Medicines By Design aims to explain how scientists unravel the many different ways medicines work in the body and how this information guides the hunt for drugs of the future. Pharmacology is a broad discipline encompassing every aspect of the study of drugs, including their discovery and development and the testing of their action in the body. Much of the most promising pharmacological research going on at universities across the country is sponsored by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Working at the crossroads of chemistry, genetics, cell biology, physiology, and engineering, pharmacologists are fighting disease in the laboratory and at the bedside.

This exhibition honors the lives and achievements of women in medicine. Women physicians have excelled in many diverse medical careers. Some have advanced the field of surgery by developing innovative procedures. Some have won the Nobel prize. Others have brought new attention to the health and well-being of children. Many have reemphasized the art of healing and the roles of culture and spirituality in medicine.

This task was developed by high school and postsecondary mathematics and health sciences educators, and validated by content experts in the Common Core State Standards in mathematics and the National Career Clusters Knowledge & Skills Statements. It was developed with the purpose of demonstrating how the Common Core and CTE Knowledge & Skills Statements can be integrated into classroom learning – and to provide classroom teachers with a truly authentic task for either mathematics or CTE courses.

PLoS Medicine is an international, multidisciplinary medical journal that publishes outstanding human studies that substantially enhance the understanding of human health and disease. PLoS Medicine aims to promote translation of basic research into clinical investigation, and of clinical evidence into practice. PLoS Medicine encourages papers that cross disciplines.

Back in simpler times, doctors took care of their patients one visit at a time. Rarely did they feel compelled to pay much attention to the larger communities to which their patients belonged. That was left to public health professionals, if they existed. More recently, however, it's become abundantly clear that practicing high quality, cost-effective medicine requires us to look beyond our patients to see a whole population of people in need of our attention.

This primary-source study of 4 medical works of the 13th century Muslim scholar Ibn Al-Nafis confirmed that his Kitab Al-Mujaz Fi Al-Tibb was authored as an independent book meant to be a handbook for medical students and practitioners not as an epitome of Kitab Al-Qanun of Ibn Sina as thought by recent historians. His huge medical encyclopedia, Al-Shamil, represents a wave of intense scientific activity that spread among the scholars of Cairo and Damascus following the massive destruction of books by Hulako's Army during the devastation of Baghdad in 1258. Like his predecessors in the Islamic Era, Ibn Al-Nafis critically appraised the views of scholars before him in the light of his own experimentation and direct observations. Accordingly, in his books Sharh Tashreeh Al-Qanun, Risalat al-Aadaa and Al-Risalah Al-Kameleyyah, we find the first description of the coronary vessels and the true concept of the blood supply of the heart as well as the correct description of the pulmonary circulation and the beginnings of the proper understanding of the systemic circulation. Those discoveries of Ibn Al-Nafis, translated to Latin by Andreas Alpagus printed in Venice in 1547, appeared, 6 years later, in the Christianismi Restituto of Servetus and, in 1555, in the De Fabrica Humani Corporis of Vesalius 2nd edition then in the works of Valvarde 1554, Columbus 1559, Cesalpino 1571, and finally Harvey in 1628. Furthermore, this study documented several other contributions of Ibn Al-Nafis to the progress of human functional anatomy and to advances in medical and surgical practice.

Only 25% of US medical schools have a required nutrition course. Tufts provides such a course with 25 hours of instruction as lectures and small group activities. The course spans the theoretical to the clinical aspects of nutrition. The student learns to obtain information and knowledge, develop the ability to interpret and evaluate current nutrition research, and develop critical thinking skills on the use of nutrition in medical care. Small group assignments include: making a personal dietary assessment, trying a dietary change based on the DASH diet (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension), and interviewing a subject to obtain information on current eating patterns (with evaluation of this intake and dietary recommendations developed as a report). The "4 Messages" from the DASH diet are used as the overall unifying nutrition messages for the general US population and those at risk or with problems of hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease, or type 2 diabetes. Also addressed is the the role of exercise and the identification of behavioral skills from the perspective of the physician and the patient in order to successfully achieve a change in lifestyle for better health.

This course, year two of a three year medical course, provides the dental student with a more in-depth understanding of the pathology of the bodily systems with special emphasis on the oral cavity in lectures given by specialists.

