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Community assembly of rice paddy soil methanogens
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Methane (CH₄) is regarded as an important greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential 25 times higher than CO₂. Soil methanogens – organisms that generate CH₄ in the soil – participate in complex interactions, which determine the community structures and functions. Better understanding patterns in these interactions will help to address issues surrounding methane emissions. A recent study evaluated methane emissions and methanogenic archaeal communities. Beginning in rice paddies across Asia, a major source of CH₄ emissions. researchers measured archaea from 429 soil samples in 13 different regions in China. They found that network topological properties – which were correlated with mean annual temperature – were the chief predictor of CH₄ emissions. Methanogenic groups involved in commonly occurring links in the co-occurrence networks contributed the highest proportion of CH₄..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
02/25/2021
Exploring crosstalk between post-translational modifications in half the time
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A new method for identifying post-translational modifications in proteins promises to cut biomedical researchers’ workload in half. Enabling multiple affinity enrichment procedures to be run in parallel, the one-pot method yields the same search results as traditional methods in less time and from less tissue. As proteomics researchers know well, identifying post-translational modifications in biological samples can be tedious. Enriching samples with target modifications, such as the attachment of acetyl , succinyl or methyl groups to amino acid residues, and matching experimental data with catalogued results involves numerous steps. And the work load is only getting bigger. With exploding interest in how multiple modifications are linked across the vast proteome , the amount of time and the amount of sample required for exploration are skyrocketing in proportion. But with the new one-pot enrichment method, that could soon change..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Chemistry
Life Science
Physical Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
09/20/2019
8.3 Forces at a Distance
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CC BY
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This unit launches with a slow-motion video of a speaker as it plays music. Students dissect speakers to explore the inner workings, and engineer homemade cup speakers to manipulate the parts of the speaker. They identify that most speakers have the same parts–a magnet, a coil of wire, and a membrane. Students investigate each of these parts to figure out how they work together in the speaker system.

Subject:
Physical Science
Material Type:
Lesson
Lesson Plan
Unit of Study
Provider:
OpenSciEd
Author:
OpenSciEd
Date Added:
08/02/2021
SDG 3.1: Maternal mortality
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“By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births”
Professor Thorkild Tylleskär, CISMAC, CIH, University of Bergen

According to Tylleskär, there have been some improvements in the average levels of maternal mortality world-wide – enough that the topic is no longer being discussed as “high priority”. However, he stresses, this average value does not reflect the unacceptably high levels that remain in Low Income Countries (LIC). Thankfully, he points out that the issues is still included in the Economist’s recent list of “169 Commandments”.

In many LIC, Tylleskär says, a woman’s inherent value still lies in her ability to produce children. He showed a short film to underline the challenges that remain to be addressed. “Why did Mrs X die?” is produced by the WHO and addresses how maternal mortality is connected to the unjust situation of women in low income societies.

View “Why did Mrs X die?”: (2 versions, full and shortened)
Shortened version (~6 min) youtube.com/watch?v=R0mcQ-fF_MY
Full version (~15 min) youtube.com/watch?v=Ugg-ipHnj6U

