This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Healthy corneas are clear and lack blood vessels, but injuries like alkali burns can trigger neovascularization. This serious complication reduces the patient’s vision and is the leading cause of failure in corneal transplants. Previous studies have suggested that AIP1 (Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1-interacting protein) is involved in inflammatory neovascularization induction and that NOX4 (NADPH oxidase 4) is activated by alkali burns. NOX4 can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) which unbalance the expression of the inflammation-related proteins NLRP3 and NLRP6 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 and 6). Researchers recently used a mouse model to examine how AIP1 and NOX4 are related to NLRP3/NLRP6 after corneal alkali burns. Corneal alkali burns decreased AIP1 expression and increased the expression of two pro-angiogenic proteins, clv-IL-1β (cleaved interleukin-1β) and VEGFa (vascular endothelial growth factor A)..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Students learn about the differences between types of water (surface and ground), as well as the differences between streams, rivers and lakes. Then, they learn about dissolved organic matter (DOM), and the role it plays in identifying drinking water sources. Finally, students are introduced to conventional drinking water treatment processes.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Among the many complications patients with diabetes can experience, cognitive decline is one of them. Diabetes-induced cognitive decline, or DICD, begins with damage to the central nervous system and can result in impaired learning, memory, and judgment. A recent study found that in mice with DICD, injection with the antidiabetic protein FGF1 improved cognition. In a water maze task designed to test memory, diabetic mice treated with FGF1 (db/db+FGF1) reached their goal significantly faster than untreated mice with diabetes (db/db). And the brains of untreated mice (db/db) showed more shrinkage than those of treated mice (db/db+FGF1). Further research should help clarify how FGF1 reduces symptoms of both diabetes and DICD and whether FGF1 might be an effective treatment option for patients with DICD..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

In this presentation, we talk about adaptation and evolution of bacteria. Furthermore, we will discuss how you can work with or against evolution, regarding the treatment of bacteria and biofilms.

this presentation focuses on the problems of treating chronic infections. Furthermore, we will discuss why the host defense seems to be not working probably. In continuation of this, we will discuss whether the problem with chronic infections will increase over the years.

The aim of this presentation is to expand the students’ knowledge about treatment of chronic infections in relation to orthopedic surgery. In the field of orthopedic surgery, several chronic infections exist and sometimes they combine.

In this presentation, we will discuss how to treat chronic infections. In continuation of this, we will discuss some of the issues that one might consider when treating biofilm-associated infections.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 3-5% of the global population While diagnosis is an important first step to accessing proper care ADHD often goes undiagnosed or undertreated, including in the UK To understand why that might be, researchers interviewed general practitioners (GPs) and patients across the country The team discovered several barriers, including the sheer complexity of pathways to care lack of services limited GP recognition and knowledge of ADHD and communication difficulties among GPs and patients The findings suggest that GPs might be ill equipped to identify and manage ADHD in primary care And they highlight areas of improvement specific to the UK healthcare system For their part, the team has devised an educational resource to enhance understanding of ADHD, accessible at www.adhdinfo.org..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive, treatment-resistant liver cancer. One factor associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC and other cancers is elevated levels of the enzyme WIP1. WIP1 removes phosphate groups from other proteins and is involved in many potentially pathogenic processes. Researchers recently explored WIP1 as a target for HCC treatment. In both patient databases and cell culture experiments, WIP1 was consistently elevated in HCC cells compared to normal liver cells. Further experiments revealed that inhibiting WIP1 slowed cancer progression by increasing DNA damage in cancerous cells, thus killing them. With less WIP1 available, more of the key homologous recombination repair protein H2AX was phosphorylated and impaired, allowing damage to accumulate in HCC cells. Cells from cancers with impaired homologous recombination repair, like breast cancer, can be killed by inhibiting another enzyme, PARP..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Light-responsive proteins have revolutionized our understanding of the brain. By introducing the genes encoding these proteins into neurons and then exciting the cells using lasers – a technique known as optogenetics – individual cells can be rapidly turned on or off, enabling exquisitely sensitive investigations of brain function. But a fundamental limitation of the method is that light doesn’t travel very far through brain tissue, which has hampered the study of more buried – and often vital – structures. Now, researchers at the RIKEN Center for Brain Science have developed a way to extend the reach of optogenetics by nearly an order of magnitude, providing new possibilities for deep-brain stimulation. The team accomplished this using a special type of nanoparticle known as an upconversion nanoparticle, so named for its ability to transform – or “upconvert” – near-infrared light into visible output..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

The aim of this presentation is to address different hot topics in our current understanding of aetiology as well as of the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes. We’ll address how genetic as well as epi-genetic and non-genetic mechanisms may be involved in the complex mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. We’ll also introduce recent data suggesting that immature stem-cell functions are likely to play an important role for development of type 2 diabetes and its associated cardiometabolic disturbances. Finally we’ll address the current treatment options of disease with respect of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment modalities.

