Hope Kelly reports on a dispute between the tenants and the landlords of a building in Allston. Kelly notes that the tenants have brought suit against the landlords for discriminatory practices. Kelly reports that a fire damaged the building in February. She notes that the landlords have aided white tenants with temporary relocation and have assured them an eventual return to their apartments. Kelly reports that African American tenants have been ignored. Kelly reports that the tenants have been barred from the building altogether. Kelly's report includes footage of a protest outside the apartment building by tenants and city officials. Brian McLoughlin (Boston City Council), Mel King (community activist), Domenic Bozzotto (Hotel Workers Union), and David Scondras (Boston City Council) are among those present. Tenants and city officials condemn the owners of the building and demand the return of tenants to the building. Kelly reviews the status of the lawsuit and gives the names of the owners of the building. She attempts to interview David Spada (owner) when he arrives at the building. Spada refuses to be interviewed.

Christy George reports that poor neighborhoods lack access to banking services. George notes that banking leaders met with community leaders today to announce an agreement that will provide better banking services to poor neighborhoods. George reviews the details of the agreement, which will provide bank branches, loans, and increased investment to poor neighborhoods. George's report includes footage of the meeting of banking and community leaders. Richard Pollard (Massachusetts Bankers Association) says that redlining did not take place in the 1980s. Charles Stith (Organization for a New Equality), Bruce Bolling (Boston City Council), Willie Jones (Community Investment Coalition), John Hamill (Shawmut Bank), and Ronald Homer (Boston Bank of Commerce) all speak out in favor of the proposal. Michael Dukakis (Governor of Massachusetts) is present at the meeting. George reports that the agreement forces banks to restructure their rules in order to serve poor people. This edition of the Ten O'Clock News also included the following items: Julian Bond at Harvard University. Julian Bond. Christopher Lydon interviews Sarah Small.

David Boeri reports that Ray Flynn (Mayor of Boston) and the Boston City Council will work together to create a public housing policy that ensures equal access while providing some element of choice. Boeri notes that the city must comply with the policy of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) if they wish to continue receiving federal funds. Boeri's report includes footage of Flynn, Charles Yancey (Boston City Council), and Bruce Bolling (Boston City Council) at a press conference about fair housing policy. Boeri's report also features footage from an interview with James Kelly (Boston City Council). Kelly says that free choice is more important than racial diversity. Boeri reviews the current housing policy and the policy requirements of HUD. Boeri's report is accompanied by footage of white and African American tenants of public housing and by footage of Dapper O'Neil (Boston City Council).

Cannonball Adderley and the Cannonball Express. Program contains numerous 'magazine-style' segments, of which the most prominent is host John Slade's interview with musician Cannonball Adderley. Accompanying the interview, in segments before and after, is performance footage of Adderley's jazz band Cannonball Express (with Bobby Timmons, Walter Booker and Roy McCurdy) shot live at Paul's Mall in Boston the night before the interview. Other segments include a performance by the Immala Blakely Dancers, an interview with Harvard psychiatry professor Dr. Alvin Pouissant about his book Why Blacks Kill Blacks, a demonstration of self-defense techniques using karate with black belt Harry Gardner, and a performance by jazz group The J.R. Mitchell Experience. Produced by John Slade. Directed by Russell Tillman.

'Coffee Coloured Children' is a powerful exploration of the impact of cultural pressure on self-image. Based on the daily experience of mixed-race children, the narrator recalls the pain and confusion of her own childhood spent in an all-white neighborhood with a white mother and an absent black father. The work opens with a video essay showing adults and children of many ethnicities interacting harmoniously to an upbeat and soulful song with a chorus about 'coffee-colored people.' Through narration by her and her brother and dramatization, Onwurah relays incidents from her own childhood. She recounts the brutal and racist vandalization of her apartment. In reenactments, she is seen making up her face with white makeup and scrubbing her body in the bathtub with chemical abrasives. At the close of the piece, she and her brother stand in front of a fire, burning symbolic mementos of their pain and confusion over their own physical identities. 'Melting pot,' she asks, 'or incinerator? 'The work is approximately 16 and one-half minutes long and was broadcast as a segment of episode 604 (1990), and episode 102 (1991), of 'New Television.' Produced by Ngozi A. Onwurah and Simon Onwurah. Directed by Ngozi A. Onwurah.

