Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe an open and closed circulatory systemDescribe interstitial fluid and hemolymphCompare and contrast the organization and evolution of the vertebrate circulatory system.

Revised for Bio 101, Human Circulatory System, Errors in MC questions fixed.By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe an open and closed circulatory systemDescribe interstitial fluid and hemolymphCompare and contrast the organization and evolution of the vertebrate circulatory system.

Blood circles through the heart, which pumps it to the lungs where it picks up oxygen - this is the pulmonary circulation. This resources tracks the route of blood through the heart and lungs and provides illustrated diagrams and assessment tools.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The transcription factor CREB plays an important role in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, both increased and decreased CREB expression have been proposed to mediate the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Additionally, the regulatory signaling of CREB activation in PASMCs proliferation has not been well characterized in PH. Researchers recently used various in vitro techniques to clarify CREB’s role. CRE-containing genes were upregulated in PH PASMCs, and total and phosphorylated CREB protein levels were elevated in PASMCs from rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH. Prolonged upregulation of serum-induced CREB phosphorylation was also observed in hypoxia-pretreated PASMCs. These results may have been due to activation of multiple protein kinases and downregulation of numerous phosphatases targeting CREB..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Students are presented with the unit's grand challenge problem: You are the lead engineer for a biomaterials company that has a cardiovascular systems client who wants you to develop a model that can be used to test the properties of heart valves without using real specimens. How might you go about accomplishing this task? What information do you need to create an accurate model? How could your materials be tested? Students brainstorm as a class, then learn some basic information relevant to the problem (by reading the transcript of an interview with a biomedical engineer), and then learn more specific information on how heart tissues work their structure and composition (lecture information presented by the teacher). This prepares them for the associated activity, during which students cement their understanding of the heart and its function by dissecting sheep hearts to explore heart anatomy.