This presentation provides an introduction to Diabetes.What is diabetes and what happens in the body? You will learn how diabetes is a term used to describe the body’s inability to produce sufficient amounts of insulin and how insulin as a pancreatic hormone functions as a main glucose regulator, that makes sure our glucose levels are balanced. Both high and low blood glucose levels are dangerous. When you have diabetes, the lack of insulin will cause high blood glucose levels, which affects several parts of your body.

Narrator: Richard Steed.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Worldwide, many patients treated for type 2 diabetes are not achieving their recommended glycemic targets. For patients with very poorly controlled diabetes, such as those with an HBA1C more than 2% above their target or with HbA1c over 10%, the ADA and EASD consensus recommendations include combination therapy with both basal insulin and a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (or GLP-1 RA). iGlarLixi is a once-daily, titratable, fixed-ratio combination of basal insulin glargine 100 units (or glargine) and lixisenatide, a GLP-1 RA. The complementary mechanisms of action of lixisenatide and glargine means that this combination targets both fasting and post-prandial hyperglycemia with a single injection. To examine whether iGlarLixi is a therapeutic option for patients with very poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, the authors of the current study analyzed two sub-groups of the LixiLan-O clinical trial. Their findings are published in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A recent study published in the journal Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity suggests that the molecule hydrogen sulfide can help mitigate sarcopenia, a disease characterized by decreased muscle loss and function that often leads to disability in patients with diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is one of the biggest health and development challenges of the 21st century. Currently, 366 million people live with type 2 diabetes, and another 280 million are at high risk. By 2030, those numbers are expected to double. Diabetes is characterized by the body’s ineffective use of insulin and largely results from excess body weight and physical inactivity. Several diseases are associated with diabetes, including high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, and sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by muscle loss and dysfunction leading to disability in patients with diabetes. It’s well known that the symptoms associated with the development of sarcopenia can potentially be mitigated by hydrogen sulfide..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"In the US and east Asia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects at least a quarter of the population. This disease is the manifestation of metabolic syndrome in the liver and can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The gut microbiome is likely a contributing factor in NAFLD development and progression. Recently, researchers sought to identify the mechanisms that link the two together. They used a high-fat/fructose/cholesterol diet (HFC) to induce NALFD-like symptoms in mice and found that adding the prebiotic inulin to their diet ameliorated these symptoms. Inulin-fed mice had global changes to their microbiome, particularly elevated levels of the bacterial groups Bacteroides and Blautia. Inulin supplementation also increased their gut concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, like acetate. Further experiments found that species from Bacteroides and Blautia had a synergistic effect on acetate production..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"People with diabetes who require basal insulin to achieve blood glucose control can be at risk of hypoglycaemia, where blood glucose levels drop too low. In randomised clinical trials (or RCTs), use of second-generation basal insulin analogues, such as insulin glargine 300 units/mL (known as glargine 300) and insulin degludec, results in similar glycated haemoglobin reductions compared with first-generation basal insulin analogues, such as glargine 100 and insulin detemir, but with less hypoglycaemia. However, it is not known whether these results translate directly to routine clinical practice, as RCTs often apply strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, meaning that they may not be generalisable to real-life situations. Electronic medical records are a source of rich real-world data, but using them to make comparisons between different treatments can be difficult because results might be biased by confounding data, something that the randomisation in RCTs is designed to minimise..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

See what Aspen's day is like dealing with glucose levels, finger pricks, insulin pumps and everything that goes along with this life threatening disease. She changes her Omnipod insulin pump and her Dexcom continuous glucose monitor (CGM).

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Type 2 diabetes is a serious disease affecting the way the body converts food into energy, and an increasing number of people are diagnosed with the disorder each year. Those whose mothers had hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP) are particularly at risk, and it is possible that the microbes living in the mother’s gut may be at least somewhat responsible. To find out more, researchers compared the metabolic characteristics and gut microbial communities of mice whose mothers had HIP. The mice were born either naturally or via cesarean section and were nursed by either their own mother or a foster mouse without HIP. Cesarean section birth and foster nursing prevented the transmission of gut microbes from biological mother to offspring. In fact, the gut microbial communities of fostered offspring were more closely related to those of their foster mothers than to those of their biological mothers, with increased relative abundances of Bifidobacterium species and short-chain fatty acid bacterial metabolites..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.