Posed with a paradigmatic engineering problem, students consider and explore mathematical algorithms and/or geometric concepts to devise possible solutions. The problem: How should a robotic vacuum move in order to best clean a floor of unknown shape and dimensions? They grapple with what could be a complex problem by brainstorming ideas, presenting the best idea for a solution and analyzing all presented solutions, and then are introduced to an elegant solution. Rather than elaborately calculating the most efficient route and keeping track of which tiles the robot has visited, a random number generator determines which direction the robot will take when it hits a barrier. Students are able to visually confirm how an unfamiliar programming concept (a random number generator) can make for a simple and efficient program that causes an NXT robot (that is suitably equipped) to clean a bare floor. Then students think of other uses for random numbers.

The first video in the Computer Software series, part of our Introduction to Computers course. This video looks at the general types of software, software development, the software development life cycle, as well as explains what computer programers do.

Welcome to one of the most geeky videos in the entire series. This video will introduce you to the computer boot process, the way a computer starts from the moment you turn the computer on, till the operating system kicks in.

Video 3 of our Introduction to Computer course. This course looks at the basics of operating systems. We take a look at what an operating system is, file systems, user interfaces and command line.

In the previous video we looked at the basics of operating systems. In this video we take a look at the current operating systems available to consumer. In addition to looking at Windows, we also cover the current Mac OS X, Linux and Mobile Operating systems.

Links from video:
http://www.ubuntu.com/
http://knopper.net/knoppix/index-en.html

Our last video in the Computer Software lesson, part of our Introduction to Computers curriculum.

In this video we look at the types of application users can find. We talk about business software and personal software. We also give our 3-5 to picks for viewers to check out.

Links from video:
http://www.lynda.com/
http://teamtreehouse.com/
https://www.udemy.com/courses/
https://evernote.com/
http://www.openoffice.org/
http://www.mozilla.org/en-US/thunderbird/
http://bricklin.com/history/vcexecutable.htm
http://www.cultofmac.com/90060/how-to-completely-uninstall-software-under-mac-os-x-macrx/
https://reporting.bsa.org/r/report/add.aspx?src=us&ln=en-us

This economics course provides an introduction to the field of cybersecurity through the lens of economic principles. Delivered by four leading research teams, it will provide you with the economic concepts, measurement approaches and data analytics to make better security and IT decisions, as well as understand the forces that shape the security decisions of other actors in the ecosystem of information goods and services.

Systems often fail because the organizations that defend them do not bear the full costs of failure. In order to solve the problems of growing vulnerability to computer hackers and increasing crime, solutions must coherently allocate responsibilities and liabilities so that the parties in a position to fix problems have an incentive to do so. This requires a technical comprehension of security threats combined with an economic perspective to uncover the strategies employed by cyber hackers, attackers and defenders.

The fourth and final video in our Lesson 1 Digital World series looks at what exactly is a computer. We take a quick look at the history of the PC, the general components of a computer and answer the question "what kind of computer should I buy."

Our next lesson series, will focus on computer hardware.

Links from video:
http://lifehacker.com/
http://www.thinkgeek.com/
http://www.techguylabs.com/
http://www.digitalliteracy.gov/

Computers are now essential in all branches of science, but most researchers are never taught the equivalent of basic lab skills for research computing. As a result, data can get lost, analyses can take much longer than necessary, and researchers are limited in how effectively they can work with software and data. Computing workflows need to follow the same practices as lab projects and notebooks, with organized data, documented steps, and the project structured for reproducibility, but researchers new to computing often don't know where to start. This paper presents a set of good computing practices that every researcher can adopt, regardless of their current level of computational skill. These practices, which encompass data management, programming, collaborating with colleagues, organizing projects, tracking work, and writing manuscripts, are drawn from a wide variety of published sources from our daily lives and from our work with volunteer organizations that have delivered workshops to over 11,000 people since 2010.

Engineering manager Erica Gomez, program manager Jerome Holman, and Microsoft founder Bill Gates explain how a computer's hardware and software work together.

The first video in the Internet series of videos supporting the Introduction to Computers and BCIS series.

In this video we talk about what is a computer network and how that relates to the Internet. We also talk about some of the basic types of network hardware we need to make a network as well as the difference between a LAN and WAN.

If you have no background in networking this is the video to start with before you go any further into the Internet series.

We love our definitions and in this video we define what the Internet is. We take a quick look at how the Internet got its start. Finally we look at how to get on the Internet, how to pick the right ISP and check to see how fast you are surfing.

Links from video:
http://www.speedtest.net/
http://speedtest.comcast.net/

Get ready to Geek out. In this video we take a look under the hood of the Internet. We see what technologies run the Internet and more importantly how the make our lives easier.

Topics we cover include :
*TCP/IP
*HTTP & HTTPS
*FTP
*SMTP
*POP3
*Telnet

Links from Video:
FileZilla https://filezilla-project.org/
CuteFTP: http://www.cuteftp.com/
SmartFTP; http://www.smartftp.com/
Cyberduck: http://cyberduck.io/?l=en
Mozilla Thunderbird: http://www.mozilla.org/en-US/thunderbird/
Star Wars ASCII: http://youtu.be/Dgwyo6JNTDA

Because the World Wide Web is such an important part of the Internet it gets a two part video. In this part we look at the history of the World Wide Web, as well as what the web is, and Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP).

In part we examine:
*Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
*Dynamic Name Server (DNS)
*Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

The goal of the course is to give computer literacy and skills to teachers of the PEP-TEC school located in the sub-urban province of Monrovia, the capital of Liberia. The first course is introduction to Windows which is a pre-requisite to MS Word, Excel that will also form the core modules of this curriculum. The curriculum leads teachers/learners to creading e-portals for remote learning.

P values represent a widely used, but pervasively misunderstood and fiercely contested method of scientific inference. Display items, such as figures and tables, often containing the main results, are an important source of P values. We conducted a survey comparing the overall use of P values and the occurrence of significant P values in display items of a sample of articles in the three top multidisciplinary journals (Nature, Science, PNAS) in 2017 and, respectively, in 1997. We also examined the reporting of multiplicity corrections and its potential influence on the proportion of statistically significant P values. Our findings demonstrated substantial and growing reliance on P values in display items, with increases of 2.5 to 14.5 times in 2017 compared to 1997. The overwhelming majority of P values (94%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 92% to 96%) were statistically significant. Methods to adjust for multiplicity were almost non-existent in 1997, but reported in many articles relying on P values in 2017 (Nature 68%, Science 48%, PNAS 38%). In their absence, almost all reported P values were statistically significant (98%, 95% CI 96% to 99%). Conversely, when any multiplicity corrections were described, 88% (95% CI 82% to 93%) of reported P values were statistically significant. Use of Bayesian methods was scant (2.5%) and rarely (0.7%) articles relied exclusively on Bayesian statistics. Overall, wider appreciation of the need for multiplicity corrections is a welcome evolution, but the rapid growth of reliance on P values and implausibly high rates of reported statistical significance are worrisome.