This presentation tries to identify the most important risk factors for developing diabetes. In order to take the next steps in planning diabetes prevention, we need to know what distinguished those at risk of developing diabetes from those who aren’t or are at lower risk within the populations.

Course responsible: Associate Professor Signe Sørensen Torekov, MD Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen & Professor Jens Juul Holst

This presentation talks about which role exercise plays in developing diabetes. We will describe what happens in the body when we exercise, and why these changes help us prevent and treat diabetes. In continuation of this we’ll talk about the interaction between insulin, glucose and muscle cells and how we through exercise, can change our health. Furthermore we’ll discuss how lifestyle can affect one’s future children in terms of developing diabetes later on.

Narrator: Richard Steed.

This presentation talks about who is at risk of developing diabetes and how diabetes will affect the future generations. You will be introduced to how the global amount of people diagnosed with diabetes, according to the WHO and the IDF, will increase from just over 400 million to 600 million by 2030.

Narrator: Richard Steed.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Infection of the knee joint following ACL reconstruction is a rare but serious complication. Past studies have attempted to uncover the risk factors that make certain individuals more susceptible to infection than others. But many of these studies have been limited to small and medium-sized cohorts. A new study reported in the _American Journal of Sports Medicine_ has examined the largest, single-center cohort to date. Findings reveal that graft type, age, and revision surgery could be linked to the risk of infection following ACL reconstruction. The researchers behind the study reviewed more than 11,000 total procedures performed at a single institution between 2010 and 2018. Among these, 48 infections were identified. In addition to infections, the researchers reviewed patient and procedure characteristics associated with infection, infection characteristics, incidence of ACL graft retention and factors associated with retention versus removal of ACL grafts..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Critically ill COVID-19 patients under invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) are at greatly increased risk of death compared to the general population. While some drivers of COVID-19 disease progression, such as inflammation and hypercoagulability, have been identified, they do not completely explain the mortality of critically ill COVID-19 patients, making a search for overlooked factors necessary. A recent study examined the virome of tracheal aspirates from 25 COVID-19 patients under IMV. These samples were compared to tracheal aspirates from non-COVID patients and nasopharyngeal swabs from individuals with mild COVID-19. Critically ill COVID-19 patients had elevated expression of human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K), and elevated HERV-K expression in tracheal aspirate and plasma was associated with early mortality in those same patients. Among deceased patients, HERV-K expression was associated with IL-17-related inflammation, monocyte activation, and increased consumption of clotting factors..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Outline of heart    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeartDefinition of MI  https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/heart%20attackRisk factors of MIManagement of MI http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155919-treatmentsimulation of CPRVideo on MI 

This presentation provides an introduction to the social determinants and drivers of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD). Poor social determinants leads to a higher risk of illness and a lower chance of having suitable healthcare access, which leads to illness, which in turn leads right back to a deeper level of poor social determinants. In continuation of this, we’ll discuss how to address social determinants and how we need to be involved.

This presentation provides an overview of the major determinants and specific drivers of epidemiological transition and changes in disease burdens, including demographic factors, urbanisation, diet, economics, climate changes, disasters, health sector reforms, health care and health care technology.

This presentation focuses on the rise of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and the findings related to NCDs globally. Furthermore, we’ll explore the concept of Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY), which is the main indicator that’ll be used to monitor burden and disease outcomes for the risk factors.

This presentation provides an introduction to the eye disease, Trachoma. Trachoma is a serious health problem in low income countries, causing much suffering and blindness among the poorest populations in 52 countries worldwide. In continuation of this, we will talk about the epidemiology of Trachoma and provide a description of the disease, the risk factors, transmission modes, preventive strategies and interventions including mass drug administration.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The COVID-19 outbreak is a devastating ongoing pandemic. Most patients experience mild symptoms, but some develop severe disease. An even smaller subset of patients develop acute respiratory distress syndrome, which has high mortality. To unravel the molecular mechanisms at play, researchers retroactively examined clinical records from patients with confirmed COVID-19. They found that severe cases had increased levels of inflammatory damage markers and lower T cell numbers – including total T cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells – than moderate cases. Analysis of public single-cell RNA-seq data revealed severe cases had increased clonal expansion of macrophages and highlighted that high-TREM2-expressing macrophages were dramatically enriched in moderate cases of COVID-19. Cell communication analysis suggested that high-TREM2 macrophages drive ligand-receptor cross talk, which may contribute to the exhaustion of CD8+ cells..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Knee problems such as instability of the kneecap and arthritis can be telltale signs that it’s time for surgery. But they’re not the only ones. A new study suggests that focal lesions of the cartilage that cushions the kneecap, or patella, and of the trochlea, the groove where the patella rests, are just as important and can have similar causes. Understanding how these lesions are related to knee alignment and morphology could help clinicians develop more tailored and durable treatments. Researchers reached that conclusion after comparing the knee anatomy of 135 patients with focal patellofemoral cartilage lesions, but no arthritis, to that of 100 patients with normal cartilage. Using M-R-I, they assessed features including patellar morphology, trochlear morphology, patellar malalignment, and the quadriceps vector. Patients with patellofemoral lesions showed greater trochlear dysplasia and patellar malalignment than those in the control group..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Growing up with siblings has many impacts on a child’s development and health, and previous studies suggest that this includes influencing their beneficial microbial communities. But a recent study examined these impacts directly, assessing the airway and gut microbiotas of nearly 700 children. In the COPSAC2010 cohort, the researchers followed the children from one week to six years of age. and found that the presence of siblings was among the most important factors influencing the composition of both microbial communities. This effect was most apparent in the first year of life, and while the number of older siblings had an impact, the age gap to the closest older sibling was a much stronger influence. It has previously been suggested that the microbial impact of siblings may reduce the incidence of ‘atopic diseases’ like asthma, allergy, and eczema, and in this study, having a sibling-influenced gut microbiota at one year old corresponded to reduced risk of asthma at six years old..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Epimedii Folium (EF) is a popular herbal medicine for bone fracture and joint disease. Unfortunately, EF can cause idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI). But the risk factors and mechanisms are not well understood. A new study investigated the liver-damaging effects of the EF compound Icariside I and its effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome a sensor and trigger of inflammatory signals that’s been implicated in IDILI. In cell culture, NLRP3 inflammasome activation by ATP or Nigericin was enhanced by Icariside I. But there was no effect when the inflammasome was activated by SiO2, poly(I:C), or cytosolic lipopolysaccharide. Icariside I alone doesn’t induce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, a key component of liver damage, but it increases their production after activation by ATP or Nigericin. In an IDILI-susceptible mouse model, the administration of Icariside I induced liver damage, but mice pre-treated with an NLRP3 inhibitor showed no signs of liver damage..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.