This collection uses primary sources to explore AIDS activism during the 1980s. Digital Public Library of America Primary Source Sets are designed to help students develop their critical thinking skills and draw diverse material from libraries, archives, and museums across the United States. Each set includes an overview, ten to fifteen primary sources, links to related resources, and a teaching guide. These sets were created and reviewed by the teachers on the DPLA's Education Advisory Committee.

This is a discussion-based interactive seminar on the two major issues that affect Sub-Saharan Africa: HIV/AIDS and Poverty. AIDS and Poverty, seemingly different concepts, are more inter-related to each other in Africa than in any other continent. As MIT students, we feel it is important to engage ourselves in a dynamic discussion on the relation between the two - how to fight one and how to solve the other.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"HIV infection remains unacceptably common among women in sub-Saharan Africa. One possible contributing factor is the composition of the vaginal microbiota, as African, Caribbean and other Black (ACB) women have an increased rate of bacterial vaginosis (BV), which is associated with increased HIV risk. Targeting the vaginal microbiota and treating BV could help prevent HIV among women. In the absence of BV, the vaginal microbiota is predominated by one of several _Lactobacillus_ species that provide different levels of BV and HIV protection. _L. crispatus_ is associated with exclusion of BV-associated bacteria and reduced HIV risk while _L. iners_, the most common species among ACB women, seems less protective. The reduced protection provided by _L. iners_ is supported by genomic differences, such as the absence of a gene encoding an HIV-trapping D-lactate isomer and the presence of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytotoxins..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Biology is designed for multi-semester biology courses for science majors. It is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand. To meet the needs of today’s instructors and students, some content has been strategically condensed while maintaining the overall scope and coverage of traditional texts for this course. Instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Identify major viral illnesses that affect humansCompare vaccinations and anti-viral drugs as medical approaches to viruses

Case seminar text that can be used to discuss social factors influencing adherence to treatment and health systems constraints to maternal and child health.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the malaria-causing parasite Plasmodium infect millions of people around the globe. These two diseases have broad overlap in their endemic regions, and in some areas over a quarter of HIV patients also have malaria. But despite how common coinfection is, researchers know little about how coinfection and order of infection impact patients. So, a team of scientists turned to a Chinese rhesus macaque research model. In this model, instead of HIV, the macaques had the related virus simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The scientists found that animals infected with the malaria parasite before SIV produced more of the immune cells that SIV uses to replicate, increasing the viral load and accelerating disease progression. But when the infection order was reversed, a subsequent malaria infection activated virus-specific T cells against SIV. ultimately improving survival in those animals..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

The purpose of this toolkit is to understand what threatens the quality of education in your school so that you can take informed action to remedy the situation.

There are different ways of combating discrimination and creating a safe and nonthreatening environment at school. An important contribution can be made by implementing an Anti-Bullying Policy.

The purpose of this toolkit is to provide a helpful, detailed checklist for SMTs to plan and manage their school nutrition programme.

The purpose of this toolkit is to use a brainstorming technique to come up with creative ideas respond to the challenge of providing aftercare support for vulnerable learners. To use the ideas from the brainstorming session to inform the development of a draft set of ideas for an aftercare strategy.

The purpose of this toolkit is to conduct a situational analysis or assessment that will help you to understand the size of the challenge and the current capacity of your school to set up a counselling service. To assist you to decide on the most suitable options for implementing counselling support in your school context.

The purpose of this toolkit is to conduct a situational analysis or assessment that will help you to understand the size of the challenge and the current capacity of your school to set up a counselling service. To assist you to decide on the most suitable options for implementing counselling support in your school context.

D-Lab Development addresses issues of technological improvements at the micro level for developing countries—in particular, how the quality of life of low-income households can be improved by adaptation of low cost and sustainable technologies. Discussion of development issues as well as project implementation challenges are addressed through lectures, case studies, guest speakers and laboratory exercises. Students form project teams to partner with mostly local level organizations in developing countries, and formulate plans for an IAP site visit. (Previous field sites include Ghana, Brazil, Honduras and India.) Project team meetings focus on developing specific projects and include cultural, social, political, environmental and economic overviews of the countries and localities to be visited as well as an introduction to the local languages.

This multidisciplinary seminar addresses fundamental issues in global health faced by community-based healthcare programs in developing countries. Students will broadly explore topics with expert lecturers and guided readings. Topics will be further illuminated with case studies from healthcare programs in urban centers of Zambia. Multidisciplinary teams will be formed to develop feasible solutions to specific health challenges posed in the case studies and encouraged to pursue their ideas beyond the seminar. Possible global health topics include community-based AIDS/HIV management, maternity care, health diagnostics, and information technology in patient management and tracking. Students from Medicine, Public Health, Engineering, Management, and Social Sciences are encouraged to enroll. No specific background experience is expected, but students should have some relevant skills or experiences.

Title: A Global View of HIV InfectionCourse of Origin: Population Change and Public HealthKeywords: aids, disease, global, hiv, illness, infection, map, outbreak, spread, transmission, worldTopic Areas: Adolescent Health, Global Health, HIV/AIDS, Infectious DiseaseCitation Format: "A Global View of HIV Infection" from Population Change and Public Health. Copyright © Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Creative Commons BY-NC-SA.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Currently, there is no cure for HIV-1, but thanks to antiretroviral therapy, viral loads can be kept low enough to prevent transmission. While patients generally cannot suppress HIV-1 replication without antiretroviral therapy, about 10-20% of people who start treatment early after HIV diagnosis can keep their viral numbers low even after a temporary pause in therapy. Studies suggest that this ability to control virus numbers could be linked to the gut microbiome. To explore that relationship, scientists compared the gut microbiome between three “viremic controllers” and nine “viremic non-controllers." After receiving an HIV vaccine, all patients were monitored over a 32-week period during which they paused antiretroviral therapy. Patients were predominantly Caucasian (92%) and men who have sex with men (92%). Viremic controllers showed significantly higher levels of bacteria of the order Bacteroidales and lower levels of bacteria of the order Clostridiales, which exhibit anti-inflammatory properties..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"HIV is a lifelong illness that affects millions of people worldwide and in the US disproportionally affects men who have sex with men. Past research has shown that men who have sex with men have a distinct microbiome from other groups. Additionally, the lymphoid tissue invaded by HIV-1 after infection is partially regulated by the gut microbiome. However, little is known about the microbiome’s role in HIV-1 susceptibility and progression. In a recent study, researchers found bacteria that enhance inflammation were more abundant in the gut as well as a decrease in important commensal bacteria that are protective, months before HIV-1 infection. Increased prevalence of certain Prevotella species and decreased prevalence of Bacteroides species in particular could result in inflammation. As other research has shown, some species of Prevotella and Bacteroides can play pro- and anti-inflammatory roles, respectively..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.