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Antibiotics, Toxins, and Protein Engineering
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The lethal poison Ricin (best known as a weapon of bioterrorism), Diphtheria toxin (the causative agent of a highly contagious bacterial disease), and the widely used antibiotic tetracycline have one thing in common: They specifically target the cell's translational apparatus and disrupt protein synthesis.
In this course, we will explore the mechanisms of action of toxins and antibiotics, their roles in everyday medicine, and the emergence and spread of drug resistance. We will also discuss the identification of new drug targets and how we can manipulate the protein synthesis machinery to provide powerful tools for protein engineering and potential new treatments for patients with devastating diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy.
This course is one of many Advanced Undergraduate Seminars offered by the Biology Department at MIT. These seminars are tailored for students with an interest in using primary research literature to discuss and learn about current biological research in a highly interactive setting. Many instructors of the Advanced Undergraduate Seminars are postdoctoral scientists with a strong interest in teaching.

Subject:
Applied Science
Biology
Engineering
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Life Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
MIT
Provider Set:
MIT OpenCourseWare
Author:
Koehrer, Caroline
Sassanfar, Mandana
Date Added:
02/01/2007
Molecular Biology and Genetics in Modern Medicine
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CC BY-NC-SA
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This course provides a foundation for understanding the relationship between molecular biology, developmental biology, genetics, genomics, bioinformatics, and medicine. It develops explicit connections between basic research, medical understanding, and the perspective of patients. Principles of human genetics are reviewed. We translate clinical understanding into analysis at the level of the gene, chromosome and molecule; we cover the concepts and techniques of molecular biology and genomics, and the strategies and methods of genetic analysis, including an introduction to bioinformatics. Material in the course extends beyond basic principles to current research activity in human genetics.

Subject:
Applied Science
Biology
Engineering
Genetics
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Life Science
Physical Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
MIT
Provider Set:
MIT OpenCourseWare
Author:
Giersch, Anne
Housman, David
Date Added:
09/01/2007
PI3K/Akt signaling disruption affects autophagy in dystrophin-deficient myoblasts
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"In individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), lack of the protein dystrophin impairs autophagy and drastically disrupts myotube development. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is a vital autophagy-regulating pathway that also participates in skeletal muscle differentiation. However, the precise disruption of this pathway in the context of DMD remains unclear. To clarify the mechanism, researchers recently performed protein profiling on dystrophin-deficient myoblasts. The deficient (dfd13) myoblasts were not able to achieve terminal differentiation. They also exhibited strongly increased PTEN expression and perturbed PI3K/Akt/mTOR regulation. In addition, rictor-mTORC2 was inactivated, which caused FoxO3 misregulation and ultimately increased autophagy-related gene activation. Autophagosome formation was excessive in the dystrophin-deficient myoblasts; however, subsequent LC3B-I to LC3B-II conversion and autophagic flux were decreased, consistent with the known autophagy disruption in DMD..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
03/01/2022