Despite the importance of patent landscape analyses in the commercialization process for life science and healthcare technologies, the quality of reporting for patent landscapes published in academic journals is inadequate. Patents in the life sciences are a critical metric of innovation and a cornerstone for the commercialization of new life-science- and healthcare-related technologies. Patent landscaping has emerged as a methodology for analyzing multiple patent documents to uncover technological trends, geographic distributions of patents, patenting trends and scope, highly cited patents and a number of other uses. Many such analyses are published in high-impact journals, potentially allowing them to gain high visibility among academic, industry and government stakeholders. Such analyses may be used to inform decision-making processes, such as prioritization of funding areas, identification of commercial competition (and therefore strategy development), or implementation of policy to encourage innovation or to ensure responsible licensing of technologies. Patent landscaping may also provide a means for answering fundamental questions regarding the benefits and drawbacks of patenting in the life sciences, a subject on which there remains considerable debate but limited empirical evidence.

This book is written as an introductory text, meant for those with little or no experience with computers or information systems. While sometimes the descriptions can get a little bit technical, every effort has been made to convey the information essential to understanding a topic while not getting bogged down in detailed terminology or esoteric discussions.

The principles, institutions, processes, and functions of the government of the United States, and American political behavior are covered.
Chapter 1: American Government and Civic Engagement
Chapter 2: The Constitution and Its Origins
Chapter 3: American Federalism
Chapter 4: Civil Liberties
Chapter 5: Civil Rights
Chapter 6: The Politics of Public Opinion
Chapter 7: Voting and Elections
Chapter 8: The Media
Chapter 9: Political Parties
Chapter 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying
Chapter 11: Congress
Chapter 12: The Presidency
Chapter 13: The Courts
Chapter 14: State and Local Government
Chapter 15: The Bureaucracy
Chapter 16: Domestic Policy
Chapter 17: Foreign Policy

This lesson is part of Software Carpentry workshops and teach an introduction to plotting and programming using python. This lesson is an introduction to programming in Python for people with little or no previous programming experience. It uses plotting as its motivating example, and is designed to be used in both Data Carpentry and Software Carpentry workshops. This lesson references JupyterLab, but can be taught using a regular Python interpreter as well. Please note that this lesson uses Python 3 rather than Python 2.