mucin proteins are the major building blocks of mucus and normally support the barrier function of the gut lining. But abnormal shifts in mucin makeup are believed to disrupt the gut microbiome in ways that facilitate tumor progression. To explore how, researchers examined tumor tissues from 108 patients with gastric cancer. Tumors associated with poor survival were found to overexpress the mucin gene MUC13. Overexpression of MUC13 was, in turn, linked to increased abundance of certain oral bacteria, namely, Neisseria, Prevotella, and Veillonella, which are known to promote inflammation. Deciphering these mucin-microbiome signatures in gastric cancer could make a big impact in prevention and treatment, as they could signal disease before symptoms of gastric cancer set in..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Students perform an activity similar to the childhood “telephone” game in which each communication step represents a biological process related to the passage of DNA from one cell to another. This game tangibly illustrates how DNA mutations can happen over several cell generations and the effects the mutations can have on the proteins that cells need to produce. Next, students use the results from the “telephone” game (normal, substitution, deletion or insertion) to test how the mutation affects the survivability of an organism in the wild. Through simple enactments, students act as “predators” and “eat” (remove) the organism from the environment, demonstrating natural selection based on mutation.

Students learn about mutations to both DNA and chromosomes, and uncontrolled changes to the genetic code. They are introduced to small-scale mutations (substitutions, deletions and insertions) and large-scale mutations (deletion duplications, inversions, insertions, translocations and nondisjunctions). The effects of different mutations are studied as well as environmental factors that may increase the likelihood of mutations. A PowerPoint® presentation and pre/post-assessments are provided.

This course focuses on the latest scientific developments and discoveries in the field of nanomechanics, the study of forces and motion on extremely tiny (10 m) areas of synthetic and biological materials and structures. At this level, mechanical properties are intimately related to chemistry, physics, and quantum mechanics. Most lectures will consist of a theoretical component that will then be compared to recent experimental data (case studies) in the literature. The course begins with a series of introductory lectures that describes the normal and lateral forces acting at the atomic scale. The following discussions include experimental techniques in high resolution force spectroscopy, atomistic aspects of adhesion, nanoindentation, molecular details of fracture, chemical force microscopy, elasticity of single macromolecular chains, intermolecular interactions in polymers, dynamic force spectroscopy, biomolecular bond strength measurements, and molecular motors.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Spermatozoa are incredibly unique specialized cells—once they leave the testes, they do not transcribe genes or synthesize new proteins. So, the final step in their maturation, capacitation, is regulated via posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of existing proteins. To learn more, researchers recently examined the relationship between two types of PTMs in frozen bull sperm, specifically tyrosine phosphorylation and reversible oxidative PTMs (oxPTMs). The researchers also examined the role of PRDX enzymes, as their activity is closely related to reversible oxPTMs. Proteins that bind to the egg surface, called zona-pellucida binding proteins, were especially common among reversible oxPTM modified proteins, and proteins related to the tail, or flagella, were associated with all the analyzed PTM types. Inhibiting PRDX activity during capacitation caused an increase in reversible oxPTMs and a decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation, as well as changes in the PTMs on several key proteins and enzymes..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Sialic acids are a family of sugars found throughout the body. They facilitate a variety of cellular functions such as interactions between cells and the detection of foreign bodies. But sialic acids are also linked to the progression of cancer, including bladder cancer. In a new study, researchers examined how bladder cancer cells rich in sialic acids respond to NEU1, one of several enzymes responsible for removing sialic acids from lipids and proteins. The team found that low NEU1 expression was linked to abnormally large amounts of sialic acids in cancer cells. In fact, low expression of NEU1 correlated with bladder cancer progression. High NEU1 expression, on the other hand, enhanced cancer cell death and decreased cancer proliferation. These findings were obtained for both cancer cells grown in the lab and cells extracted from mice with bladder cancer..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Physical Chemistry is the application of physical principles and measurements to understand the properties of matter, as well as for the development of new technologies for the environment, energy and medicine. Advanced Physical Chemistry topics include different spectroscopic methods (Raman, ultrafast and mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic and electron paramagnetic resonance, x-ray absorption and atomic force microscopy) as well as theoretical and computational tools to provide atomic-level understanding for applications such as: nanodevices for bio-detection and receptors, interfacial chemistry of catalysis and implants, electron and proton transfer, protein function, photosynthesis and airborne particles in the atmosphere.

In this module, students use several online databases and bioinformatics tools to study the evolutionary conservation of a protein of their choice. Students are first introduced to amino acid chemistry and to some of the theory underlying sequence comparisons. In the exercises, students:learn how amino acid side chain chemistries are reflected in the BLOSUM62 matrix used to identify conserved regions of protein sequencesuse the BLASTP algorithm to compare two homologous protein sequencesconstruct a multiple sequence alignment that compares homologous proteins from multiple speciesThis module is part of a semester-long introductory laboratory course, Investigations in Molecular Cell Biology, at Boston College. 

