This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Antibiotic resistance is increasingly prevalent, with costs to the economy and to human health. Globally, antibiotic usage in livestock is expected to increase by 66% by 2030, and antibiotics used in animals are clinically relevant to humans. Better understanding the effects of different antibiotics and manure management practices will help to decrease the potential for antibiotic resistance. In a recent study, researchers examined the effects of different manure composting techniques in dairy and beef cattle treated with different antibiotic regimens. They found that the total antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) expression, or “resistome,” changed with the progression of composting with time. The relative abundance of ARGs decreased over time in all conditions, except when the compost was externally heated, but in contrast to the overall trend, some ARGs, including Sul1, intI1, beta lactam, and plasmid-associated genes, increased in all finished composts..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Postpartum systemic oxidative stress is common in dairy cows and can lead to health complications and production loss. While the gut microbiota can influence host health and stress, its role in dairy cow postpartum oxidative stress was unclear until a recent study found a strong link between the fecal microbiota and postpartum oxidative stress in dairy cows. Compared to low oxidative stress (LOS) cows, those with high oxidative stress (HOS) had altered bacterial community composition, including 16 species from 9 genera that were negatively correlated with oxidative stress. There were also changes in the microbiota’s functional behavior and related metabolites, and the findings suggested that changes in glutathione synthesis played a causative role in oxidative stress. Specifically, HOS cows had reduced microbial metabolism of amino acids involved in glutathione synthesis..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Mastitis is a severe disease in cows that decreases milk yield and quality in dairy farms around the world. Although pathogenic infection of the mammary gland is a major cause, the gut microbiota is also thought to play a critical role. Studies have shown that mastitis is associated with gastrointestinal imbalance caused by the acid build-up associated with a high-grain diet, but the direct link between gut microbes and mastitis remains unclear. To address this gap, researchers investigated the microbes and their metabolites in the gut of cows fed a high-grain diet. Findings revealed elevated levels of sialic acid. Separate experiments in mice showed that supplementation with sialic acid aided the proliferation of Enterobacteriacea. These microbes damage the gut barrier, allowing toxins to enter the intestine and cause local inflammation, which then progresses to systemic inflammation when the toxins enter the blood..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"In the fight against global hunger, dairy milk plays an important part. Now, according to new research, there might be a way to make milk even more nutritious. Researchers previously discovered that even when fed the same diet, some cows make higher-protein milk than others. To find out why, they recently examined the microbiome of cows’ rumens. Multi-omics analysis showed that a large proportion of variations in milk protein yield, or MPY, could be traced to differences in rumen microbiota. A closer look revealed that cows producing high-protein milk hosted a high abundance of certain species of bacteria, including Prevotella, and lower abundances of methane-producing bacteria. This unique assembly of microbes could help cows increase their microbial protein synthesis and amino acid supply, improving their MPY. These findings could help clarify the microbiome- and host-dependent contributions to MPY and inform precision feeding and genetic strategies to increase milk quality and production..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Ruminants have evolved specialized digestive systems that are great at converting complex carbohydrates into energy. This ability relies on a core bacterial community – the rumen microbiome – that express genes encoding catalytic activities for carbohydrate breakdown. Improving the functional capacity of these microbes has the potential to enhance feed conversion, addressing the challenges of sustainable production of food animals. Our current knowledge of bacterial metabolic pathways relies heavily on indirect techniques: sequencing, computational studies, and in vitro culture. A recent study describes a novel approach to study the direct effects of diet on the rumen microbiome. Using fluorescently labeled polysaccharides (FLA-PS) as a direct method of studying the interaction of microbes with dietary glycans the researchers could visualize carbohydrate metabolism in single bacterial cells within a complex rumen sample..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Poster for Federal Art Project, Art Teaching Division exhibition of children's art at 105 Fleet Pl. & 7802 Bay Parkway, in Brooklyn, New York, showing a child's painting of a cow in a field. Date stamped on verso: Mar 24 1941.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Colitis and other diarrheal diseases cause serious health problems in dairy calves and are often managed by antibiotics. But heavy agricultural antibiotic use is a major driver of the global antibiotic resistance crisis, meaning there is a need for non-antibiotic therapeutics. One such potential therapeutic is ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) or its common formulation, ursodiol. UDCA is a bile acid with previously demonstrated effectiveness treating colitis but an unclear mechanism of action. In a multipronged study, researchers examined the microbiome and metabolic profiles of healthy and diarrheic calves and tested the impacts of UDCA and ursodiol in cell culture and mouse models. A core set of gut bacterial groups distinguished healthy calves from diarrheic ones and those beneficial groups were associated with microbial UDCA production, short-chain fatty acids, and other prebiotics. Further, in several cell culture and mouse models, ursodiol administration blocked bacterial growth and invasion..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.