Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain how electromagnetic waves differs from sound wavesTrace the path of light through the eye to the point of the optic nerveExplain tonic activity as it is manifested in photoreceptors in the retina

This lesson describes the function and components of the human nervous system. It helps students understand the purpose of our brain, spinal cord, nerves and the five senses. How the nervous system is affected during spaceflight is also discussed in this lesson.

Psychology is designed to meet scope and sequence requirements for the single-semester introduction to psychology course. The book offers a comprehensive treatment of core concepts, grounded in both classic studies and current and emerging research. The text also includes coverage of the DSM-5 in examinations of psychological disorders. Psychology incorporates discussions that reflect the diversity within the discipline, as well as the diversity of cultures and communities across the globe.Senior Contributing AuthorsRose M. Spielman, Formerly of Quinnipiac UniversityContributing AuthorsKathryn Dumper, Bainbridge State CollegeWilliam Jenkins, Mercer UniversityArlene Lacombe, Saint Joseph's UniversityMarilyn Lovett, Livingstone CollegeMarion Perlmutter, University of Michigan

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the basic anatomy of the visual systemDiscuss how rods and cones contribute to different aspects of visionDescribe how monocular and binocular cues are used in the perception of depth

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Retinal degeneration diseases affect over 200 million people worldwide These diseases cause severe vision loss and can ultimately lead to irreversible blindness While excessive light exposure is known to damage photoreceptors and exacerbate retinal degeneration, the underlying mechanism is unclear, making it difficult to effectively treat these diseases In a recent study, researchers sought to understand the mechanisms driving light-induced photoreceptor cell death Using mouse models, they evaluated the molecular changes that occurred in retinal cells after excessive light exposure The results showed that light activated the molecules mTOR and PARP-1, initiating a unique programmed cell death mechanism termed “parthanatos” Blocking this process protected light-damaged photoreceptors, preventing cell death While additional studies are needed to determine the precise mechanisms involved and how these results translate to humans, the results suggest that targeting mTOR and PARP-1 could lead to strateg.."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.