This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Chronic migraine is defined as 15 or more headache-days per month for more than 3 months within the previous 12 months, with at least 8 migraine-days per month. Chronic migraine usually evolves from episodic migraine, with peripheral and central sensitization in the trigeminovascular system contributing to the pathophysiology. The first-line treatment of chronic migraine is pharmacological. Acute medications treat migraine symptoms, and preventative therapies help reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of migraine attacks. Unfortunately, several of these medications show inadequate efficacy, tolerability, and adherence to treatment. This has led to the development of novel therapies such as onabotulinumtoxinA, a preventative option formulated from botulinum toxin type A. In the peripheral neuron, onabotulinumtoxinA targets SNAP-25, an essential protein of the SNARE complex. This complex mediates the release of neurotransmitters associated with the genesis of pain from vesicles in neurons..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Pharmacology Notes: Nursing Implications for Clinical Practice is intended to organize pharmacological information in a meaningful manner that draws from prior learning (i.e. anatomy & physiology and pathophysiology), in order to reveal and reinforce relevant nursing implications. These notes utilize the framework, A-T-A-T, to assist in understanding nursing implications related to medication administration.

This course is an introduction to basic pharmacology.  You will learn about classifications, indications, contraindications, desired effects, and side effects of medications used during diagnostic procedures and the prevention and treatment of common illnesses.  Upon completion of the course, the you should be able to relate basic pharmacological concepts to the maintenance of health.

The Journal of Physiology and British Journal of Pharmacology jointly published an editorial series in 2011 to improve standards in statistical reporting and data analysis. It is not known whether reporting practices changed in response to the editorial advice. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of reporting practices in a random sample of research papers published in these journals before (n = 202) and after (n = 199) publication of the editorial advice. Descriptive data are presented. There was no evidence that reporting practices improved following publication of the editorial advice. Overall, 76-84% of papers with written measures that summarized data variability used standard errors of the mean, and 90-96% of papers did not report exact p-values for primary analyses and post-hoc tests. 76-84% of papers that plotted measures to summarize data variability used standard errors of the mean, and only 2-4% of papers plotted raw data used to calculate variability. Of papers that reported p-values between 0.05 and 0.1, 56-63% interpreted these as trends or statistically significant. Implied or gross spin was noted incidentally in papers before (n = 10) and after (n = 9) the editorial advice was published. Overall, poor statistical reporting, inadequate data presentation and spin were present before and after the editorial advice was published. While the scientific community continues to implement strategies for improving reporting practices, our results indicate stronger incentives or enforcements are needed.

The object of the course is to teach students an approach to the study of pharmacologic agents. It is not intended to be a review of the pharmacopoeia. The focus is on the basic principles of biophysics, biochemistry and physiology, as related to the mechanisms of drug action, biodistribution and metabolism. The course consists of lectures and student-led case discussions. Topics covered include: mechanisms of drug action, dose-response relations, pharmacokinetics, drug delivery systems, drug metabolism, toxicity of pharmacological agents, drug interaction and substance abuse. Selected agents and classes of agents are examined in detail.

Psychopharmacology is the study of how drugs affect behavior. If a drug changes your perception, or the way you feel or think, the drug exerts effects on your brain and nervous system. We call drugs that change the way you think or feel psychoactive or psychotropic drugs, and almost everyone has used a psychoactive drug at some point (yes, caffeine counts). Understanding some of the basics about psychopharmacology can help us better understand a wide range of things that interest psychologists and others. For example, the pharmacological treatment of certain neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease tells us something about the disease itself. The pharmacological treatments used to treat psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia or depression have undergone amazing development since the 1950s, and the drugs used to treat these disorders tell us something about what is happening in the brain of individuals with these conditions. Finally, understanding something about the actions of drugs of abuse and their routes of administration can help us understand why some psychoactive drugs are so addictive. In this module, we will provide an overview of some of these topics as well as discuss some current controversial areas in the field of psychopharmacology.

