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Cell membrane ruffles disrupt growth factor signaling in the Hep3B liver cancer cell line
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"In many cell types, growth factor stimulation triggers the formation of structures called circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs). CDRs are large, rounded ruffles on the upper cell membrane that serve as platforms for PI3K–PIP3–AKT protein signaling and probably play a role in cell growth. CDRs are present in some types of cancer cells, but it’s unclear whether they contribute to cancer development. To find out, researchers recently treated six cancer cell lines and one normal cell line with two growth factors: epidermal growth factor and insulin. Both growth factors induced CDR formation in the Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma line, but not in normal liver cells, other hepatocellular carcinoma cells, breast cancer cells, or pancreatic cancer cells. Closer analysis confirmed that growth factor receptor proteins were recruited to the CDRs and that the PI3K–PIP3–AKT pathway was activated at the ruffles..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
04/14/2023
Drug delivery strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and has high rates of recurrence and death. In patients with advanced HCC and poor liver function, surgery and ablation aren’t very effective, so pharmacotherapy is typically used. However, traditional antitumor drugs don’t have ideal properties or efficacy, and they’re highly toxic to normal cells. Recently developed nanotechnologies have shown promise for improving drug kinetics and efficacy against HCC. For example, nanoparticles can deliver drugs to tumor tissues and affect specific cells and molecules in the tumor microenvironment. These nanocarriers can reach their targets passively (due to intrinsic tumor characteristics) or actively (via molecules engineered onto their surfaces). Drug release from the nanoparticles can be induced by conditions common in tumors, such as hypoxia and acidification or by externally applied stimuli, such as light, heat, ultrasound, and magnetic fields..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
05/18/2022
Molecular and Cellular Pathophysiology (BE.450)
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CC BY-NC-SA
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This course focuses on the fundamentals of tissue and organ response to injury from a molecular and cellular perspective. There is a special emphasis on disease states that bridge infection, inflammation, immunity, and cancer. The systems approach to pathophysiology includes lectures, critical evaluation of recent scientific papers, and student projects and presentations.
This term, we focus on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), chronic-active hepatitis, and hepatitis virus infections. In addition to lectures, students work in teams to critically evaluate and present primary scientific papers.

Subject:
Applied Science
Biology
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Life Science
Physical Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
MIT
Provider Set:
MIT OpenCourseWare
Author:
Schauer, David
Date Added:
02/01/2005
Predicting diagnosis, prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on iron activity
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite advancements in HCC diagnosis and treatment, current staging systems lack specificity and can’t easily predict patient survival. Researchers now report a new prognostic and diagnostic approach based on tracking genes that control iron metabolism in the body. Iron is critical for normal cell metabolism, growth, and proliferation. That goes extra for tumor cells, which have an increased demand for iron. But too much iron can lead to cell death—a process known as “ferroptosis”—which some researchers are harnessing to eliminate harmful cancer cells. In the current study, researchers used high-throughput sequencing to identify genes associated with iron metabolism and ferroptosis in patients with HCC. Based on four genes, patients could be divided into a low-risk group and a high-risk group with poorer overall survival and HCC samples could be distinguished from normal samples..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
11/12/2020
Two possible ways to prevent hepatitis C infection from causing chronic liver disease
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus is a major cause of chronic liver disease, even after the virus has been eradicated by antiviral treatment. The problem appears to lie in the lingering activation of harmful Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which active viruses exploit for replication. A new study suggests the enzyme PKA could play a role. PKA is part of a signaling cascade that is activated during hepatitis C infection. To determine its role, researchers prevented PKA activation by treating cells with a PKA inhibitor. Inhibition was found to be beneficial. Inhibiting PKA reduced cells’ capacity to support both the hepatitis C virus and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as mediated by another enzyme, GSK-3β. Interestingly, similar benefits were observed when another harmful effect of viral infection was repressed, namely, endoplasmic reticulum stress..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
05/15/2023
Understanding and disrupting tumor cell communication in liver cancer
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Tumor cells create an environment that fosters growth by communicating with surrounding tumor and non-tumor cells. Understanding and ultimately disrupting this communication is the goal of many emerging anticancer strategies. A recent study recently examined how the oncogene YAP orchestrates cellular communication during the formation of liver tumors. Researchers identified several secreted factors that are induced by YAP to adjust cell-cell communication in support of tumor growth. One of these, a protein known as PAI-1, regulates the expression of factors associated with cellular senescence and was found to be linked to poor clinical outcomes in patients with liver cancer. Experiments showed that YAP, with the help of a separate protein (TEAD4), controls PAI-1 expression and secretion ultimately generating a tumor-supportive microenvironment..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
11/12/2020
Using vitamin A to target early and late liver diseases via mechanotransduction
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A new study reports that treating certain liver cells with a metabolite of vitamin A could lead to better disease management, particularly for conditions linked to liver fibrosis. The cells in question are hepatic stellate cells, which play a key role in liver function. In healthy tissue, the cells are mostly inactive. But when the liver is injured, they kick into gear to help repair the damage. The problem is that unabated activation of the cells can lead to the development of conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a global public health concern. The cells can even become permanently activated, triggering more serious conditions like fibrosis or cirrhosis. Liver function often becomes impaired once fibrosis sets in, and the scarring can also provide a fertile environment for tumor growth. For example, hepatocellular carcinoma occurs more frequently in patients with liver cirrhosis than those without it..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Applied Science
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
09/20/2019
A new molecular target for overcoming liver cancer’s resistance to therapy
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Liver cancer is among the most common types of cancer worldwide. Between 2007 and 2017, liver cancer ranked 7th on the list of cancers with the highest global incidence. Through carcinogenesis, cancer cells go through complex and dynamic phenotypical changes -epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), or its reverse mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET)- to cope with metastasis rate-limiting steps. Tumor cells gain metastatic properties in EMT, whereas cells acquire tumor forming capabilities in MET. Growing evidence suggests that cells showing both types of properties are most likely to contribute metastatic outgrowth and resistant to therapeutics. Now, a new study has identified a pivotal molecular mechanism that gives rise to this “hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M)” state. Experiments on human liver cancer cells indicated that the process modulated by lncRNA HOTAIR, a non-coding RNA that contributes to metastasis and poor prognosis in liver cancer..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
11/03/2020