'Color Schemes' features twelve performers and writers of color who collaborate to recount incidents of racism, particularly racism in the entertainment industry. The work uses the metaphor of washing a load of colored clothing and is divided up into four sections based on laundry cycles. Cycle One, 'Soak,' opens with an archival piece of animation about the price of labor, with a particularly offensive rendition of a Chinese man who is referred to repeatedly as a 'coolie.' In a staged vignette, three of the actors are standing at a chicken-packaging factory line in an open air alley. Phones keep dropping down, and they take calls as they work, responding with mock enthusiasm to offers to play stereotypical parts. In Cycle Two, 'Wash,' another trio of actors are shooting pool, singing fragments of songs, and telling stories that reflect cultural stereotypes they have faced. At one point, a Native American actress says, 'We used to watch the cowboy movies backwards, so that way we would always win.' Footage of a black-and-white cowboy movie played backwards is superimposed onto a bank of windows on a building in the background. In the Third Cycle, 'Rinse,' three more actors are seated at a bus stop. One of them unloads animal bones from his sack. One of the performers asks another, 'Have you been waiting long?' 'So long I could be a statue,' she responds. Cycle Four, 'Extract,' features the final three performers delivering monologues, first individually and then simultaneously in front of a projected film of street scenes. Between each section or Cycle, we see the entire ensemble of performers seated at a dinner table, cutting in unison into TV dinners. In the last scene of this scenario, the performers slowly break out of this superimposed mode of restraint and begin laughing, singing, and playing with their food. The text, 'Can you identify the model minority?' flashes across the screen. The work concludes with the performers' voices improvising with the query, 'What do you do with the native tongues that keep bursting out?" The work was broadcast as a segment of episode 507 (1989), and episode 107 (1991), of 'New Television.' Produced and directed by Shu Lea Cheang.

Hope Kelly reports on charges of racism against the Boston Irish Rowing Club. Kelly notes that Larry Otway (President, St. Brendan's Rowing Club of New York) said that he was discouraged from bringing African American rowers to compete against the Boston Irish Rowing Club in South Boston. Kelly adds that Otway later rescinded his accusations. Kelly reports that Ray Flynn (Mayor of Boston) held a press conference to cite progress in fighting racism across the city. Kelly's report is accompanied by footage of Flynn's press conference. Flynn, William Geary (Commissioner, Metropolitan District Commission), Bruce Bolling (Boston City Council), John Joyce (President, Boston Irish Rowing Club), and Otway speak at the press conference. Joyce denies any discriminatory practices on the part of the Boston Irish Rowing Club. Kelly reports that Andrew Jones (Greater Roxbury Incorporation Project ) and Curtis Davis (Greater Roxbury Incorporation Project) held a rival press conference in front of the L Street Bath House in South Boston. Kelly's report includes footage of Davis and Jones speaking out against racism at their press conference. Jerry Cullitary (South Boston resident) defends South Boston against charges of racism. Kelly reports that the two press conferences presented opposing points of view on racism in Boston. Kelly interviews Susan Moir (South Boston resident) about racism in South Boston. Kelly's report is accompanied by footage of people rowing in curraghs on Pleasure Bay.

Highland Park Free School. Program focuses on education as an 'equalizer' in America. Through segments that discuss the educational needs of the African American community, desegregation in public schools, and job discrimination, Program 112, illustrates the problems African Americans have had obtaining a good education. Program includes interview footage with Jim Cooper, a teacher at the Highland Park Free School, 'Commentary' by Sarah-Ann Shaw (in which she discusses Black thought in education), the 'Historical Minute' with Georgia State Representative Julian Bond (consisting of readings of historical facts related to Black education), a 'Political Note' on job satisfaction, job training, and workforce discrimination, an excerpt from the theater piece The Dozens, produced by WTTW TV, and segment interludes with Russell Tillman and Ric Mandrill (of the musical group Mandrill). Produced by Marita Rivero. Directed by Conrad White.