This casebook, now in its second edition, is a collaboration of over 90 individuals with expertise and training in public health pharmacy. A total of 54 chapters are presented, covering a broad array of topics relevant to pharmacy applications of public health. These topics include, but are not limited to, cross-cultural care, health literacy and disparities, infectious disease, health promotion and disease prevention, medication safety, structural racism, advocacy/policy analysis, chronic disease, women’s health, rural health, travel medicine and more. The book is designed to allow educators/students to choose chapters of interest as they feel suited, as each chapter is independent from the others. Each chapter contains learning objectives and an introduction to the topic, followed by a case and questions. The chapter closes with commentary from the authors and patient-oriented considerations for the topic at hand.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"herapeutic monoclonal antibodies bind proteins on tumors, which can enable the killing of cancer cells. However, there can be collateral damage to healthy tissues that also express those proteins. At CytomX , researchers are exploring the use of a new class of antibodies called Probody™ therapeutics. Masks attached to the ends of a Probody therapeutic can “blindfold” the antibody and reduce its binding to healthy tissues. However, when the antibody encounters a tumor, proteases —enzymes in the tumor microenvironment—can remove these masks to activate the antibody. In this way, Probody therapeutics are designed to maximize anti-cancer activity while minimizing harm to healthy tissue. In a new study, researchers used computer modeling to predict how Probody therapeutics can be tuned to achieve this effect. This model, comprising thousands of equations, estimates the amount of both masked and unmasked (or activated) forms of the antibody in the tumor and in the rest of the body after dosing..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome, known as aHUS,is a rare type of thrombotic microangiopathy, or TMA. aHUS is characterized by thrombocytopaenia; microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia; and damage to end organs, particularly the kidneys. The disease is caused by dysregulation of the complement system resulting in overactivation of the terminal complement pathway. This leads to endothelial cell damage and platelet activation, causing thrombosis in micro blood vessels. Encounter of red blood cells with thrombi leads to their mechanical fragmentation. The disease can thus be treated with complement C5 inhibition. Eculizumab, a complement protein C5–inhibiting antibody, was the first approved treatment for aHUS. Although it’s effective, it must be infused intravenously every two to three weeks. This high frequency of administration may be inconvenient for patients, while also increasing the infusion burden and the risk of infusion-related reactions..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Review of Drugs, the Brain, and Behavior: The pharmacology of drug use disorders
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1LXzzXUrCtLkHt262RvdgQL-wQ83KCD3iwKsheQgneWU

The video demonstrates the setting up of the isolated tissue/organ bath. It identifies the components of the equipment and describes the functions of each. This procedure also shows adjustments, suitable for related isolated tissue preparations.This series is complementary to the video Setting Up the Harvard Kymograph.This module has been internally reviewed by a cross-disciplinary committee within KNUST prior to releasing as an Open Educational Resource.

The Harvard Kymograph with stimulator is a piece of equipment that enables the recording of contractions of muscles from isolated issue preparations. In order to obtain the best results, suitable adjustment for the preparations should be made. This video demonstrates all possible adjustments that can be made for the best results. The apparatus also enables the worker to treat an isolated tissue preparation with drugs and to record some form of biological activity.This module has been internally reviewed by a cross-disciplinary committee within KNUST prior to releasing as an Open Educational Resource.

Strychnine is the principal alkaloid in nux vomica, the seeds of a tree strychnos nux vomica native to India. A toad is used in demonstrating the CNS ecitatory effect of strychnine.This module has been internally reviewed by a cross-disciplinary committee within KNUST prior to releasing as an Open Educational Resource.

Survey and special topics designed for students in Brain and Cognitive Sciences. Emphasizes ethological studies of natural behavior patterns and their analysis in laboratory work, with contributions from field biology (mammology, primatology), sociobiology, and comparative psychology. Stresses human behavior but also includes major contributions from studies of other animals.