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Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology
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The abomasum is the fourth chamber in the ruminant. It functions similarly to the carnivore stomach as it is glandular and digests food chemically, rather than mechanically or by fermentation like the other 3 chambers of the ruminant stomach.

Subject:
Anatomy/Physiology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
WikiVet
Provider Set:
Anatomy & Physiology
Date Added:
02/05/2015
Acoustics of Speech and Hearing
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The Acoustics of Speech and Hearing is an H-Level graduate course that reviews the physical processes involved in the production, propagation and reception of human speech. Particular attention is paid to how the acoustics and mechanics of the speech and auditory system define what sounds we are capable of producing and what sounds we can sense. Areas of discussion include:

the acoustic cues used in determining the direction of a sound source,

the acoustic and mechanical mechanisms involved in speech production and

the acoustic and mechanical mechanism used to transduce and analyze sounds in the ear.

Subject:
Anatomy/Physiology
Applied Science
Biology
Career and Technical Education
Electronic Technology
Engineering
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Life Science
Physical Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
MIT
Provider Set:
MIT OpenCourseWare
Author:
Braida, Louis
Rosowski, John
Shera, Christopher
Stevens, Kenneth
Date Added:
09/01/2004
Active Transport - Physiology
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Active transport is reliant on carrier proteins and thus follows the same rules as facilitated diffusion in that they are specific have a maximum rate and are subject to competition. Crucially they transport substances against their concentration gradient and so require energy to work.

Subject:
Anatomy/Physiology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
WikiVet
Provider Set:
Anatomy & Physiology
Date Added:
02/05/2015
Aldosterone
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Aldosterone is a steroid hormone which is secreted from the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland. It has a mineralocorticoid activity and is the most important regulator of plasma potassium. When plasma potassium increases, increased stimulation of aldosterone occurs directly and also as a result of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). Aldosterone is also the most important regulator of sodium excretion.

Subject:
Anatomy/Physiology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
WikiVet
Provider Set:
Anatomy & Physiology
Date Added:
02/05/2015
Algorithm predicts neural electrical activity during shock therapy
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"A new algorithm has successfully mapped part of the brain’s circuitry during shock therapy. For those suffering from severe depression, the approach could make for safer and more effective treatment. For brain research at large, it could lead to better ways of untangling noisy neural data to reveal real connections between different focal regions of the brain. Despite the gruesome picture painted by pop culture, modern shock therapy is a mild treatment option. In fact, over 2 million treatments are administered worldwide every year. Under general anesthesia, patients receive a small amount of current to the brain, triggering a brief seizure. The resulting changes in brain chemistry have been shown to reverse symptoms of mental health conditions like severe depression or bipolar disorder. But the procedure isn’t perfect. One of the most troubling side effects is memory loss, a result of poor targeting. To be effective and safe, induced seizures should be restricted to the pre-frontal cortex..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Anatomy/Physiology
Applied Science
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
09/20/2019
Alimentary System - Horse Anatomy
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The horse is a monogastric hindgut fermenter. The horse evolved for grazing and it does so for up to 17 hours a day. A high proportion of the horse's dietary carbohydrate is in the form of starch. A mature horse eats 2-2.5% of it's body weight in dry matter every day, 1.5-1.75% of this should be fibre (hay/haylage). This is to prevent a rapid drop in pH in the large intestine and also to stimulate peristalsis in the gut and prevent build up of gas.

Subject:
Anatomy/Physiology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
WikiVet
Provider Set:
Anatomy & Physiology
Date Added:
02/05/2015
Anatomy and Physiology I: An Interactive Histology Atlas
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This Anatomy and Physiology I Histology Atlas helps students better understand the complex discipline of tissue histology with the use of interactive H5P activities. Students can reveal or hide illustration overlays drawn to help students visualize cell- and tissue-level structures.

This open access histology atlas was made possible through generous grant funding by The University System of Georgia through the Affordable Learning Georgia initiative: https://www.affordablelearninggeorgia.org/.

Subject:
Anatomy/Physiology
Applied Science
Health, Medicine and Nursing
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Interactive
Textbook
Author:
Christina Wilson
Georgios Kallifatidis
Juan Manuel Ramiro-Diaz
Karen Wiles
Soma Mukhopadhyay
Date Added:
01/31/2024
Anus - Anatomy & Physiology
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The anus is the terminal portion of the alimentary tract which communicates with the external environment. Two sphincters control it's aperture. It allows faeces and gas to leave the body. Defeacation is the process where faeces are expelled from the rectum through the anus.

Subject:
Anatomy/Physiology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
WikiVet
Provider Set:
Anatomy & Physiology
Date Added:
02/05/2015
Aortic Arches - Anatomy & Physiology
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After emerging from the heart, the aortic artery divides into the right and left dorsal branches. Each branch feeds into a set of arches which are unique to the embryo. Most higher vertebrates have have 6 pairs of aortic arches. In the mammal the 5th pair do not form. These arches evolve to form some of the structures of the mammalian circulation. The fate of each arch varies.

