Agha Ibrahim Akram was a lieutenant general who served in the Pakistan Army during the 1965 and 1971 wars with India. In this video segment, Akram recalls 1974 as the watershed year when India detonated a nuclear explosive and took one step toward becoming a nuclear power in hopes of enhancing its global status. That moment also coincided with skyrocketing oil prices, which stiffened Pakistan's resolve to develop nuclear energy for electricity and, if need be, weapons. The interview Akram conducted for War and Peace in the Nuclear Age: 'The Haves and Have-Nots' concentrates on the history of tension and conflict between Pakistan and India. He reviews the three wars: the devastating bloodshed that followed partition in 1947, the pride he felt in 1965 as chief of staff of an infantry division along the West Pakistan border, and his bitterness toward India over the Bangladesh war in 1971. Despite the persistence of tension between Pakistan and India, Akram recognizes circumstances in which their perspectives and geopolitical positions meet. For instance, he fully supports India's critique of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty: that the major nuclear powers only selectively enforce and adhere to its provisions. He wishes that South Asia could be a nuclear-weapons-free zone but is willing to settle for India and Pakistan's interdependence: 'The two countries are the protagonists of South Asia. We'll actually cross the threshold together or not cross it at all.'

'Borders' begins with a short dramatic piece that introduces the issues of complicity, resistance, and boundaries. This work continues to investigate these themes in the style of a documentary. In the prologue, actor Steve Buscemi plays Ted, a young scientist who goes to work at a large scientific research facility. Here he develops ideas that, much to the dismay and rebuff of his jealous fellow researchers who gather around a vending machine, are embraced by his supervisors. The young scientists are contributing research on nuclear activity and their findings are ultimately militarized. At home, Ted's girlfriend Jane packs her bags and leaves, unable to live with what she perceives as Ted's culpability. In the course of their discussion, we learn that Ted actually hopes to make medical advances and that he sees his current position as a necessary evil. 'Sometimes, you have to join them to beat them,' implores Ted, but Jane doesn't buy it and drives off, leaving him dejected in the driveway. The remainder of the work consists mainly of interviews with a diverse group of individuals who discuss the concept of crossing borders, be they literal or figurative. Many of the interviewers deal with contentious political issues, such as immigration or the defense industry's Star Wars plan. Writer, performer, and subcultural hero Robert Anton Wilson discusses a wide array of subjects, including influences on his work, science fiction and perception, and possible conspiracies. Journalist and thriller writer Brian Freemantle speaks of being banned from some countries due to his investigative work. He tells harrowing tales of entering militarized border zones in Czechoslovakia and Bangladesh. Both Freemantle and Wilson discuss the possibility that the CIA and the Vatican have been involved in drug trafficking and related money laundering. Dr. Michio Kaku, a professor of theoretical physics, speaks of his experience as a bright scientist who received a Hertz engineering scholarship and worked at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under the direction of Edward Teller, one of the developers of the atomic bomb, and the pressures that came with this arrangement. Kaku goes on to analyze weaknesses in the theories behind the Star Wars plan and to outline an alternate theory of the universe, the 'super string' theory. The American-born writer Margaret Randall discusses her inability to achieve citizenship in the United States after living as a citizen of Mexico for many years. Randall was denied citizenship twice based on the political nature of her writings, which were perceived by one judge as 'advocating the doctrines of world communism.' Juanita Kreps, the first woman to serve as Secretary of Commerce, talks about the differences in policy and perception as revealed through the process of reaching a Chinese and American trade agreement. Another interviewee is Rene, a painter and sculptor who, inspired by Duchamp's Society of Independent Artists, named an air vent at the Museum of Modern Art and invited friends to an unofficial opening. Footage of this event is incorporated. Interviews and footage document the movement of illegal aliens at the Mexican-American border. Customs officials, patrol agents, and individuals attempting to cross the border are interviewed. Footage of customs officials investigating vehicles and people attempting to escape are incorporated. A hacker is interviewed about phone tapping, in tangent with remarks by Wilson. Paintings by Hillary Hill Burnett are included. Original music by Fred Reed provides the score for 'Borders.' 'Borders' was created using the facilities at the Experimental Television Center and Film Video Arts of New York City.The piece is approximately 54 minutes long and was broadcast as a segment of episode 505 (1989) of 'New Television.'

Chandra Shekhar Jha was India's foreign secretary from 1965 to 1967. In this video segment, Jha explains why India cannot exclude the future possibility of owning nuclear weapons. The key to disarmament, he insists, rests with the nuclear nations that are 'adding to their stockpiles' and 'preparing for war. 'Jha's interview conducted for War and Peace in the Nuclear Age: 'The Haves and Have-Nots' begins with his recollections of his devastating post-war tour of Japan with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and their shared ideals of disarmament and economic development by harnessing 'Atoms for Peace.' Jha's interview also examines the dilemma of staying the non-nuclear course given regional security concerns: the 1962 Chinese attack on India, followed two years later by China's detonation of its first nuclear bomb, and ongoing tensions with its neighbor Pakistan. While prioritizing the country's economic development over diverting resources to acquire nuclear weapons, Jha rejects the Non-Proliferation Treaty as embodying 'nuclear colonialism' and objects to the preferential treatment granted other threshold states.

Ambassador Ryukichi Imai-journalist, nuclear engineer, and general manager at Japan Atomic Power Company-was Japanese ambassador to the United Nations Disarmament Conference from 1982 to 1987. In this video segment, Imai explains why he believes that Japan will never embark on a nuclear-weapons program. He also predicts that, while Japan stands alone in its reliance on nuclear energy, rising energy prices-even post-Chernobyl-will revive worldwide interest in nuclear power. In the interview he conducted for War and Peace in the Nuclear Age: 'Have and Have-nots,' Imai describes a career in which he became an expert on nuclear energy and non-proliferation in ways that paralleled Japan's stages of harnessing and expanding its reliance on atomic energy. Employed by Japan Atomic Power Company at the first commercial nuclear-power station in the country, Imai worked with the International Atomic Energy Agency to develop safeguards for nuclear technologies. He recalls that in the 1950s, few talked about the link between nuclear energy and weapons. He describes testifying on behalf of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), which Japan debated for six years before ratifying. Debate centered on whether Japan should have the right to arm itself and on the high costs of safeguards that would handicap industry in the global market. Imai argued in support of the NPT, and he did not want to jeopardize the 1951 mutual-security treaty with the United States that he regarded as paramount to Japan's safety. When U.S. president Jimmy Carter opposed Japan's first reprocessing plant at Tokai, it was Imai whom the Japanese government sent to the United States. There he successfully negotiated a solution with former colleague Joseph Nye, then deputy to the undersecretary of state for security assistance, science, and technology.

Group design project involving integration of nuclear physics, particle transport, control, heat transfer, safety, instrumentation, materials, environmental impact, and economic optimization. Provides students with opportunity to synthesize knowledge acquired in nuclear and non-nuclear subjects and apply this knowledge to practical problems of current interest in nuclear applications design.

The purpose of this course is to discuss modern techniques of generation of x-ray photons and neutrons and then follow with selected applications of newly developed photon and neutron scattering spectroscopic techniques to investigations of properties of condensed matter which are of interest to nuclear engineers.