Subject:
Applied Science
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Material Type:
Lecture
Date Added:
09/13/2018
Environmental disturbance shapes the gut microbiome in yellow perch
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Disturbances such as antibiotics and environmental toxicity can alter microbial communities in the gut Afterward, gut microbe species recover to different extents, resulting in altered proportions of the microbes post-disturbance Unfortunately, it is still unclear what shapes the composition of gut microbiota ecosystems during recovery A recent study evaluated these changes in yellow perch after exposure to toxic metals Researchers exposed the fish to cadmium chloride in the laboratory and then evaluated the microbes on their skin and gut surfaces DNA sequencing demonstrated that while gut microbes recovered well after exposure Skin microbes recovered incompletely, resulting in the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens Interestingly, the type of cadmium exposure also affected recovery Recovery was better in microbial communities after constant exposure, while gradually increasing exposure altered microbe levels to a greater extent Although further studies are needed to fully understand how microbe.."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
04/24/2020
Gastric bypass surgery affects gut microbes independent of weight loss
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"When weight loss attempts fail, people sometimes turn to surgery. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a last-resort treatment that alters gut architecture to cause substantial and sustained weight loss. The surgery alters the intestinal microbiota in the patient, which affects nutrient absorption. Unfortunately, it can be difficult to separate the effects from the surgery from those of the weight loss it causes. In a recent study, researchers used a rat model of gastric bypass to measure the changes in the resident gut microbes. They compared rats after surgery to weight-matched partners that didn’t receive surgery. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metaproteomics revealed that the overall diversity of microbes decreased following surgery. Interestingly, changes varied by location, and the proportion of certain bacteria increased while others decreased. Metabolism-related changes were also seen in the gut microbes, including changes in amino acid and bile acid metabolism..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
04/24/2020
Democratic Voting Systems
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Public Domain
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The way our democracies are today is not necessarily how they should be tomorrow. There probably is no perfect system out there but this resource can help students think differently about democracy, approach its problems through novel angles and find new solutions.

The first part is a detailed look at the various democratic systems across the world, including plurality voting, proportional representation and direct democracy. Pros and cons will be laid out for each while key terms such as gerrymandering, uni and bicameralism, tactical voting, the concept of the blank vote, ballot intiatives and referenda will be explained. The left-right divide will also get a mention, the need to

The second part of the lesson will look more into alternative voting systems including ranked choice, approval, star and condorcet method. Considerations on the left-right-center political spectrum and some of its limitations will also feature.

The final part will focus on the two novel ideas: quadratic voting and liquid democracy. With quadratic voting, voters have a bank of credit and can cast one or multiple votes in favour of, or opposed to, a proposition. Liquid democracy enables you to vote directly on the issues you care about, or delegate your vote, by topic, to another person or party.

--

Part of the political science collection.

Subject:
Political Science
Social Science
Material Type:
Lesson
Author:
Jonathan Ketchell
Date Added:
07/07/2023
Electromyography better than acceleromyography at detecting adequate recovery from neuromuscular block
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Residual paralysis is a significant problem in anesthesia. Despite advanced methods for quantifying patients’ recovery from neuromuscular blockade, devices that are both reliable and easy to use remain scarce. In a study recently published in the journal Anesthesiology, researchers compared neuromuscular monitors based on two different technologies to determine which might be better suited for quantifying recovery: acceleromyography or electromyography. Acceleromyography-based monitors measure recovery based on the force of muscle contraction, whereas devices that use electromyography, or EMG, measure muscle action potentials. Until recently, acceleromyography-based devices were the most frequently used type of neuromuscular monitor. Obtaining reliable measurements with these devices, however, often requires clinicians to take several precautions, such as fixing the arm in the supine position, calibrating the device, or normalizing the results..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Applied Science
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
10/12/2021
New target for curbing brain cell damage during stroke
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Stroke is the leading cause of death worldwide. Scientists are finding that mitochondrial abnormalities play a central role in stroke. A recent study suggests that deactivating the protein SIAH2 could help mitochondria and the brain cells they power survive stroke in mice. Oxygen deprivation, which makes stroke fatal, activates SIAH2. Once activated, SIAH2 signals the breakdown of mitochondrial and cellular proteins key to survival. Aiming to curb this damage, researchers switched off the gene controlling SIAH2 formation in mouse neurons. and observed what happened after artificially inducing stroke. They found that without SIAH2, neurons suffered low damage during stroke. preserving the machinery that keeps mitochondria alive and well. Understanding how this switch operates in humans is crucial. as it could lead to drugs that target SIAH2 and help reduce the mortality of stroke..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
04/29/2020
Gravity and Orbits
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CC BY
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Move the sun, earth, moon and space station to see how it affects their gravitational forces and orbital paths. Visualize the sizes and distances between different heavenly bodies, and turn off gravity to see what would happen without it!

