During the last couple of decades two new remarkably successful principles for diabetes therapy have appeared and are now used worldwide. These are incretin based therapy and surgical therapy. These two are at some extent linked together and in this lecture we’ll provide an introduction to these two principles for diabetes therapy.

Course responsible: Associate Professor Signe Sørensen Torekov, MD Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen & Professor Jens Juul Holst

This presentation provides an introduction to some of the basic aspects of the epidemiology of diabetes. In continuation of this we’ll discuss why diabetes is such a serious disease and what the biological mechanics of the disease are.

Course responsible: Associate Professor Signe Sørensen Torekov, MD Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen & Professor Jens Juul Holst

This presentation will look at how the distribution of diabetes is, thus we’ll discuss how the distribution of diabetes are by type, gender, age, geographical region and ethnicity. The purpose of this discussion is to understand how serious a health problem the global epidemic of diabetes is, while increasing the understanding that it’s extremely necessary that we do whatever we can to fight against the diabetes epidemic in the future.

Course responsible: Associate Professor Signe Sørensen Torekov, MD Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen & Professor Jens Juul Holst

This presentation tries to identify the most important risk factors for developing diabetes. In order to take the next steps in planning diabetes prevention, we need to know what distinguished those at risk of developing diabetes from those who aren’t or are at lower risk within the populations.

Course responsible: Associate Professor Signe Sørensen Torekov, MD Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen & Professor Jens Juul Holst

This presentation provides an introduction to physical activity and its influence on obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes type 2. Furthermore we’ll talk about how we can measure body fat distribution, insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance.

Course responsible: Associate Professor Signe Sørensen Torekov, MD Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen & Professor Jens Juul Holst

This presentation talks about how it’s important to propagate the message that physical exercise has other health benefits effect than weight reduction and even if the body weight isn’t reduced by physical exercise, the body composition might change. Furthermore we’ll talk about the metabolic syndrome.

Course responsible: Associate Professor Signe Sørensen Torekov, MD Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen & Professor Jens Juul Holst

This presentation focus on the question: can we cure diabetes? By interviewing different experts we will estimate how possible it is that we will find a cure for diabetes in the future. One of the main arguments is that we already have a cure, which is eating right and exercise, but the big question is whether people are willing to take this cure?

Narrator: Richard Steed.

This presentation discuss how we can fight the global diabetes epidemic. According to WHO (2016) the incidence and impacts of diabetes can largely be prevented or reduced with an approach that incorporates evidence-based, affordable, cost-effective, population-wide and multi-sector intervention. So which interventions should we prioritize as the most efficient interventions to fight the global diabetes epidemic?

Narrator: Richard Steed.

This presentation focus on which role nutrition plays in developing diabetes and how obesity affects diabetes development. Obesity and weight gain dramatically increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. But it’s not only the total calorie intake and the BMI that counts, so does the distribution between fat, protein and carbohydrates, in other words the composition of nutritions. In continuation of this it will be discussed how a restricting intake of carbohydrates might be the way to reduce or even eliminate the use of medication in diabetes treatments.

Narrator: Richard Steed.

This presentation address how being overweight and obese is considered one of the strongest predictors, regarding the development of type 2 diabetes. Almost 85 % of people living with diabetes type 2, are either overweight or obese. This is an important aspect, because globally we have a lot of overweight people, in fact in 2014, one in three adults was overweight and one in eight was obese. But why do the numbers keep growing and what’s causing this epidemic growth of obesity?

Narrator: Richard Steed.

This presentation provides an introduction to Diabetes.What is diabetes and what happens in the body? You will learn how diabetes is a term used to describe the body’s inability to produce sufficient amounts of insulin and how insulin as a pancreatic hormone functions as a main glucose regulator, that makes sure our glucose levels are balanced. Both high and low blood glucose levels are dangerous. When you have diabetes, the lack of insulin will cause high blood glucose levels, which affects several parts of your body.

Narrator: Richard Steed.

In this presentation you will learn about the evolution of diabetes and how it affects the world population. Diabetes is probably recognized as one of the biggest global health challenges in the 21st century. Figures from 2012 shows that diabetes caused the death of 1.5 million people and lead to an additional 2.2 million deaths caused by higher than optimal blood glucose, which increases the risk of cardiovascular and other diseases. The prevalence of diabetes is rising in all income groups, however over the past decade it has risen faster in low and middle income countries rather than in high income countries.

Narrator: Richard Steed.

This presentation talks about who is at risk of developing diabetes and how diabetes will affect the future generations. You will be introduced to how the global amount of people diagnosed with diabetes, according to the WHO and the IDF, will increase from just over 400 million to 600 million by 2030.

Narrator: Richard Steed.

Our planet is currently being challenged by dramatic changes to earth and human systems under the influence of climate change and variability. These include changes of population and environmental dynamics that impacts human health. Thus, climate change is considered the biggest threat to human health in the 21st century. Health impacts can be direct typically related to extreme weather events; indirect with linkages to climate change induced environmental alterations and damage or in relation to displacement, conflict and social disruption. This presentation provides a series of examples of changes of environmental and social determinants of health with negative or positive health impacts. These include impacts on communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases and mental health of importance in particular in vulnerable urban and rural settings as well as among sensitive community groups exposed to variations in temperature and precipitation patterns.

This presentation provides an introduction to the social determinants and drivers of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD). Poor social determinants leads to a higher risk of illness and a lower chance of having suitable healthcare access, which leads to illness, which in turn leads right back to a deeper level of poor social determinants. In continuation of this, we’ll discuss how to address social determinants and how we need to be involved.

Infectious diseases have a specific, ethiological cause, e.g. a microbe such as tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, most people exposed to TB does not develop the disease. What determines this may be poverty, weakening of the person by other diseases or smoking and alcohol. So-called life-style diseases are (also) determined by the way you live, and include prevalent non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardio-vascular diseases, but besides of risk factors such as smoking and drinking or over-eating, the living conditions matter equally and sometimes more. The environment, climate changes, urbanization, socio-economic factors all impact health and disease. When an individual grows older, patterns of his/her diseases changes: the same applies when a society grows ‘older’.

Previously infectious diseases previously caused the majority of ill-health and premature death globally, but in high- and middle-income countries during the 20.th century infectious diseases – with the exception of HIV – declined. Introduction of hygiene and discovery of microbes and later vaccines an antibiotics contributed to the decline, but changing living conditions with better housing, nutrition, water and sanitation were the main drivers of infectious diseases’ decline.

This interview provides an introduction to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) regarding the global control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). The FCTC treaty is a response to the worry of member states, that tobacco is not decreasing but rather growing. Furthermore it is discussed how we can make sure people don’t start smoking or quit as early as possible.
Participants: Programme manager Kristina Mauer-Stender.

In this presentation the global burden of diseases – deaths as well as disabilities – jointly named DALYs – is presented and differences and similarities between lo-, middle-, and high-income countries presently and over time are presented. The strict division between non-communicable and communicable (infectious) diseases is also challenged, and propositions on how to manage them jointly are given. The double burden of NCD+overnutrition and CD+undernutrition in societies in fast transition is presented. The present vs. the expected global burden of diseases by the year 2030 are also introduced.

As fewer children die, more people grow up to become adults, or even ol, the global burden of disease is changing from infections to Non-communicable diseases. Which diseases are they, and what do they have in common? Is it a good or abad thing that they are increasing worldwide?
Get transcript for video here: https://www.oercommons.org/courseware/module/58789/overview