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Antibiotic resistance profiles in the Yangtze River
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Resistance to antibiotics is a growing global threat to human and animal health. Much of the current research into antibiotic resistance has focused on the human gut, but significantly less of it has examined rivers, which are akin to a terrestrial ‘gut.’ To close this gap, researchers examined the antibiotic resistance genes and their hosts in the 3rd longest river in the world, the Yangtze. They identified 1853 species of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that collectively carried 31 types of antibiotic resistance genes. Human pathogenic bacteria carried a disproportionately large share of the resistance genes. Specifically, human pathogens accounted for 5.9% of the host population found in the river sediment, but they carried 46% of the resistance genes there. In the water column, human pathogens carried 64% of the resistance genes while representing only 13.4% of the host population. The dominant antibiotic resistance genes differed from those found in the human gut, anthropogenic systems, or lakes..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
04/14/2023
Bacteria from the mesenteric microbiome of patients with Crohn’s disease promotes colitis in mice
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Crohn’s disease is an incredibly painful inflammatory bowel disease that frequently reoccurs after treatment. The growth of a certain type of abdominal fat has been associated with Crohn's disease recurrence. This fat, called mesenteric adipose tissue, is tucked up against the membrane connecting the intestines to the abdominal wall. Microbes can escape the intestines in Crohn's disease and may affect the mesenteric fat. Recently, researchers explored this relationship by investigating the mesenteric microbiome of patients with Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease patients had distinct mesenteric microbiomes, host gene expression patterns, and metabolites compared to controls. To explore the specifics, the researchers isolated bacterial strains from the mesenteric microbiome of these patients. In a mouse model of colitis, introducing a mixture of five of the isolated bacterial strains made disease symptoms worse. One of these strains, _A..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
03/01/2022
Biology
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CC BY
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Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
Rice University
Provider Set:
OpenStax College
Date Added:
08/22/2012
Environmental disturbance shapes the gut microbiome in yellow perch
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Disturbances such as antibiotics and environmental toxicity can alter microbial communities in the gut Afterward, gut microbe species recover to different extents, resulting in altered proportions of the microbes post-disturbance Unfortunately, it is still unclear what shapes the composition of gut microbiota ecosystems during recovery A recent study evaluated these changes in yellow perch after exposure to toxic metals Researchers exposed the fish to cadmium chloride in the laboratory and then evaluated the microbes on their skin and gut surfaces DNA sequencing demonstrated that while gut microbes recovered well after exposure Skin microbes recovered incompletely, resulting in the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens Interestingly, the type of cadmium exposure also affected recovery Recovery was better in microbial communities after constant exposure, while gradually increasing exposure altered microbe levels to a greater extent Although further studies are needed to fully understand how microbe.."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
04/24/2020
Extra benefit of microalgae in raw piggery wastewater treatment: pathogen reduction
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Managing wastewater is a major logistical puzzle that impacts the environment, the climate, and public health. While metropolitan wastewater typically undergoes complex processing and sanitation, rural livestock wastewater is often simply composted for fertilizer, but composting can release harmful contaminants like ammonia, CO₂, and methane. One way to still capture the nutrients with fewer harmful byproducts is by cultivating microalgae, which actually absorb CO₂ via photosynthesis rather than producing it. But how do microalgae impact pathogens? A recent pilot study using raw piggery wastewater found that microalgae cultivation dramatically reduced the pathogen load while also triggering a dramatic shift in the overall bacterial community composition. Further investigation using the most abundant pathogen, Oligella, found that the microalgae weren’t impacting Oligella directly. Rather, microalgae cultivation reduced Oligella abundance through a network of other bacterial species..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
04/14/2023
Genomics and epidemiology of multidrug resistance in wastewater treatment plant bacteria
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Multidrug-resistant bacteria are a threat to both human and animal health worldwide. Bacteria often gain resistance to drugs by collecting antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from other bacteria. One potential hotbed for this exchange is wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), where environmental bacteria co-mingle with human/animal-associated bacteria. Unfortunately, little is known about the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant bacteria in WWTPs. To close this gap, researchers isolated 82 multidrug-resistant bacterial strains from WWTPs and compared their genomes to bacterial genomes found in public databases. Most multidrug-resistant bacteria were not closely related to human/animal-associated bacteria, and those that were closely related had distinct plasmid profiles compared to relatives. Plasmids, as opposed to chromosomes, were also the main carriers of ARGs..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
05/17/2022
Glutamic acid reshapes the plant microbiota to protect plants against pathogens
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A plant’s microbiome is made up of all the microorganisms living on or in its tissues and can drive numerous aspects of its health and development. Scientists think it could be possible to harness these microbial communities to maximize crop health and productivity. To explore this possibility, a team of researchers examined the effects of glutamic acid, an important amino acid naturally produced by plants, on their microbiomes. Applying glutamic acid at 2-week intervals drastically altered the microbiome composition of strawberry and tomato plants, notably increasing the abundance of _Streptomyces globisporus_ SP6C4, a key microbe known to negatively affect pathogens that attack these species. This increase in _Streptomyces globisporus_ SP6C4 was also associated with reductions in diseases of both the leaves and roots, including gray mold and Fusarium wilt..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
05/17/2022
Med Myst: Mission 1, Orientation at O.R.B.
