This optional field trip is designed to augment the in-class learning experience in introductory physical geology by providing students the opportunity to see firsthand local geological features and understand their context in the long-term tectonic evolution of the western United States. The university is conveniently located in a portion of the American west where a plethora of geological features are readily accessible over a total field trip duration of 6 hours. Over a total of 6 field stops, students are presented with an opportunity to observe features relevant to topics learned in class involving rock types, volcanic features (lava flows and ash fall deposits), faults and folds, mass wasting features, catastrophic flood deposits (Bonneville and Missoula floods), and loess deposits.

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The central point of this course is to provide a physical basis that links the structure of materials with their properties, focusing primarily on metals. With this understanding in hand, the concepts of alloy design and microstructural engineering are also discussed, linking processing and thermodynamics to the structure and properties of metals.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The gut microbiome comprises a diverse range of eukaryotic microorganisms, archaea, bacteria, and viruses that influence our health and wellness. The most abundant type of microbe in the gut – viruses that infect bacteria, called phages – are highly diverse, individual-specific, and stable over time. Phages have gained attention recently as modulators of the gut microbiome and health, but inducible prophages are difficult to identify in bacterial genomes, making them challenging to study. A new study presents a method for using high-throughput sequencing data to locate inducible prophages. Researchers used a well-established model system to validate their methods, including phage-to-host ratios and phage location in the reference genome. After validation, they expanded their methods to a murine gut model microbiota and were able to locate five novel inducible prophages, quantify their activity, and show signatures of lateral transduction potential..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Walking up and down the hallways of Davey Lab at Penn State, you can find astronomers searching for and characterizing exoplanets, monitoring supernovae and other exploding stars, and measuring the details of the accelerating expansion of the Universe to determine the nature of dark energy. In Astro 801, we learn that with only the ability to measure the light from these distant, unreachable objects, we can still determine how the Solar System, stars, galaxies, and the Universe formed and evolved since the Big Bang. We are all citizens of the Universe, and in fact, you are made of starstuff. Come learn where the atoms in your body came from, and what will happen to them long after we are gone.

This is a field investigation where students observe plants in a school forest setting. Students then compare adaptations of plants from different parts of the forest.

The H-R diagram is a scatter graph of stars, a plot of stellar absolute magnitude or luminosity versus temperature or stellar classification. It is an important astronomical tool for understanding how stars evolve over time. Stellar evolution cannot be studied by observing individual stars as most changes occur over millions and billions of years. Astrophysicists observe numerous stars at various stages in their evolutionary history to determine their changing properties and probable evolutionary tracks across the H-R diagram. In this activity, students plot both maxima and minima with corresponding stellar classifications for several variables, and then identify the type of variability: Cepheid, RR Lyrae, Mira or Semiregular. This activity includes background information, a teacher guide, a student activity, and accompanying worksheets. The American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) and The Chandra X-Ray mission have collaborated to develop this activity.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The ability to label and manipulate proteins in the body is essential to modern biological research. Unfortunately, current methods, such as tagging with antibodies, are often inefficient and expensive. Even worse, researchers are realizing that many of the antibodies available just simply don’t work. Now, a new molecular tool could help researchers break through that barrier. Researchers in the Soderling Laboratory of the Cell Biology Department at Duke University, have developed a high-throughput system capable of modifying entire panels of proteins using a new dual-vector gene-editing approach. Dubbed Homology-independent Universal Genome Engineering, this system allows for the dynamic visualization and functional manipulation of proteins both in vitro and in vivo, including in neurons. This is HiUGE. HiUGE isn’t the first protein-modifying system to rely on gene editing..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Political Economists are concerned with the allocation of scarce resources in a world of infinite wants and needs. In order to allocate these resources, politics are used within a state to provide for the people. Political economy is the study of the relationships between individuals and society, and more specifically, the relationships between citizens and states.

Political economy is a study of philosophy and ideology that studies the evolution of political and economic ideas. Political economy is a mixture of politics, economics, sociology, philosophy, and history, which all bring together evidence to the study of how humans exist within societies. Political economists study political ideology, economic structure, human interaction, human nature, and theories in philosophical thought. It is a study that studies not only the mechanics of a particular structure, but also the reasoning behind why a structure is regarded to be the best by various people with different beliefs.

The study of political economics can be split into two different sections, one which is Classical Political Economy and the other which is Modern Political Economy. The classical branch studies range from the conservative philosophers such as Machiavelli to liberals such as Adam Smith to the critiquers of liberalism such as Marx. The modern branch studies range from social liberals such as Keynes to modern political economists whose works deal with a multitude of issues including foreign trade and globalization.