Christy George reports that a lawsuit has been filed against the Boston Housing Authority (BHA) to protest its discriminatory housing policies. George notes that the lawsuit charges that the BHA has discouraged minorities from moving into all-white housing projects. George adds that the city is planning to voluntarily integrate its housing projects by next year. George interviews Tanya Boman and Annie Hailey, who are among the plaintiffs in the lawsuit. Boman and Hailey talk about their experience with the BHA. George reports that both women were told that their families would be unsafe in white housing projects and that the BHA would not provide them with protection. George notes that African American families in white housing projects may be victims of harassment. George's report includes footage from an interview with Doris Bunte (BHA). Bunte denies any discriminatory practices on the part of BHA employees. George interviews James Kelly (Boston City Council). Kelly defends the BHA and denounces public housing integration. George reports that Kelly has proposed an alternative public housing integration plan that eliminates preferences for minority families applying for apartments in white housing projects. George's report includes footage from an interview with Dianne Wilkerson (NAACP). Wilkerson criticizes the city's record on public housing integration and the slow pace of change. This edition of the Ten O'Clock News also included the following item: David Boeri reports that midwives at Boston City Hospital have been locked out by the hospital administration in a dispute over hospital policy. Midwives at Boston City Hospital

Callie Crossley reports that the state of Massachusetts has decided to allow businesses and insurance companies to test people for the AIDS antibody. Crossley reports that critics complain that the proposed policy favors insurance companies over patients. Crossley's report includes footage of Paula Gold (Secretary of Consumer Affairs) at a press conference. Gold says that testing will be allowed under limited circumstances and controlled conditions. Crossley notes that the Urban League of Eastern Massachusetts is a strong opponent of the policy. Crossley's report includes footage of Don Polk (Urban League of Eastern Massachusetts) at a press conference. Polk condemns involuntary testing except for clear public health reasons. Crossley reports that Polk believes that the policy does not contain appropriate measures to ensure patient confidentiality. She adds that Polk believes the policy to be discriminatory against African American life insurance policy holders. At the press conference, Polk says that the proposed policy fails to take into account the discrepancy in life expectancy between African American AIDS victims and white AIDS victims. Crossley reports the Urban League believes that the new state policy de-emphasizes public health education campaigns, which are important in minority communities. Crossley's story is accompanied by shots of public health informational brochures and by shots of African Americans at a bus stop. This tape includes additional shots of public health education literature. This edition of the Ten O'Clock News also included the following item: Boston City Council has delayed voting on the school reform package proposed by Ray Flynn (Mayor of Boston)Boston City Council delays vote on school reform

Hope Kelly reports on the removal of Judge Paul King (former Chief Justice, Dorchester District Court) from his position at Dorchester District Court. Kelly notes that the State Supreme Court demoted King for misconduct in and out of court, including sexist remarks, racist standards for setting bail and for public drunkenness. Kelly reviews the incidents leading to King's demotion. Kelly reports that King was transferred to Stoughton District Court, where he is only allowed to sit on civil cases. Kelly's report includes shots of newspaper articles covering the story and footage of lawyers, clerks, and defendants in a courtroom.

David Boeri reports that Kathy Gannett (former HUD employee) has settled a wrongful dismissal complaint against the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Boeri notes that Gannett claims that she was fired for filing a complaint with HUD against the Boston Housing Authority (BHA) for discriminatory housing policies. Boeri reports that HUD officials claim that Gannett was fired for inappropriately questioning Doris Bunte (BHA) during a meeting. Boeri interviews Gannett and Elizabeth Rogers (attorney for Gannett). Gannett talks about the case. Gannett says that her complaint against the BHA was ignored. Gannett says that she did not question Bunte inappropriately. Boeri quotes Bunte as saying that Gannett was 'hostile' to her during a meeting. Boeri adds that Gannett questioned Bunte about security for minority families in white housing projects. Boeri's report includes footage from an interview with Gannett in 1987. This tape includes additional footage of Gannett.

Christy George reports that James Kelly (Boston City Council) objects to an interfaith, interracial prayer service to be held in South Boston because he fears that the meeting could be seen as an endorsement of the city's plan to integrate South Boston housing projects. George notes that Kelly has called for the meeting to be moved to another location. George's report includes footage from an interview with Father Thomas McDonnell (St. Augustine's Church in South Boston) and Reverend John Borders (Morningstar Baptist Church). McDonnell and Borders say that South Boston is not a racist neighborhood. George's report also includes footage from an interview with Kelly. George quotes Kelly as saying that he opposes forced busing, racial quotas, and forced housing. George reports that community leaders have met with Ray Flynn (Mayor of Boston) to discuss the peaceful integration of public housing projects. George's report includes footage of community leaders at a press conference. Doris Bunte (Boston Housing Authority), Charles Stith (Union United Methodist Church), John O'Bryant (Boston School Committee),and Don Muhammad (Nation of Islam, Roxbury) speak at the press conference. George reports that Bernard Cardinal Law (Archdiocese of Boston) endorses the meeting. George notes that Flynn is pushing for housing integration over the objections of South Boston residents. George's report includes footage of Flynn at a community meeting in South Boston and footage of anti-busing activity in South Boston in 1977.