Read the Fine Print
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This is an interactive learning adventure for middle school students and has accompanying classroom activities and magazines. In this challenge, students will perform experiments to identify the germ responsible for a fungal disease. Students will follow rules or postulates worked out by Dr. Koch in the late 1800s for establishing whether a specific germ causes a particular infectious disease: 1. The suspected pathogen must be present in every case of the disease; 2. The suspected pathogen must be isolated from the host and grown in pure culture; 3. The disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the suspected pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host; 4. The same pathogen must be recovered from the newly infected host. The Germ Theory of Disease holds that germs or microorganisms cause infectious diseases. Funded through the National Center for Research Resources and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Game
Interactive
Lesson Plan
Provider:
Rice University
Provider Set:
Rice Center for Technology in Teaching and Learning
Date Added:
04/18/2012
Med Myst: Mission 5, Zero Hour Zoonoses
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This is an interactive learning adventure for middle school students and has accompanying classroom activities and magazines. In Mission Five: Zero Hour Zoonoses, students learn about zoonotic pathogens and the diseases they cause, while trying to prevent a bioterror attack.

Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Game
Lesson Plan
Provider:
Rice University
Provider Set:
Rice Center for Technology in Teaching and Learning
Date Added:
04/18/2012
Metagenomics of inhalable antibiotic resistomes emitted from hospitals
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Antibiotic resistance is a growing threat to global public health. While antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can arise in many different environments, environments with heavy antibiotic use, such as livestock farms and hospitals, are of particular concern. ARGs can then spread to human pathogens via horizontal gene transfer and the inhalation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria presents a particularly dangerous route of exposure. Thus, a recent study characterized the resistome found in the fine particulate matter from hospital air. The hospital airborne particulate samples had nearly twice the ARG abundance of ambient urban air samples, and up to 30% of the hospital microbiome was from human-associated sources, which highlights the risk of potentially resistant pathogens. The resistome varied with clinical activities; in particular the abundance of β-lactam ARGs was associated with the number of in-ward β-lactam resistant cases..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
01/31/2023
Microbes and resistance in public transit air vary by geographical region
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Built environments harbor a wide variety of microorganisms, and these microbial communities include both pathogens and strains carrying antibiotic resistance (AR) genes. One built environment that brings people together in our increasingly modern, urban world is public transit, so it's important to understand the relationships among the public transit environment, passengers, and microbes, including those in the air. Recently, researchers sequenced air microbiomes from public transit in 6 cities in North America, Europe, and Asia. City was the main factor associated with differences in public transit air microbiomes. Most AR genes came from human skin, soil, and wastewater and were found near mobile genetic elements including plasmids. Public transit air microbes were geographically specific, and the AR genes in public transit air came from passengers and the environment, including nearby surfaces..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
10/14/2021
Non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals promote the spread of antibiotic resistance
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Horizontal gene transfer helps shape bacterial communities and drives the spread of antibiotic resistance. Of the three horizontal gene transfer pathways, conjugation has been studied the most in the context of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics themselves can trigger these transfers, but the impact of other types of pharmaceuticals in natural environments remains to be explored. To close this gap, researchers examined several common non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals in a model of wastewater treatment plant activated sludge. The tested compounds covered multiple drug classes including an anticonvulsant, a lipid-lowering drug, a β-blocker, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Environmentally relevant concentrations of the compounds promoted conjugative transfer of IncP1-α, a plasmid that carries antibiotic resistance. Exposure to these compounds spread IncP1-α across entire microbial communities..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
04/14/2023
Textbook of Bacteriology
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Educational Use
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This textbook has evolved from online and live-in-person lectures presented in Professor Kenneth Todar's bacteriology courses at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Its contents are suitable for reading or presentation in courses or course modules concerning general microbiology and medical bacteriology at the college and advanced high school levels of education. For teachers, instructional materials are available that accompany many chapters and topics. These include lecture outlines, notes, powerpoint presentations, and examination questions that compose a study guide

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Lecture Notes
Textbook
Provider:
University of Wisconsin
Author:
Kenneth Todar
Date Added:
02/16/2011
A mouse model of subclinical colonization and outgrowth of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Antibiotic-resistant bacteria like carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) pose a serious threat to human health. Some resistant pathogens can exist alongside our commensal microbiota at undetectable levels. Antibiotic use can lead to outgrowth of these subclinically colonized bacteria. A recent study sought to better understand the interaction between the gut microbiota and CRE during subclinical colonization and outgrowth. First, researchers exposed wild-type mice to the CRE _K. pneumoniae_. While the levels of _K. pneumoniae_ were not detectable after exposure, the post-exposure microbiome was disrupted. Then, administration of an antibiotic cocktail, ampicillin, vancomycin, or azithromycin induced _K. pneumoniae_ outgrowth while reducing overall microbial diversity. Vancomycin only induced outgrowth in a subset of mice. The researchers found these outgrowth-susceptible mice had differences in mRNA stability pathways and xylose abundance..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
05/18/2022
A total infectome approach to understand the etiology of infectious disease in pigs
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Infectious disease is a major disruptor of the pork industry. It can reduce production rates, trigger trade restrictions, and lead to large-scale mortality of the pigs themselves. Despite these serious impacts, the common diagnostic tools don’t capture the full range of potential pathogens, and the high rate of multiple pathogen co-infection further complicates diagnosis. Despite this, few studies have systematically characterized pig pathogens. To close this gap, researchers sequenced the microbial gene expression from pig clinical samples. This allowed researchers to characterize the diversity, abundance, genomes, and epidemiological history of a range of potential pathogens. They identified 34 RNA virus species, 9 DNA virus species, 7 bacterial species, and 3 fungal species as potential pathogens. Most were known pig pathogens, except for two of the fungi, which were novel members of the genus Pneumocystis..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
05/18/2022