Subject:
Anatomy/Physiology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
WikiVet
Provider Set:
Anatomy & Physiology
Date Added:
02/05/2015
Applied Human Neuroanatomy
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This 155-page manual is comprised of two types of learning activities: 1) free response fill-in-the blank questions focused of the facts and principles of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology that underpin the neurologic examination and specifically developed exercises that demonstrate how the facts and principles are related to the particular tests and procedures that comprise the neurologic examination. Free response questions form the bulk of the Neuroscience Review section of each chapter and are intended as a review of information previously or concurrently being learned regarding the structure, function and organization of the nervous system. Some questions focus on anatomical or physiological facts and relationships that help explain why certain techniques are performed as they are, such as why non-nociceptive tactile stimuli are required in order to activate nerve impulse transmission in the lemniscal system. Other questions are intended to revisit facts and concepts that are needed to properly interpret the elicited findings. 2) The Application Exercises of each chapter are designed to demonstrate how neuroanatomical and neurophysiological information is used in the design of particular clinical tests of neurologic function. The application exercises are also intended to help users learn how to perform and become comfortable with the various clinical maneuvers and tests that comprise the routine neurologic examination. An important outcome of performing these exercises is that, as a member of a learning group, each individual has the opportunity to experience the neurologic examination from the point of view of the subject (patient)—an experience that arguably provides insight and understanding that can be gained in no other way.

Subject:
Anatomy/Physiology
Life Science
Material Type:
Activity/Lab
Assessment
Student Guide
Textbook
Provider:
Virginia Tech
Provider Set:
VTech Works
Author:
Mcnamara John P
Nolan Michael F
Date Added:
01/23/2023
Arteries of the Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology
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Although the information on this page is based around the anatomy of the canine hindlimb, it is essentially the anatomy of the arteries in domestic species. Any major differences will be discussed on their respective pages

Subject:
Anatomy/Physiology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
WikiVet
Provider Set:
Anatomy & Physiology
Date Added:
02/05/2015
Automated MRI method to visualize blood flow in the heart
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Ischemic heart disease is a narrowing of the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. Caused by a build-up of plaque, this restricted blood flow, or ischemia, can cause chest pain and heart attacks, and is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Increasingly, physicians are looking to use MRI to visualize and measure the extent and severity of ischemia. This technique involves the injection of a contrast agent into a blood vessel in the arm. MRI is then used to create a series of images of the heart as the agent is delivered to the muscle, allowing physicians to visualize regions receiving inadequate blood flow. Images are acquired both at rest and during the “stress” induced by giving the patient a drug that increases blood flow to the heart as would occur during exercise. The utility of this approach, however, has been hindered by a lack of objective evaluation methods and the time-consuming task of processing the results in a laboratory setting..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Anatomy/Physiology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
03/16/2021
Autonomic Nervous System - Anatomy & Physiology
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The peripheral nervous system found in most domestic species can be segregated into three sub-systems; the sensory system, the somatic motor system and the autonomic system. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates the internal environment of the body including factors such as body temperature, blood pressure and concentrations of many substances. The ANS is also responsible for mobilising the body's resources during stressful situations. The ANS controls gland cells, cardiac muscle cells and smooth muscle cells. Control of this nervous system is involuntary and regulation is via autonomic reflexes. The autonomic reflex arc system is very similar to that of the somatic motor system, i.e. there are sensory (afferent) nerve fibres, an information integration centre, motor (efferent) fibres and effector cells. Any levels of increased activity within the autonomic nervous system can result in both stimulation or inhibition of effector cells, although it is only the efferent part of the reflex arc that is actually considered autonomic.

Subject:
Anatomy/Physiology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
WikiVet
Provider Set:
Anatomy & Physiology
Date Added:
02/05/2015
Avian Intestines - Anatomy & Physiology
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The intestines occupy the caudal part of the body. They contact the reproductive organs and the gizzard. The small intestine is long and relatively uniform in shape and size. There is no demarcation between the jejunum and the ileum.

Subject:
Anatomy/Physiology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
WikiVet
Provider Set:
Anatomy & Physiology
Date Added:
02/05/2015
Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library’s albums
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Public Domain
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BCC Bioscience Image Library is a media file repository of images and video clips made available to educators and students in the biological sciences. The resources are created by faculty, staff and students of Berkshire Community College and are licensed under Creative Commons 0. This means all content is free, with no restrictions on how the material may be used, reused, adapted or modified for any purposes, without restriction under copyright or database law.


This project was partially funded by a $20,000,000 grant awarded by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration, Grant # TC-26450-14-60-A-25. The product was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The U.S. Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability, or ownership.


If you have any questions contact professor Faye Reynolds at: freynold@berkshirecc.edu

Subject:
Anatomy/Physiology
Biology
Botany
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Author:
M.S.
Fayette A. Reynolds
Date Added:
02/14/2022
Bile Formation
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Bile formation is an osmotic secretory process that is driven by the active concentration of bile salts in the bile canaliculi. Bile acids are produced from cholesterol and prior to being excreted from hepatocytes are bound to specific amino acids allowing them to exist as bile salts. One side of the bile salt molecule is negatively charged (hydrophilic) whilst the other is hydrophobic allowing bile salts to form micelles once a certain bile salt concentration has been reached.

Subject:
Anatomy/Physiology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
WikiVet
Provider Set:
Anatomy & Physiology
Date Added:
02/05/2015