Students should discover how their height is related to their arm span. They will learn how to do spatial and visual estimation, use measuring tools, recognize factional parts of an inch, gather data, and organize and create a graph based on their findings.

This course's aims are two-fold: 1) to offer students the theoretical and practical tools to understand how and why cities become torn by ethnic, religious, racial, nationalist, and/or other forms of identity that end up leading to conflict, violence, inequality, and social injustice; and 2) to use this knowledge and insight in the search for solutions. As preparation, students will be required to become familiar with social and political theories of the city and the nation and their relationship to each other. They also will focus on the ways that racial, ethnic, religious, nationalist or other identities grow and manifest themselves in cities or other territorial levels of determination (including the regional or transnational). In the search for remedies, students will be encouraged to consider a variety of policymaking or design points of entry, ranging from the political- institutional (e.g. forms of democratic participation and citizenship) to spatial, infrastructural, and technological interventions.

This course is designed to provide an understanding of how the human brain works in health and disease, and is intended for both the Brain and Cognitive Science major and the non-Brain and Cognitive Science major. Knowledge of how the human brain works is important for all citizens, and the lessons to be learned have enormous implications for public policy makers and educators. The course will cover the regional anatomy of the brain and provide an introduction to the cellular function of neurons, synapses and neurotransmitters. Commonly used drugs that alter brain function can be understood through a knowledge of neurotransmitters. Along similar lines, common diseases that illustrate normal brain function will be discussed. Experimental animal studies that reveal how the brain works will be reviewed. Throughout the seminar we will discuss clinical cases from Dr. Byrne's experience that illustrate brain function; in addition, articles from the scientific literature will be discussed at each class.

The metaphysical semi-solipsism is a position that within the semi-idealistic framework of the NSTP (Non – Spatial Thinking Process) theory, ‘I’ and ‘the superhuman mind’ are the only material entities that exist. That is, only my NSTP and the superhuman NSTP/s exist. It is called semi-solipsism because unlike pure/conventional solipsism it asserts the existence of mind, i.e. the superhuman mind, other than one’s own. This position is based on the argument that ‘the non-existence of other non-superhuman minds/NSTPs simply makes the universal design simpler, i.e. it makes the superhuman engine less complicated, since the engine needs no additional intelligence/information to create a variety of specific spatial illusions through multiple (non-superhuman) NSTPs’.

The NSTP (Non - Spatial Thinking Process) theory is a theory that the material universe is exclusively a group of superhuman as well as non-superhuman thinking processes existing in the form of (non-spatial physical/material) feelings (i.e. states of consciousness). In computer terminology, it regards the (material) universe as a non-spatial computer, with hardware of non-spatial feelings and software of superhuman as well as non-superhuman thoughts/ideas, including those of space, which is then an illusive/virtual/merely apparent entity. The mere existence of the superhuman thoughts is responsible for the empirical (i.e. a posteriori) order in the non-superhuman ones. The theory is constituted of 6 axioms, 2 theorems, and 1 conjecture. It is found to be a master key that can resolve many of the mysteries in mathematics, logic, physics, biology, etc, through its universal non-spatial mechanical framework. Here, mainly Zeno’s paradoxes and quantum non-locality are considered.

The NSTP theory is a (philosophy of mind) semi-idealistic as well as semi-dualistic theory that the material universe, where some peculiar phenomena like quantum non-locality exist in, is exclusively a group of superhuman as well as non-superhuman thinking processes existing in the form of (non-spatial physical/material) feelings (i.e. states of consciousness). In computer terminology, it regards the (material) universe as a non-spatial computer, with hardware of (non-spatial) feelings and software of superhuman as well as non-superhuman thoughts/ideas, including those of space, which is then an illusive/virtual/merely apparent entity. The mere existence of the superhuman thoughts is responsible for the empirical (i.e. a posteriori) order in the non-superhuman ones. The theory, however, accepts the possibility of the reality of space, the space where the phenomena like quantum non-locality do not exist in. The theory is constituted of 6 axioms, 1 theorem, and 3 conjectures. The key strength and novelty in the theory lies in its axiomatic/self-evident foundation, its innovative semi-idealism and semi-dualism, and, in general, its road to idealism and dualism.

