Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe how cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growthUnderstand how proto-oncogenes are normal cell genes that, when mutated, become oncogenesDescribe how tumor suppressors functionExplain how mutant tumor suppressors cause cancer

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe how cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growthUnderstand how proto-oncogenes are normal cell genes that, when mutated, become oncogenesDescribe how tumor suppressors functionExplain how mutant tumor suppressors cause cancer

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"NTRK, ROS1, and ALK gene fusions are recognised oncodrivers in many cancers. Oncogenic fusions result in constitutively active tyrosine kinases and downstream activation of pathways associated with tumour growth, survival, and proliferation. NTRK fusions, for example, are found in both adult and paediatric cancers and are extremely common in some rare cancers. All three fusion types are found in non–small cell lung cancer. At diagnosis, many patients with NTRK-fusion-positive solid tumours, including NTRK-positive non–small cell lung cancer, or with ROS1-positive non–small cell lung cancer also have brain metastases. These metastases are linked to a worse prognosis. Although effective drugs exist for both NTRK-positive solid tumours and ROS1-positive non–small cell lung cancer, most don’t penetrate the CNS well enough to treat brain metastases. Entrectinib, an orally active small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively inhibits TRK, ROS1 and ALK, acts in both the periphery and the CNS..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.