This course analyzes Russia's social, cultural, and political heritage in the 18th and 19th centuries, up to and including the Russian Revolution of 1917. It compares reforming and revolutionary impulses in the context of serfdom, the rise of the intelligentsia, and debates over capitalism, while focusing on historical and literary texts, especially the intersections between the two.

In his typically jingoist view of Polk's handling of the Oregon question, the artist Edward Williams Clay belittles the self-interested attitudes of Europe toward the dispute. The issue of whether to settle the northern boundary of American territory in Oregon at the 49th parallel or at the more expansive 54.40 parallel was in dispute even before Polk's election. Stung by British rejection of his administration's proposal of the 49th parallel, however, Polk publicly pursued the bolder claim in the early months of 1846. At the same time he considered providing Britain with tariff concessions, as an incentive to compromise. In Clay's cartoon Polk, urged on by the belligerent General Bunkum, faces English monarch Queen Victoria and Prince Albert across an ocean. In the distance, on "neutral Ground," Louis Philippe of France and Czar Nicholas I of Russia look on. Victoria (on her throne): "I've opened my Ports for the admission of your Corn, and I offer to settle the Oregon business by arbitration! What more can you expect? Beware how you rouse the British Lion!" Prince Albert, in a heavy German accent: "I dink so doo!" Nearby (far left) the Duke of Wellington struggles to rouse the British lion, who says, "Unloose my chains and fill my belly! Then I'll fight." Polk, to Victoria: "You opened your ports to keep you from starvation! I offered to settle the Oregon question at 49 [degrees] and you refused--I won't arbitrate--I go the whole figure to 54 42. which, if you'll agree to, I am willing to negotiate! General Bunkum, heavily armed and accompanied by a bald eagle: "I'm for war and the whole of Oregon, Kalifornia, Kanada, and Kuba; here's a bird that will cut your British lion's liver out, and eat it cold without sugar, by thunder!!!" On an island near Britian, Irish Repeal Movement leader Daniel O'Connell waves a "Repeal" club, threatening, "Give us repale, or the divil an Irishman will you get to join your ranks!" O'Connell also holds a bag of "rent," the term for American funds contributed in support of his movement. Czar Nicholas: "I shall have no objection to see John Bull get a good licking; It will help my Eastern views." Louis Philippe: "I got my fingers burnt by meddling in the Texas business, so I shall not interfere in this; especially as a war will bring grist to my mill!" |Entered . . . 1846 by J. Baillie.|Lith & pub. by James Baillie 118 Nassau St. N.Y.|Signed with initials: E.W.C. (Edward Williams Clay).|The Library's impression was deposited for copyright on April 5, 1846.|Title appears as it is written on the item.|Davison, no. 194.|Weitenkampf, p. 86.|Forms part of: American cartoon print filing series (Library of Congress)|Published in: American political prints, 1766-1876 / Bernard F. Reilly. Boston : G.K. Hall, 1991, entry 1846-1.