This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Antibiotics are known to impact the bacteria in our gut microbiome, but their impact on gut fungi has been understudied. It is thought that antibiotics increase the fungal population by decreasing the competition from bacteria for nutrients. But a recent study found that the antibiotic amoxicillin-clavulanic acid has the opposite effect. By examining samples from mice and a small number of human infants, researchers found that this treatment triggered a decrease in intestinal fungi. The treatment also led to a total remodel of the fungal and bacterial population structures in the mouse gut microbiomes. Specifically, the fungal community gained a higher proportion of Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Valsa groups, and the bacterial community had an increase in bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae. Many Enterobacteriaceae reduce the fungal growth but among them E. hormaechei was particularly active in vitro and in vivo..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Microbial life can be found in nearly every environment on earth. These tiny organisms can significantly impact their surroundings, be it deep-sea microbes influencing the ecology of the ocean floor or the human gut microbiome affecting health. Metagenomics, or the analysis of microbial DNA in different environments, has dramatically increased what is known about microbial life. These sequencing-based techniques are not dependent on culturing microbes, which can be an incredibly difficult undertaking. However, isolating and cultivating microbes remains important to both confirm and expand upon those results. Moreover, cultivated microbes could potentially be used as probiotics or biocontrol agents or for industrial purposes. To date, most environmental microbes remain uncultured, but metagenomic data can be leveraged to help researchers isolate and cultivate new ones..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Plants have diverse microbiomes, which have profound effects on their hosts. But it is not yet known if, or how, plant hosts influence their microbiomes. Recently, researchers comprehensively examined the influence maize has on its microbiomes. Plant developmental stage had a stronger influence on plant microbiomes than on soil microbiomes and the strongest effect was on the phylloplane. Phylloplane microbiomes were co-shaped by both plant growth and seasonal environmental factors, with the air as its important source. Phylloplane bacteria and fungi took on different roles in the early and late stages. In plant compartments, deterministic processes had the strongest effect on bacterial communities at the early stage and then on fungal communities at the late stage. The microbial interkingdom network and crop yield predication also followed this pattern - bacterial taxa played the most important role in the early stage and fungal taxa in the late stage, respectively..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This article discusses the types of plants found in the Arctic and Antarctic as well as the adaptations that enable their survival in the polar regions' harsh conditions.

A lecture will be hosted by the educator. The first four sections cover factual information and in the activity students will draw conclusions about spore germination. The last section will highlight a scientist and current trends in mycology.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The microbes found in topsoil are a vital part of the Earth’s ecology. While several recent studies have explored these microbiomes on a global scale, their data on sub-Saharan Africa was sparse, despite the looming threat of climate change to the region. To close this gap, researchers recently examined the microbial ecology of 810 sites across 9 sub-Saharan African countries. The topsoil microbiomes were shaped by a broad range of environmental factors, particularly pH, precipitation, and temperature, and each nation had a quantifiably distinct topsoil microbiome. Computer models based on the data also predicted how country-specific microbiomes might respond to climate change. In Kenya, for example, higher temperatures and lower rainfall could diminish microbial diversity, whereas in Benin, the predicted increase in precipitation is likely to boost fungal biodiversity..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Aspergillus fumigatus infection is difficult to diagnose and can develop into a dangerous condition called invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The spores (conidia) from A. fumigatus are common in the air but normally our lung structure and immune system are protective. But events and illnesses that interrupt our immune system or damage our lungs can increase the risk of infection. Radiotherapy is one such event and its widespread application has increased the incidence of A. fumigatus infections. but the exact mechanism is poorly understood. A recent study in mice found that radiation destroyed the pulmonary epithelial barrier and increased the burden of A. fumigatus in the lungs. Further experiments determined that NLRP3 inflammasome signaling was triggering pyroptosis of the lung epithelial cells. Pyroptosis is a highly inflammatory type of programmed cell death where the cell bursts. Knocking out the gene for NLRP3 blocked pyroptosis, reduced the damage to the epithelial barrier, and reduced the A..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Children in daycare centers are exposed to various bacteria and fungi. Exposure to certain indoor fungi can lead to adverse health effects, but the extent to which the fungal community, or mycobiome, affects children in daycares remains unclear. To learn more, a recent study investigated the indoor mycobiomes of two daycare centers in Norway over the course of a year. DNA metabarcoding of dust samples from the daycares revealed that less-used rooms had fungal communities similar to the outdoor mycobiome, which were markedly different from the communities in the main rooms. The less-used rooms tended to have more Basidiomycota species. while the main rooms had more Ascomycota species. The indoor mycobiome composition was also strongly affected by the outdoor climate, exhibiting clear seasonality..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Travel underground for an up-close look at the ants, amoebas, and bacteria that maintain healthy soil.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Our microbiome plays a key role in our health and contains bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. However, due to several factors, the bacterial residents get the most attention. Consequently, our understanding of fungi and their interactions with other microbiome residents remains limited. A recent study addressed this by collecting data on the nasal cavity and oropharynx microbiome of healthy newborn infants. The fungal and bacterial species composition was most strongly influenced by location in the airway. However, breastfeeding status also significantly shaped both the bacterial and fungal communities in the oropharynx. Multi-kingdom microbial networks inference analysis suggested potential interactions between the fungi and bacteria. To examine potential impacts on the infants, the gene expression in their nasal cavity was also evaluated..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Infectious disease is a major disruptor of the pork industry. It can reduce production rates, trigger trade restrictions, and lead to large-scale mortality of the pigs themselves. Despite these serious impacts, the common diagnostic tools don’t capture the full range of potential pathogens, and the high rate of multiple pathogen co-infection further complicates diagnosis. Despite this, few studies have systematically characterized pig pathogens. To close this gap, researchers sequenced the microbial gene expression from pig clinical samples. This allowed researchers to characterize the diversity, abundance, genomes, and epidemiological history of a range of potential pathogens. They identified 34 RNA virus species, 9 DNA virus species, 7 bacterial species, and 3 fungal species as potential pathogens. Most were known pig pathogens, except for two of the fungi, which were novel members of the genus Pneumocystis..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.