This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by …
This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:
"Malignant gliomas are the most common and the deadliest type of tumor affecting the central nervous system. Even after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, gliomas can still have a poor prognosis. But growing evidence is pointing to one promising target for fighting glioma. Exosomes are tiny sacs of cellular matter implicated in numerous cell processes. including signaling and communication and glioma progression. miRNAs are among the most important glioma-related payloads shuttled between cells by exosomes. In addition to increasing the risk of developing glioma. miRNAs can confer chemotherapy drug resistance from one cell to another or they can even help inhibit glioma tumor growth. Researchers are discovering that exosomal proteins may play similar roles. Understanding how exosomes operate and how they might be manipulated. could help researchers and clinicians deliver more powerful anti-cancer therapies to patients with glioma..."
The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.
This work consists of original content and adapted OpenStax content. Each image …
This work consists of original content and adapted OpenStax content. Each image is attributed with the source page in the figure description, in accordance to each respective license. OpenStax content has been remixed into the “Theory and Background” and “Relations to Health Sciences” sections of this work. OpenStax remixing consists of rearrangement, minor instructional design augmentations, and minor phrasing edits. All other sections within this work are originally created content.
The MIT Biology Department core courses, 7.012, 7.013, and 7.014, all cover …
The MIT Biology Department core courses, 7.012, 7.013, and 7.014, all cover the same core material, which includes the fundamental principles of biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, and cell biology. Biological function at the molecular level is particularly emphasized and covers the structure and regulation of genes, as well as, the structure and synthesis of proteins, how these molecules are integrated into cells, and how these cells are integrated into multicellular systems and organisms. In addition, each version of the subject has its own distinctive material. 7.012 focuses on the exploration of current research in cell biology, immunology, neurobiology, genomics, and molecular medicine. Acknowledgments The study materials, problem sets, and quiz materials used during Fall 2004 for 7.012 include contributions from past instructors, teaching assistants, and other members of the MIT Biology Department affiliated with course #7.012. Since the following works have evolved over a period of many years, no single source can be attributed.
The MIT Biology Department core Introductory Biology courses, 7.012, 7.013, 7.014, 7.015, …
The MIT Biology Department core Introductory Biology courses, 7.012, 7.013, 7.014, 7.015, and 7.016 all cover the same core material, which includes the fundamental principles of biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, and cell biology. The focus of 7.013 is on genomic approaches to human biology, including neuroscience, development, immunology, tissue repair and stem cells, tissue engineering, and infectious and inherited diseases, including cancer.
The MIT Biology Department core courses, 7.012, 7.013, and 7.014, all cover …
The MIT Biology Department core courses, 7.012, 7.013, and 7.014, all cover the same core material, which includes the fundamental principles of biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, and cell biology. Biological function at the molecular level is particularly emphasized and covers the structure and regulation of genes, as well as, the structure and synthesis of proteins, how these molecules are integrated into cells, and how these cells are integrated into multicellular systems and organisms. In addition, each version of the subject has its own distinctive material. 7.014 focuses on the application of these fundamental principles, toward an understanding of microorganisms as geochemical agents responsible for the evolution and renewal of the biosphere and of their role in human health and disease. Acknowledgements The study materials, problem sets, and quiz materials used during Spring 2005 for 7.014 include contributions from past instructors, teaching assistants, and other members of the MIT Biology Department affiliated with course 7.014. Since the following works have evolved over a period of many years, no single source can be attributed.
The MIT Biology Department core courses, 7.012, 7.013, and 7.014, all cover …
The MIT Biology Department core courses, 7.012, 7.013, and 7.014, all cover the same core material, which includes the fundamental principles of biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, and cell biology. 7.013 focuses on the application of the fundamental principles toward an understanding of human biology. Topics include genetics, cell biology, molecular biology, disease (infectious agents, inherited diseases and cancer), developmental biology, neurobiology and evolution. Biological function at the molecular level is particularly emphasized in all courses and covers the structure and regulation of genes, as well as, the structure and synthesis of proteins, how these molecules are integrated into cells, and how these cells are integrated into multicellular systems and organisms. In addition, each version of the subject has its own distinctive material.
Proteins are an essential ingredient of each and every cell and constitute …
Proteins are an essential ingredient of each and every cell and constitute most of its dry mass. This Mini Lecture explores the chemical structures of the macromolecules and introduces to the specific, three-dimensional constitution of the amino-acid-chain, the buildup and degradation of proteins with lecture snippets of Nobel Laureates Christian Anfinsen and Johann Deisenhofer.