The purpose of this work is to describe that ‘it is self-evident that consciousness is non-spatial’; that is, ‘consciousness can be represented by no spatial structure’. It considers the example of the consciousness of bodily pain, which is stated to be conceptually distinct from its bodily counterpart, i.e. identification of some electrochemical signal in brain, as a self-evident fact. This example is just a matter of illustration and is not meant to be the justification/basis of the self-evident non-spatiality of consciousness, as no self-evident truth needs justification. Further it is argued that a reader’s possible denial of the self-evident non-spatiality of consciousness is, in fact, their inability to understand the truth due to the relatively profound concepts involved in it; as a simple self-evident mathematical proposition, like if p implies q and if p is true then q is true, may not be self-evidently comprehensible to a person of extremely poor intellect. The self-evident proposition that ‘consciousness is non-spatial’ is one of the six self-evident propositions that form the axiomatic/self-evident foundation of the NSTP (Non – Spatial Thinking Process) theory.

The purpose of this work is to bring out “semi-idealistic + semi-dualistic metaphysics” through the NSTP (Non – Spatial Thinking Process) theory. The NSTP theory is a (philosophy of mind) semi-idealistic as well as semi-dualistic theory that the material universe, where some peculiar phenomena like quantum non-locality exist in, is exclusively a group of superhuman as well as non-superhuman thinking processes existing in the form of (non-spatial physical/material) feelings (i.e. states of consciousness). In computer terminology, it regards the (material) universe as a non-spatial computer, with hardware of (non-spatial) feelings and software of superhuman as well as non-superhuman thoughts/ideas, including those of space, which is then an illusive/virtual/merely apparent entity. The mere existence of the superhuman thoughts is responsible for the empirical (i.e. a posteriori) order in the non-superhuman ones. The theory, however, accepts the possibility of the reality of space, the space where the phenomena like quantum non-locality do not exist in. The theory is constituted of 6 axioms, 1 theorem, and 3 conjectures. The key strength and novelty in the theory lies in its axiomatic/self-evident foundation, its innovative semi-idealism and semi-dualism, its idea of superhuman states of consciousness, its computational description of idealism, and, in general, its road to idealism and dualism.

This module discusses how the Spatial Transform is accomplished.

This work attempts to demonstrate the significant possibility (as contrast to the superhyperbolic or the least possibility) in an apparently inanimate thing, like a stone, being conscious. According to the semi-idealistic framework of the NSTP (Non – Spatial Thinking Process) theory, any spatial, and therefore illusive/virtual, entity may have (real non-spatial) feelings/states of consciousness associated with it, provided it has an appropriate conceptual representation in the superhuman engine. A stone, for example, being an apparently spatial entity, may have conceptual representation in the superhuman mind/NSTPs/engine so as to be conscious. Thus, it may be that a broken stone feels pain till its death and then its pieces become conscious. The kind/type of states of consciousness associated with a stone depends entirely upon the kind/type of conceptual representation it has in the superhuman engine.

The purpose of this article is to bring out ‘The Superultramodern Biology’, in brief. The superultramodern biology is essentially the application of the NSTP (Non – Spatial Thinking Process) theory, a key component of superultramodern science / philosophy, in biological science. The main product of the application is the idea of ‘Non – Spatial Natural Selection (NSNS)’, which is the ‘NSTP Theoretical Evolution’. NSNS is a result of the NSTP theoretical solution of problems like ‘the problem of cell development and differentiation’, ‘the problem of newly minted protein folding’, etc. The first part of this article states the problems as well as the solutions, and the second part discusses the ‘Non – Spatial Natural Selection (NSNS)’, and compares it with the ‘Spatial Natural Selection (SNS)’.

The superultramodern (SUM) solipsism is a strong metaphysical semi-solipsistic position constituted of some ideas in superultramodern (SUM) science and philosophy. The first idea or strand is the NSTP (Non – Spatial Thinking Process) theoretical metaphysical semi-solipsism, the position that within the semi-idealistic framework of the NSTP theory ‘I’ and ‘the superhuman mind’ are the only material entities that exist, for the non-existence of other non-superhuman minds simply makes the universal design (i.e. the superhuman engine) simpler, as the engine needs no additional intelligence/information to create a variety of specific spatial illusions through multiple (non-superhuman) NSTPs. The second strand further sees the superhuman design and/or designer, through an astrological framework, as a personal philosophical questioning supermind, the mind which, apparently being highly reasonable, has further no good reason to create tremendous suffering through the existence of other non-superhuman minds which are simply unable to answer its profound philosophical questions. The third strand is a composite of two mutually complementary basic feelings that this miraculous thing called consciousness exists, and that it is particularly ‘I’ who is conscious, and thus other entities, at least other non-superhuman entities, might be unconscious, and that Truth would always be different from how it commonsensically appears to be.