Whether marijuana should be legalized for medicinal purposes has been contested for decades. The claims, counter-claims, issues, and judgments in this high profile controversy make it an excellent candidate for "intimate debate." While similar to traditional debating formats and ground-rules, the method of intimate debate has important differences. There is no audience, each student argues each side of the issue seated across from their opponents in pairs, and the session concludes with opposing teams reaching consensus. The case is suitable for any course where medical issues and social issues of science are discussed and in any classroom setting, from high school to professional school programs such as nursing and pharmacy.

Ed is dying. How should his wishes for medical treatment be carried out? As the case unfolds, students explore the rights and responsibilities of doctors, patients, and patient representatives regarding difficult medical decisions. Specifically, students consider the ramifications of Advance Directives and Durable Powers of Attorney. The case was written for an introductory biology course, but could easily be used in or modified for a human anatomy and physiology, introductory nursing, or medical ethics course.

An overview and comparison of different regenerative capabilities in many different organisms. Also featured on the recently released HHMI DVD, Potent Biology: Stem Cells, Cloning, and Regeneration, available free from HHMI.

This case was developed to teach first-year medical students the basics of medical ethics. It describes a situation in which a family physician is treating a teenage patient for a sexually transmitted disease. Based on information she gives him, he is concerned not only for her health and welfare, but also for the health and welfare of others. Students read the case and discuss the choices the doctor might make using the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Students then develop a rationale for the physician acting according to one of the ethical principles identified, and prepare a debate for the class supporting the rationale.

In this unit you will learn how advances in genetics could change the way in which diseases are diagnosed and managed. The advent of predictive medicine, based on more detailed DNA profiling of individual genotypes using technologies like gene chips, rather than screening for one gene at a time, may shift the relationship between doctor and patient. People will be seeking advice on how to manage their susceptibilities or genetic risks, rather than looking for treatment for an already existing disorder.

The parents of a six-week-old baby girl know there is something seriously wrong with their child, but it takes a number of frustrating visits to the pediatrician before they finally get a correct diagnosis. Once they do, the parents must decide whether they want to seek a surgical solution or rely on a course of medical treatment for their daughter. Best suited for classes in pharmacology, nursing, or medicine, this case could also be used in a basic biology or anatomy course.

Current emergency care in Ghana is sub-optimal with significant delays to definitive care and high morbidity and mortality. The Ghanaian government has recently invested in physical infrastructure for emergency care at major teaching hospitals, but the human resources to provide care are inadequate. To address this need, theĘGhana Emergency Medicine CollaborativeĘhas proposed an innovative training program focused on medical students, nurses, and residents with the formation of a new faculty for sustainable training. This program will train emergency medicine personnel in injury and acute medical illness management, expose trainees to research methodology, administrative and leadership aspects of emergency medicine. This program receives funding from theĘMedical Education Partnership Initiative (MEPI).

Current emergency care in Ghana is sub-optimal with significant delays to definitive care and high morbidity and mortality. The Ghanaian government has recently invested in physical infrastructure for emergency care at major teaching hospitals, but the human resources to provide care are inadequate. To address this need, theĘGhana Emergency Medicine CollaborativeĘhas proposed an innovative training program focused on medical students, nurses, and residents with the formation of a new faculty for sustainable training. This program will train emergency medicine personnel in injury and acute medical illness management, expose trainees to research methodology, administrative and leadership aspects of emergency medicine. This program receives funding from theĘMedical Education Partnership Initiative (MEPI).

Current emergency care in Ghana is sub-optimal with significant delays to definitive care and high morbidity and mortality. The Ghanaian government has recently invested in physical infrastructure for emergency care at major teaching hospitals, but the human resources to provide care are inadequate. To address this need, theĘGhana Emergency Medicine CollaborativeĘhas proposed an innovative training program focused on medical students, nurses, and residents with the formation of a new faculty for sustainable training. This program will train emergency medicine personnel in injury and acute medical illness management, expose trainees to research methodology, administrative and leadership aspects of emergency medicine. This program receives funding from theĘMedical Education Partnership Initiative (MEPI).

X-rays, CT scans and MRI scans are all medical imaging techniques of great practical importance that have been encountered by a great many people in their medical histories. This unit illustrates how these techniques work – and their limitations and advantages.

The focus of the course is on medical science and practice in the age of automation and the genome, both present and future. It includes an analysis of the computational needs of clinical medicine, a review systems and approaches that have been used to support those needs, and an examination of new technologies.