In this activity on page 1 of the PDF, learners compare the …
In this activity on page 1 of the PDF, learners compare the relative sizes of biological objects (like DNA and bacteria) that can't be seen by the naked eye. Learners will be surprised to discover the range of sizes in the microscopic world. This activity can be followed up with a second activity, "What's in a microbe?", located on page 3 in the same resource.
This Protein Purification video lesson is intended to give students some insight …
This Protein Purification video lesson is intended to give students some insight into the process and tools that scientists and engineers use to explore proteins. It is designed to extend the knowledge of students who are already somewhat sophisticated and who have a good understanding of basic biology. The question that motivates this lesson is, ''what makes two cell types different?'' and this question is posed in several ways. Such scientific reasoning raises the experimental question: how could you study just a subset of specialized proteins that distinguish one cell type from another? Two techniques useful in this regard are considered in the lesson.
In this activity, students interact with 12 models to observe emergent phenomena …
In this activity, students interact with 12 models to observe emergent phenomena as molecules assemble themselves. Investigate the factors that are important to self-assembly, including shape and polarity. Try to assemble a monolayer by "pushing" the molecules to the substrate (it's not easy!). Rotate complex molecules to view their structure. Finally, create your own nanostructures by selecting molecules, adding charges to them, and observing the results of self-assembly.
Learn about organic chemistry through engaging, bitesize animated videos. They are organised …
Learn about organic chemistry through engaging, bitesize animated videos. They are organised into these chapters: crude oil, functional groups, alkanes and alkenes, alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters, polymers, proteins, carbohydrates, organic chemistry in everyday life and nanoscience.
The goal of proteomics is to analyze the varying proteomes of an …
The goal of proteomics is to analyze the varying proteomes of an organism at different times, in order to highlight differences between them. Put more simply, proteomics analyzes the structure and function of biological systems. [8] For example, the protein content of a cancerous cell is often different from that of a healthy cell. Certain proteins in the cancerous cell may not be present in the healthy cell, making these unique proteins good targets for anti-cancer drugs. The realization of this goal is difficult; both purification and identification of proteins in any organism can be hindered by a multitude of biological and environmental factors. [9]
This site takes us into the world of structural biology -- a …
This site takes us into the world of structural biology -- a branch of molecular biology that focuses on the shape of nucleic acids and proteins (the molecules that do most of the work in our bodies). Learn about the structures and roles of proteins, tools used to study protein shapes, how proteins are used in designing new medications (for AIDS and arthritis), and what structural biology reveals about all life processes. Find out about careers in biomedical research.
All cells, organs and tissues of a living organism are built of …
All cells, organs and tissues of a living organism are built of molecules. Some of them are small, made from only a few atoms. There is, however, a special class of molecules that make up and play critical roles in living cells. These molecules can consist of many thousands to millions of atoms. They are referred to as macromolecules (or large biomolecules).
This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by …
This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:
"The microscopic tardigrade is one of the toughest known organisms in the animal kingdom, capable of surviving environmental extremes such as near-complete desiccation, freezing and high temperatures, and ionizing radiation. Exactly how these tiny creatures are able to withstand these stresses has remained largely a mystery. Now, research is showcasing the role of three protein families not found in other organisms, collectively referred to as tardigrade disordered proteins (TDPs). Unlike typical folded proteins, in solution many TDPs lack a stable 3D structure. This lack of structure may allow them to adopt different conformations under different environmental conditions. Although seemingly diverse, the stress conditions that tardigrades can tolerate are actually quite similar. Similarly to desiccation, freezing removes water from proteins and membranes, and irradiation induces genome damage like that observed during drying..."
The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.
Uniporters, symporters, and antiporters are proteins that are used in ƒ??transportƒ?? of …
Uniporters, symporters, and antiporters are proteins that are used in ƒ??transportƒ?? of substances across a cell membrane. Uniporters are involved in facilitated diffusion and work by binding to one molecule of substrate at a time to move it along its concentration gradient. Symporters and antiporters are involved in active transport. Antiporters transport molecules in opposite directions, while symporters transport molecules in the same direction.
DNA are instructions that code for the production of proteins. If the …
DNA are instructions that code for the production of proteins. If the DNA are the instructions for the proteins, something must be wrong in the DNA for people with DMD.
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