Hope Kelly reports on a legislative hearing in Boston on alleged redlining practices by Boston banks. Kelly reports that the Federal Reserve Bank released a study finding evidence of redlining practices. Kelly notes that the banking industry reacted strongly to the accusations. Kelly's report includes footage from the legislative hearings. Barney Frank (US Congressman) and Benjamin Hooks (Executive Director, NAACP) condemn redlining practices. Richard Pollard (Chairman, Massachusetts Banking Association) and Richard Syron (President, Federal Reserve Bank) say that they do not believe that the banks are engaged in redlining. Kelly reviews the findings of the study. She adds that the study does not conclude if the findings reflect redlining or discrimination on the part of lenders. Kelly quotes Ray Flynn (Mayor of Boston), Michael Dukakis (Governor of Massachusetts), and Joseph Kennedy (US Congressman) as saying the redlining practices cannot be tolerated. Kelly interviews Pollard. Pollard says that banks are not engaged in redlining. He adds that banks need to better serve the needs of minority communities. Kelly notes that the legislative hearing addressed solutions to the problem of redlining, but did not talk about the problem of racism.This tape includes additional footage of the legislative hearing.

This module is a republication of the following essay: Frank G. Speck. 1911. Missions in the Creek Nation. Southern Workman 40, no. 4: 206-208. Based on ethnographic field research undertaken in the Creek Nation in 1904, 1905 and 1908, Speck's essay describes the history and consequences of Christian missionary activity among the peoples of the Creek Nation. The essay's wider focus is the nature of native cultural and social change under the uneven and often disruptive effects of contact with non-native people and American economic, political and social institutions. Under U.S. copyright law, this essay is now in the public domain and is being republished on this basis.

The book collects together and republishes a set of essays by Frank G. Speck that were originally issued as separate articles in The Southern Workman. The papers, which were written early in Speck's career, during the period 1907-1911, draw upon his first-hand observations in the Indian and Oklahoma Territories on the eve of Oklahoma statehood. In contrast to his more dispassionate ethnographic writings, which were published in venues read primarily by professional anthropologists and folklorists, these essays were published for a popular audience in the journal of the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, an important college serving African American and Native American students. Reflecting the sensibilities of Speck and his anthropological circle at the time, these brief essays are accessible, provocative and sometimes biting in tone and represent the work of a young scholar seeking to develop a public, progressive, critical and engaged stance relative to the social problems faced by the peoples--particularly Native American and African American peoples--of Oklahoma and of the United States more broadly. For modern readers, the essays are little utilized sources for the study of Oklahoma, Freedmen, and Muscogee (Creek) Indian cultural history. They also deepen historical understandings of Speck and his work and enrich scholarly knowledge of early efforts at developing anthropology as a means of cultural critique. Under U.S. copyright law, these essays are now in the public domain and is being republished on this basis.

This module is a republication of the following essay: Frank G. Speck. 1907. Negro and White Exclusion Towns in Indian Territory. Southern Workman 36, no. 8: 430-432. Based on ethnographic field research undertaken in Oklahoma and Indian Territories in 1904 and 1905, Speck's essay describes the racial polarization and violence that was unfolding in the territories at the time of Oklahoma statehood. Under U.S. copyright law, this essay is now in the public domain and is being republished on this basis.

This module is a republication of the following essay: Frank G. Speck. 1908. The Negroes and the Creek Nation. Southern Workman 37, no. 2: 106-110. Based on ethnographic field research undertaken in the Creek Nation, Indian Territory in 1904 and 1905, Speck's essay describes the history and present-day circumstances of the Creek Freedmen and other peoples of African American ancestry then living in the Creek Nation on the eve of Oklahoma Statehood. He generalizes about the status of African American peoples in the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Seminole Nations on the basis of his observations among the Creeks and his travels throughout Indian Territory. Under U.S. copyright law, this essay is now in the public domain and is being republished on this basis.

This module is a republication of the following essay: Frank G. Speck. 1907. Observations in Oklahoma and Indian Territory. Southern Workman 36, no. 1: 23-27. Based on ethnographic field research undertaken in the Oklahoma and Indian Territories in 1904 and 1905, Speck's essay describes a range of environmental and social problems faced by the diverse peoples residing in the territories on the eve of Oklahoma statehood. Under U.S. copyright law, this essay is now in the public domain and is being republished on this basis.