Seminar on the history of selected features of the physical environment of urban America. Among the features considered are parks, cemeteries, tenements, suburbs, zoos, skyscrapers, department stores, supermarkets, and amusement parks. Focuses on readings and discussions.

Seminar on downtown in US cities from the late nineteenth century to the late twentieth. Emphasis on downtown as an idea, place, and cluster of interests, on the changing character of downtown, and on recent efforts to rebuild it. Subjects considered include subways, skyscrapers, highways, urban renewal, and retail centers. Focus on readings, discussions, and individual research projects. Meets with graduate subject 11.339, but assignments differ.

This course explores the theory behind and evidence on regulatory, tax, and other government responses to problems of market failure. Special emphasis is given to developing and implementing tools to evaluate environmental policies. Other topics include cost-benefit analysis, measurement of the benefits of non-market goods and costs of regulations, and the evaluation of the impact of regulations in areas such as financial markets, workplace health and safety, consumer product safety, and other contexts.

Urban governance comprises the various forces, institutions, and movements that guide economic and physical development, the distribution of resources, social interactions, and other aspects of daily life in urban areas. This course examines governance from legal, political, social, and economic perspectives. In addition, we will discuss how these structures constrain collective decision making about particular urban issues (immigration, education…). Assignments will be nightly readings and a short paper relating an urban issue to the frameworks outlined in the class.

At the end of this lesson you will be able to read and understand a short newspaper article about a car-free Sunday.

Op het einde van deze les kun je ontbrekende elementen in het huurcontract van een auto aanvullen. In een eerste oefening zet je de etappes voor het huren van een auto in de juiste volgorde. Daarna consulteer je de site van een verhuurbedrijf en beantwoordt de waar-of- niet-waar-vragen. Vervolgens vul je de juiste woorden in een gatentekst (het contract) in. Tenslotte lees je het slot van het contract grondig en kies je het juiste antwoord.

In this class, students use data and systems knowledge to build models of complex socio-technical systems for improved system design and decision-making. Students will enhance their model-building skills, through review and extension of functions of random variables, Poisson processes, and Markov processes; move from applied probability to statistics via Chi-squared t and f tests, derived as functions of random variables; and review classical statistics, hypothesis tests, regression, correlation and causation, simple data mining techniques, and Bayesian vs. classical statistics. A class project is required.

Op het einde van deze les kun je een tabel met reisinformatie lezen en er de informatie uit selecteren die je nodig hebt. Je begint met een oefening op de namen van de maanden en op het lezen van het uur. Dan verwoord je zelf het digitaal genoteerde uur. Tenslotte lees je de treintabel en kiest het juiste antwoord uit de reeks.

You learn to understand short traffic bulletins. You practice your vocabulary relating to traffic matters. You practice the declension of articles.

The planning of sites and the infrastructure systems which serve them. Site analysis, spatial organization of uses on sites, design of roadways and subdivision patterns, grading plans, utility systems, analysis of runoff, parking requirements, traffic and off-site impacts, landscaping. Lectures on analytical techniques and examples of good site-planning practice. Assignments on each aspect of subject.

Na dit hoofdstuk kan je de verkeersregels begrijpen.

You learn to talk about traffic and holidays.

The measurement of traffic in PSTNs allows network operators to determine and maintain the Quality of Service (QoS) and in particular the Grade of service (GoS) that they offer their subscribers. This module is intended to impress upon the reader the sign