High School students will learn more about protein in the body and why it is essential. They will also analyze complete vs. incomplete proteins and making healthy protein choices.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The human protein Tid-1 sits at the nexus of many key cellular processes and signaling pathways. These processes include cellular proliferation, growth, survival, aging, apoptosis, and even movement. Tid-1 is a member of the heat shock protein 40 family and helps other proteins fold correctly after translation or refold after a damaging stress event. Dysregulated Tid-1 behavior is involved in numerous human diseases including cancers, cardiomyopathies, and neurodegenerative disorders. Given its wide influence within the cell, Tid-1 could be a key biomarker or even therapeutic target for these diseases, but to leverage Tid-1 effectively, researchers need to understand its functionality in detail. To this end, a team of scientists consolidated the current research on human Tid-1. They found that Tid-1’s protein-protein interactions corresponded to its roles in various diseases and provide insight into how Tid-1 affects pathogenic developments..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Check the video to see how you can stain and destain your SDS-page in few minutes thanks to the use of a microwave owen.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Ras is a key signaling protein that controls cell fates, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis, and Ras effectors are proteins that influence Ras-regulated signaling pathways. Because mutations in Ras have been found to play a key role in cancer initiation and progression, scientists hope that obtaining a clearer understanding of Ras–Ras effector interactions will improve the development of effective cancer treatments. To meet this need, a team of researchers recently constructed a comprehensive Ras–Ras effector network with information obtained from public pathway and protein interaction databases. The network was composed of 2290 proteins, including 12 classes of Ras effectors, connected through 19,080 protein–protein interactions, with an increasing number of interactions occurring in each layer of the 3-layer signaling network..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

in the video you can find a list of usefull tools for analize the protien sequences as

- protein alligment
- topoligy prediction
- secondary structure calculation
- signal peptide identification
- search of template for modelling in the PDB

and many others

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Before you reach for that sugary beverage at dinner tonight, consider this: consuming just one sugar-sweetened drink with a meal not only adds calories to your diet, it also reduces the body's metabolic efficiency. That’s the finding of a new study published in the journal, _BMC Nutrition_. There is increasing evidence that the macronutrient composition of the diet may be more important in preventing obesity than previously thought. In other words, it’s not just _how much_ you eat, but also _what combination_ of foods you eat that’s important for maintaining a healthy body weight. Obesity has become a world-wide epidemic. In the US, the increased prevalence of this disease has been linked to the American diet, in which sugar plays a starring role. To better understand this, a team of USDA researchers set out to determine how adding a small serving of a sugar-sweetened beverage to meals impacts appetite, food preferences, energy expenditure, and the ability to burn fat..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Dr. Bolander recently retired from the University of South Carolina, where he taught biochemistry at both the graduate and undergraduate levels for decades. He accumulated considerable figures and notes and is making them available to others involved with teaching biochemistry or related courses.

These notes cover material with weaker coverage in standard biochemistry textbooks. This text is supplemental rather than primary.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Human gut microbes have a major impact on health and disease. Understanding gut microbial communities helps to provide insight into treatments for diseases ranging from cancer to inflammatory bowel disease. Recent efforts have significantly expanded the collection of human-associated bacterial genomes. While these new genomes might be used as a universal reference for new metaproteomic studies, a large increase in available data can also make matching more difficult. Now, researchers present a new approach to optimize the use of reference genomes and metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). The first step uses only high-abundance proteins (HAPs) for a metaproteomic MS/MS database search to derive the composition of the underlying microbial community. Next, the search database is expanded to include all proteins from identified abundant species. Researchers tested the approach, called HAPs guided metaproteomics IDentification (HAPiID), using data from a previous study..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This 12 session course is designed for the beginning or novice weight lifter, or for those who have experience lifting but lack proper instruction. We will provide an understanding of the biomechanics involved, muscles used for a given exercise, and program development.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Meat is one of the most carbon-heavy foods we eat. Per gram of protein, producing beef, for example, requires 20 times the land and emits 20 times the emissions as growing beans. So steering away from meat is actually a great way to fight climate change, as it vastly shrinks our carbon footprint on the planet. But do households with small carbon footprints necessarily eat less meat than those with large footprints? A new study says no. The researchers behind the study recently examined data pertaining to diet and carbon footprint across 60,000 households in Japan, whose current diet and demographics, scientists believe, could set the trend for the rest of the world. Correlating food-spending patterns with the carbon intensity needed to produce different foods revealed that meat consumption was unrelated to the size of a household’s carbon footprint. Households with small, medium, or large footprints ate nearly identical amounts of meat..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Colorectal cancer is among the top three most lethal types of cancer worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. If colorectal cancer spreads to bone, the balance between the natural breakdown of old bone tissue and the production of new bone can be severely disrupted, leading to fractures, excess calcium in the blood, and other issues. Understanding the processes driving colorectal cancer bone metastasis can therefore guide the development of new treatments to combat these disorders. To meet this need, researchers recently evaluated the effects of CCL7, a small protein involved in immunity, which is also thought to have an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. They found increased production of CCL7 in the bone marrow of mice with colorectal cancer bone metastasis, but the injection of a CCL7-neutralizing antibody prevented a reduction in bone volume. The team also showed that CCL7 stimulated the movement of osteoclast precursors, cells that are involved in breaking down bone tissue..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.