In this presentation, we will describe the global levels and trends in major air pollutants and related health burden. Air pollution is an important global risk factor for disease. People who live in more polluted areas develop more often chronic and infectious disease and die prematurely as compared to people living in areas with low air pollution.

This course addresses the challenges of defining a relationship between exposure to environmental chemicals and human disease. Course topics include epidemiological approaches to understanding disease causation; biostatistical methods; evaluation of human exposure to chemicals, and their internal distribution, metabolism, reactions with cellular components, and biological effects; and qualitative and quantitative health risk assessment methods used in the U.S. as bases for regulatory decision-making. Throughout the term, students consider case studies of local and national interest.

This course addresses the challenges of defining a relationship between exposure to environmental chemicals and human disease. Course topics include epidemiological approaches to understanding disease causation; biostatistical methods; evaluation of human exposure to chemicals, and their internal distribution, metabolism, reactions with cellular components, and biological effects; and qualitative and quantitative health risk assessment methods used in the U.S. as bases for regulatory decision-making. Throughout the term, students consider case studies of local and national interest.

This presentation aims to increase the students knowledge of physical inactivity and how it’s a major risk factor for developing diabetes, independent of body weight. Moreover we’ll discuss how we fight the global burden of a physical inactive lifestyle.

Course responsible: Associate Professor Signe Sørensen Torekov, MD Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen & Professor Jens Juul Holst

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Fetal cell-derived exosomes are known to induce inflammatory changes in maternal decidual and myometrial cells to signal parturition. However, maternal cell-derived exosomes and their effects on fetal cells are not well understood. To learn more, researchers recently characterized exosomes from decidual and myometrial cells grown under normal or oxidative stress/inflammatory conditions and assessed these exosomes’ impacts on fetal amnion epithelial cells (AECs) and chorion trophoblast cells (CTCs). The exosomes from both maternal cell types were round and expressed exosome markers. Neither exosome size nor quantity differed between the control group and the groups treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or TNF-α. Numerous proteins were common to all kinds of exosomes, while others were associated with exosomes from a specific cell type or treatment group. Compared with control exosomes, exosomes from exposed maternal cells increased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from fetal cells..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Colon cancer is the third most common and the second deadliest cancer worldwide. There are several known risk factors, which include gallbladder removal, or cholecystectomy, but the causal link between the two has not yet been confirmed. The gallbladder regulates bile acid metabolism, and its removal may lead to an overload of secondary bile acids. Researchers recently found that gallbladder removal in a colitis-associated mouse model promoted colon cancer development. Further, gallbladder removal elevated plasma levels of the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA). In cultured colon cancer cells, DCA administration promoted cellular proliferation and migration and altered the expression of over 200 genes. Some of the upregulated genes were correlated with the important signaling pathway Wnt and cell cycle-associated pathways. DCA treatment also reduced expression of the receptor FXR, which subsequently increased levels of β-Catenin and c-Myc in both cultured cells and mice..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Asia has 365 million elderly people, and this population is expected to reach 520 million by 2030 Asian countries also had the highest rates of dementia in the 2015 World Alzheimer Report Because the risks of dementia and hypertension - which are related - increase with age, Asia is facing a troubling trend in its aging population The HOPE Asia Network conducted a much-needed review of hypertension and dementia in Asia They found that Asians had low awareness of hypertension as a major risk factor for brain damage and compared to developed countries, Asian countries had poorer hypertension management The HOPE Network emphasized the importance of controlling blood pressure variability to preserve cognitive functions by reducing vascular dementia risk and global stroke burden and suggested that Asia must focus on detecting hypertension and lowering blood pressure in midlife to protect against later-life cognitive decline in its growing elderly population Turana et al..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.