Subject:
Astronomy
Physical Science
Physics
Material Type:
Simulation
Provider:
University of Colorado Boulder
Provider Set:
PhET Interactive Simulations
Author:
Chris Malley
Emily Moore
John Blanco
Jon Olson
Kathy Perkins
Noah Podolefsky
Sam Reid
Trish Loeblein
Date Added:
02/07/2011
PEI Math Performance Task (Grades 3-5): The Winner is Native Plants
Conditional Remix & Share Permitted
CC BY-NC
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The purpose of this Performance task is to provide students with an opportunity to problem solve based on a real-world situation (Claims 2 & 4). Due to the nature of the task, there are a variety of mathematical approaches students can take to successfully complete the task, however the mathematical approach presented in Act Three of the task addresses CCSS Domain of Operation and Algebraic Thinking. With this approach, students are shown different strategies for using multiplication to find the solution. Includes slides to support the implementation of “The Winner Is…Native Plants (3-5)” Math Performance Task with charts, images, etc.

Subject:
Botany
Ecology
Elementary Education
Environmental Science
Environmental Studies
Measurement and Data
Numbers and Operations
Ratios and Proportions
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Author:
Pacific Education Institute
Date Added:
11/15/2023
Pathology Case Study: A 32-year-old Man with Headace, Visual Loss and Infiltrative Lession in Corpus Callosum and Cingulate Gyri
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Some Rights Reserved
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(This case study was added to OER Commons as one of a batch of over 700. It has relevant information which may include medical imagery, lab results, and history where relevant. A link to the final diagnosis can be found at the end of the case study for review. The first paragraph of the case study -- typically, but not always the clinical presentation -- is provided below.)

A 32-year-old man presented with a 7-month history of headache and 2-month visual loss. Neurologic examination was unremarkable except for low visual acuity, worse in the left eye. Magnetic resonance imaging showed symmetrical cortical lesions in the midline, affecting predominantly both cingulate gyri and the upper corpus callosum. Lesions appeared multifocal, often limited to the cerebral cortex, confluent with speckled appearance, high signal intensity in T1-weighted images (Fig. 1), isointense in T2, strong contrast enhancement (Fig. 2), hypoperfusion with low regional cerebral blood flow values. Multivoxel spectroscopy showed increased choline/creatine ratio (2.97). There was prominent symmetrical edema of centrum semiovale. No changes were found in the leptomeninges.

Subject:
Applied Science
Education
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Life Science
Material Type:
Case Study
Diagram/Illustration
Provider:
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Provider Set:
Department of Pathology
Author:
Andrei Fernandes Joaquim
Aya Fukuda
Fabiano Reis
Fabio Rogerio
Luciano de Souza Queiroz
Nivaldo Adolfo Silva Junior
Date Added:
08/01/2022
Fifth Grade Elementary Science and Integrated Subjects-Earth & Space:  Patterns in the Sky
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CC BY
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The Fifth Grade Elementary Framework for Science and Integrated Subjects,Earth and Space: Patterns in the Sky, uses the phenomena of perceived sun and moon movements that seem to move around the Earth to explore stars, Earth orbit and rotation and moon orbit around Earth.  It is part of Elementary Framework for Science and Integrated Subjects project, a statewide Clime Time collaboration among ESD 123, ESD 105, North Central ESD, and the Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction. Development of the resources is in response to a need for research- based science lessons for elementary teachers that are integrated with English language arts, mathematics and other subjects such as social studies. The template for Elementary Science and Integrated Subjects  can serve as an organized, coherent and research-based roadmap for teachers in the development of their own NGSS aligned science lessons.  Lessons can also be useful for classrooms that have no adopted curriculum as well as to serve as enhancements for  current science curriculum. The EFSIS project brings together grade level teams of teachers to develop lessons or suites of lessons that are 1) pnenomena based, focused on grade level Performance Expectations, and 2) leverage ELA and Mathematics Washington State Learning Standards.