This is a page on the Fast Plants website, describing the Polycot variety of Fast Plants (Brassica rapa). Two generations of the Polycot variety are available, each with a different % of expression of the polycot trait. This page includes suggestions for investigations and teaching applications using this seed variety, including use as a model organism in demonstrating artificial selection.

polyplod is a important fact in Plants. It is common in plants and not in animals. Autopolyploids are important for the development of seedless crops and vegetative part as a economic part. Allopolyploids are important in evolution and Aneuploids are important for linkage studies

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The global carbon cycle is a critical process that moves carbon from the atmosphere into plant and animal materials and then back into the atmosphere. Two major parts of this cycle are microalgae blooms in the oceans and bacterial blooms that occur when the microalgae die. Microalgae are made mostly of polysaccharides, so polysaccharide breakdown is an important aspect of the bacterial blooms. To learn more bloom dynamics, researchers recently sampled the water at 30 time points during a two-phase spring bloom in the German Bight. They were able to reconstruct 251 genomes of planktonic bacteria, 50 of which were particularly abundant and active. These 50 genomes represented many polysaccharide-degrading bacteria. β-Glucans and α-glucans were the most abundant and actively metabolized polysaccharides in the water. The bacteria degraded both types of glucans throughout the whole bloom, but the expression of α-glucan degrading genes peaked at the start of the second phase..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Objective To investigate the replication validity of biomedical association studies covered by newspapers. Methods We used a database of 4723 primary studies included in 306 meta-analysis articles. These studies associated a risk factor with a disease in three biomedical domains, psychiatry, neurology and four somatic diseases. They were classified into a lifestyle category (e.g. smoking) and a non-lifestyle category (e.g. genetic risk). Using the database Dow Jones Factiva, we investigated the newspaper coverage of each study. Their replication validity was assessed using a comparison with their corresponding meta-analyses. Results Among the 5029 articles of our database, 156 primary studies (of which 63 were lifestyle studies) and 5 meta-analysis articles were reported in 1561 newspaper articles. The percentage of covered studies and the number of newspaper articles per study strongly increased with the impact factor of the journal that published each scientific study. Newspapers almost equally covered initial (5/39 12.8%) and subsequent (58/600 9.7%) lifestyle studies. In contrast, initial non-lifestyle studies were covered more often (48/366 13.1%) than subsequent ones (45/3718 1.2%). Newspapers never covered initial studies reporting null findings and rarely reported subsequent null observations. Only 48.7% of the 156 studies reported by newspapers were confirmed by the corresponding meta-analyses. Initial non-lifestyle studies were less often confirmed (16/48) than subsequent ones (29/45) and than lifestyle studies (31/63). Psychiatric studies covered by newspapers were less often confirmed (10/38) than the neurological (26/41) or somatic (40/77) ones. This is correlated to an even larger coverage of initial studies in psychiatry. Whereas 234 newspaper articles covered the 35 initial studies that were later disconfirmed, only four press articles covered a subsequent null finding and mentioned the refutation of an initial claim. Conclusion Journalists preferentially cover initial findings although they are often contradicted by meta-analyses and rarely inform the public when they are disconfirmed.

The higher the genetic diversity in a population, the more resilient the population is to environmental change. Created by Sal Khan.

Short Description:
Goal: To practice, develop, and share protocols to go from sample to data insights with nanopore sequencing.

Long Description:
As part of the NIH-funded IPERT MBLEM program at NC State, we are offering our first Enhanced Summer Workshops on Nanopore Sequencing for ten undergraduate students. This two-week residential experience is for undergraduates interested in learning laboratory and bioinformatics skills focusing on the long-read sequencing technologies developed by Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Nanopore offers direct single-molecule sequencing through the use of engineered pores. Changes in current are interpreted by software to determine the genetic sequences. The technology is portable (often hand-held!), accessible to numerous labs and institutions, and quickly expanding. PORES: Promoting Open Research Experiences with (long-read) Sequencing. The PORES logo was created with BioRender.com.

Word Count: 3867

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Use valley and slope deposits to reconstruct recent landscape erosion and sedimentation history.

(Note: this resource was added to OER Commons as part of a batch upload of over 2,200 records. If you notice an issue with the quality of the metadata, please let us know by using the 'report' button and we will flag it for consideration.)

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The relationships between cnidarians such as corals and their symbiotic microbes, including algae, bacteria, and other microorganisms, are key to reef health. However, along with ocean warming, eutrophication threatens these relationships by overwhelming the algal symbionts with dissolved nutrients. Some cnidarians with symbionts, including certain jellyfish, are very tolerant of eutrophication, and understanding these host-symbiont units (holobionts) could provide insights for reef preservation. A recent study investigated nutrient cycling in the eutrophication-resistant upside-down jellyfish. Isotope labelling revealed that the jellyfish shared carbon and nitrogen from food with their algal symbionts, but the algae had very limited access to nitrogen dissolved in the water. According to DNA metabarcoding, symbiotic jellyfish had lower bacterial diversity than algae-depleted (aposymbiotic) jellyfish, and lower diversity was correlated with lower nitrogen assimilation..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This course explores the evolution of poverty and economic security in the United States, within a global context. It examines the impact of recent economic restructuring and globalization, and reviews the current debate about the fate of the middle class, sources of increasing inequality, and approaches to advancing economic opportunity and security. In this class, students will study the topic of poverty and economic security through the lens of the lived experience of Americans: individuals, families, and households; exploring the history, geography, and forces shaping the likelihood of being poor in America.

This course explores the evolution of poverty and economic security in the United States, within a global context. It examines the impact of recent economic restructuring and globalization, and reviews the current debate about the fate of the middle class, sources of increasing inequality, and approaches to advancing economic opportunity and security. In this class, students will study the topic of poverty and economic security through the lens of the lived experience of Americans: individuals, families, and households; exploring the history, geography, and forces shaping the likelihood of being poor in America.