Course responsible: Associate Professor Signe Sørensen Torekov, MD Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen & Professor Jens Juul Holst

This presentation focuses on the current and novel approaches used to develop drugs in the treatment of obesity. We’ll introduce the student to the physiological regulation of appetite and satiety in relation to meals, then we’ll provide an short overview of the previous and current treatment on the market for the treatment of obesity and finally we’ll describe some of the promising novel approaches pursued for future treatment.

Course responsible: Associate Professor Signe Sørensen Torekov, MD Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen & Professor Jens Juul Holst

This presentation provides an overview of the existing treatment available for treatment of obesity. Genetic studies have revealed that the genes contributing to development of obesity is mainly located in the brain, therefore it would be logical to tro to target the brain when pursuing drugs for the treatment of obesity. However it’s not that simple.

Course responsible: Associate Professor Signe Sørensen Torekov, MD Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen & Professor Jens Juul Holst

This presentation focus’ on the health benefits of being physically active and describes how physical training affects energy balance and metabolic health. Furthermore we’ll discuss the potential of physical training in prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes and finally we’ll demonstrate methods that can be used to evaluate physical fitness, body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity.

Course responsible: Associate Professor Signe Sørensen Torekov, MD Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen & Professor Jens Juul Holst

This presentation provides an introduction to diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2) development and how it’s a significant global burden. We’ll also discusses how stem cell based therapy can be used to treat diabetes and which advantages and disadvantages this treatments provides.

Course responsible: Associate Professor Signe Sørensen Torekov, MD Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen & Professor Jens Juul Holst

This presentation discusses the possibility of finding a cure for type 1 diabetes, and hereby developing a product, that maintains a normal blood glucose level without insulin treatment. In continuation of this, we’ll provide an introduction to beta cell replacement therapy based on The Edmonton Protocol, however we’ll be focusing on relying on stem cell technology rather than that of organ donor islets. Furthermore we’ll discuss how we can combine an encapsulation strategy, so we can avoid the use of immuno-suppression.

Course responsible: Associate Professor Signe Sørensen Torekov, MD Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen & Professor Jens Juul Holst

In this presentation aim to increase the student’s knowledge about translational metabolism, in continuation of this we’ll elaborate on topics related to food ingestion, bone resorption, the intestinale hormone GIP, genetic variation in the receptor of GIP in relation to fracture risk, food availability and bone regulation, blood glucose and future treatment of osteoporosis.

Course responsible: Associate Professor Signe Sørensen Torekov, MD Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen & Professor Jens Juul Holst

This presentation discuss how to treat hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. The cornerstone in the treatment is weight loss and increased physical activity, but most patients need pharmacological treatment from the time of diagnosis in order to control hyperglycemia. Furthermore we’ll discuss the use of all diabetic agents in patient with type 2 diabetes and how it’s important that the anti diabetic treatment is individualized.

Course responsible: Associate Professor Signe Sørensen Torekov, MD Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen & Professor Jens Juul Holst

This presentation provides an introduction to Sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2) and how it affects the blood glucose. Furthermore we’ll discuss how SGLT-2 inhibitors can be used for treating patients with type 2 diabetes. Three SGLT-2 inhibitors have been approved: Dapa, Empa and Canagliflozin, for clinical use in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Course responsible: Associate Professor Signe Sørensen Torekov, MD Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen & Professor Jens Juul Holst

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Exosomes are tiny membrane-bound vesicles that could be cutting-edge tools for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Exosomes are released by nearly every cell type to transport biomolecule cargo between cells and can be found in most body fluids. Among exosome cargos, microRNAs have draw significant attention for their role in the development of various diseases. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that can regulate the expression of protein-encoding genes. Exosomal microRNAs have shown promise as diagnostic biomarkers and as therapeutic targets or even therapeutics themselves. Studies have suggested that the microRNAs in cancer cell exosomes resemble the microRNA pool from their parent cancer cell. Exosomal microRNAs may be of particular use for the detection and treatment of hematologic neoplasms, which include cancers like lymphoma and multiple myeloma. However, there are several barriers than need to be addressed before exosomal microRNAs can be used in clinical settings..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.