Subject:
Astronomy
Education
Elementary Education
Measurement and Data
Physical Science
Reading Informational Text
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Homework/Assignment
Author:
Georgia Boatman
Date Added:
08/20/2021
Mast cells activated by lung cancer exosomes release blood clot–promoting factors
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Many lung cancer deaths are due to cancer-associated coagulation disorders (CACDs) that lead to blood clots. However, the exact mechanisms of these disorders aren’t clear. Researchers recently investigated whether immune cells called mast cells, which are known to participate in other coagulation abnormalities, contribute to CACDs. Specifically, they analyzed the presence of mast cells in lung cancer tissues using sequencing data. The researchers found that the proportion of mast cells was closely correlated with the expression levels of blood clot–related genes, as well as genes associated with neutrophil extracellular traps, which are web-like structures released by immune cells that can act as scaffolds for blood clots. In cell experiments, mast cells derived from mouse bone marrow were able to take up small vesicles (exosomes) from lung cancer cells..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
05/08/2023
Rainfall patterns determine geomorphology and carbon fluxes in tropical peatlands
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Peat is a soil-like material made up of decomposed plant matter found in water-saturated environments around the world. From the arctic to the tropics, these peatlands act as giant carbon sinks, storing enormous amounts of organic matter. In the tropics, peat accumulates in dome-shaped mounds that can reach kilometers across and ten or more meters high. Removed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis in trees, this carbon can be preserved for thousands of years. But human disturbance by fire and drainage for agriculture is now causing re-emission at an unprecedented rate. This is especially true in tropical Asia. Because peat accumulation occurs via waterlogging of plant remains, which quickly degrade in the presence of oxygen, its deposition is determined, in part, by the proportion of time exposed to air. And this, in turn, is driven by the depth of the water table which rises and falls with rainfall and discharge from the peatland into rivers..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Atmospheric Science
Physical Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
02/22/2021
Microbes and metabolism on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: The Deyin-1 hydrothermal field
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are extreme environments that typically form along mid-ocean ridges. Although hundreds of vent systems have been identified, those south of 14°S on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge remain relatively unexplored. To learn more, a recent study investigated the microbes inhabiting the newly discovered Deyin-1 vent in this area. Analysis of 219 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) revealed a highly diverse and variable community. Most of the dominant microbes appeared capable of using reduced sulfur and hydrogen as primary energy sources, and many of the microbes seemed to use multiple energy pathways, indicating adaptability to fluctuating conditions. Multiple types of bacteria were also predicted to participate in the same metabolic pathways, suggesting functional redundancy within the community. Furthermore, the genome sequences suggested that a large proportion of microbes could both make their own food and consume other organisms..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
05/17/2022
Understanding how microbes thrive in extreme space-like environments
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The question of whether life exists outside our planet has captivated our attention for decades. In order to understand whether life could thrive in extraterrestrial environments, researchers turn to unique locations on Earth. Analogue sites – places resembling extraterrestrial environments – can help answer questions about what types of life could live in space. A recent project – Mars Analogues for Space Exploration (MASE) – examined microbes inhabiting representative space-like environments. Researchers isolated microbes from sites including permafrost, salt mines, acidic lakes and rivers, and sulfur springs and using metagenomics, they evaluated the proportions and characteristics of these unique microbes. They successfully identified 15 high-quality genomes, pinpointing specific microbial functions enriched in MASE sites. Compared to more moderate environments, MASE-residing microorganisms expressed genes that allowed them to withstand physical and chemical pressure..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
02/26/2021
Antigen-specific immunosuppression promotes immune tolerance in renal cancer
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Renal cancer affects over 400,000 people each year, and new treatment options are needed. A new study unraveled a paradox taking place in the immune systems of cancer patients. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), driven by tumor cells, have the ability to suppress the immune responses of T cells, preventing T-cell recognition of tumor cells and allowing immune escape. However, mice and humans with renal tumors do not experience systemic immunosuppression. Researchers used mice to examine renal cancer-derived exosomes (RDEs), extracellular vesicles derived from tumor cells. They found that the proportion and activity of MDSCs in the spleen and bone marrow changed after internalization of RDEs. RDE-stimulated MDSCs inhibited T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, and these effects were antigen-specific and driven by the molecule HSP70 in RDEs and TLR2 on MDSCs, explaining the targeted immunosuppression of the renal cancer-specific immune response..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
11/03/2020