The sensory systems of touch and pain provide us with information about our environment and our bodies that is often crucial for survival and well-being. Moreover, touch is a source of pleasure. In this module, we review how information about our environment and our bodies is coded in the periphery and interpreted by the brain as touch and pain sensations. We discuss how these experiences are often dramatically shaped by top-down factors like motivation, expectation, mood, fear, stress, and context. When well-functioning, these circuits promote survival and prepare us to make adaptive decisions. Pathological loss of touch can result in perceived disconnection from the body, and insensitivity to pain can be very dangerous, leading to maladaptive hazardous behavior. On the other hand, chronic pain conditions, in which these systems start signaling pain in response to innocuous touch or even in the absence of any observable sensory stimuli, have tremendous negative impact on the lives of the affected. Understanding how our sensory-processing mechanisms can be modulated psychologically and physiologically promises to help researchers and clinicians find new ways to alleviate the suffering of chronic-pain patients.

This list presents a basic set of vocabulary words that deal with categories of medicine and medical conditions like colds, influenza, and pain. The majority of words contained within the website are nouns, and some verbs are interspersed. The words and verbs are presented in both Modern Standard Arabic and Egyptian colloquial Arabic. All of the words feature Arabic script and transliteration.

Students discuss several human reproductive technologies available today pregnancy ultrasound, amniocentesis, in-vitro fertilization and labor anesthetics. They learn how each technology works, and that these are ways engineers have worked to improve the health of expecting mothers and babies.

Student teams learn about and devise technical presentations on four reproductive technology topics pregnancy ultrasound, amniocentesis, in-vitro fertilization or labor anesthetics. Each team acts as a panel of engineers asked to make a presentation to a group of students unfamiliar with the reproductive technology. Each group incorporates non-lecture elements into its presentation for greater effectiveness. As students learn about the technologies, by creating a presentation and listening to other groups' presentations, they also learn more about the valuable skill of technical communications.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"When your cat is sick or painful, you take him or her to the veterinarian But pain behaviors are subtle and unique in cats - pain assessment can be difficult and they may not receive proper analgesic treatment Pain assessment tools have been created, but they can be time-consuming to use and can be affected by the cat’s demeanor Now, researchers at the Université de Montréal have developed the Feline Grimace Scale Similar to grimace scales in other species, the tool is a simple method of pain assessment using changes in facial expressions Using video recordings of 70 cats, the researchers compared the images of painful and non-painful cats using rigorous scientific methods They found that the position of the eyes, ears, whiskers, muzzle and head changes under painful conditions These changes will return to their normal position after the administration of pain killers Tests showed that the tool is accurate, valid and reliable, and a cut-off score for rescue analgesia was determined The Fel.."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.