Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:Describe the roles of male and female reproductive hormonesDiscuss the interplay of the ovarian and menstrual cyclesDescribe the process of menopause

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer, and it is also one of the most deadly. People who take progesterone for hormone replacement therapy or contraceptive purposes may be particularly at risk. A new study showed that disruption of the intricate balance between two cell signaling cascades may be at least partly to blame. Progesterone is thought to trigger cellular responses by binding to either classic nuclear receptors or non- classic membrane receptors. Researchers showed that the genes CCM1-3 (which form the CCM signaling complex) mediate the crosstalk between the signaling pathways associated with these two receptor types. The signaling network involving progesterone, the CCM complex, and membrane and nuclear receptors relies on an intricate feedback system to maintain homeostasis, indicating that excess progesterone can throw it out of balance..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Many metabolic diseases show clear differences in how they manifest between males and females. While gonadal steroid hormones have been suggested as the underlying cause, the gut microbiome could also play a critical role. A new study investigated how the makeup and function of the gut microbiome is related to sex, menopausal status, and circulating gonadal steroids in humans. Important differences in gut microbiota composition and functionality were found between (a) pre-menopausal women and (b) men and post-menopausal women. But obesity overrode those differences. In addition, microbiome profiles were associated with certain gonadal steroids, particularly circulating testosterone and serum progesterone. Interestingly, microbiome signatures could be transferred from human donors to microbiome-depleted male mice, with the microbiome of mice 4 weeks after transplantation predicting donors’ testosterone levels..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Breast cancer affects 1 in 8 women worldwide. While early diagnosis and treatment have improved, recurring cancer is difficult to control, resulting in a poor survival rate. A recent study focused on better understanding the role of a hormone signaling component in breast cancer progression. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (Pgrmc1) is a non-classical progesterone receptor with diverse roles in metabolism and steroidogenesis. Using a mouse model of breast cancer, researchers examined tumor development and lung metastasis in mice with or without Pgrmc1. They found that while silencing Pgrmc1 did not affect tumor size at 13 weeks, mice lacking Pgrmc1 survived significantly longer than wild-type mice. Mice without Pgrmc1 also exhibited a lower degree of lung metastasis and lower expression of migration and metastasis markers and in breast cancer cell lines, silencing Pgrmc1 reduced the migration rate..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.