This patient education program reviews wrist anatomy, the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, particularly the benefits and risks of surgery. This is a MedlinePlus Interactive Health Tutorial from the National Library of Medicine, designed and developed by the Patient Education Institute.

This 42-year-old man complains of poor balance and frequent falls for 6 years. Imbalance has been progressive; he cannot ambulate independently at present. He experiences tremors and weakness. Viewing the video requires installation of the free QuickTime Plug-in. Disease diagnosis: degenerative. Clinical history: Imbalance has been progressive and he now cannot ambulate independently. He is in good general health except for heavy alcohol use. For the last 10 years, he has consumed a quart of vodka and 5 beers daily. On awakening, he feels "shaky" and calms himself with a morning drink. He has not had blackouts or delirium tremens but has had two seizures in the past. He smokes 1-2 packs/day but does not use drugs. Diagnostic imaging studies were done. (1st admission, 8-9-00). He was found unconscious in his home in a pool of bloody vomitus by his relatives. He had apparently been on the floor for several days. He was confused and disoriented. He had a left-sided hemiparesis, left lower facial weakness and a left Babinski sign. Admitting labs showed Hb 4-7, hematocrit 13. Liver enzymes and creatine phosphokinase were elevated. CT scan and MRI showed an acute ischemic infarct (2nd admission, 6-10-01).

This 42-year-old man complains of poor balance and frequent falls for 6 years. Imbalance has been progressive; he cannot ambulate independently at present. He experiences tremors and weakness. Imbalance has been progressive and he now cannot ambulate independently. He is in good general health except for heavy alcohol use. For the last 10 years, he has consumed a quart of vodka and 5 beers daily. On awakening, he feels "shaky" and calms himself with a morning drink. He has not had blackouts or delirium tremens but has had two seizures in the past. He smokes 1-2 packs/day but does not use drugs. Diagnostic imaging studies were done. (1st admission, 8-9-00). He was found unconscious in his home in a pool of bloody vomitus by his relatives. He had apparently been on the floor for several days. He was confused and disoriented. He had a left-sided hemiparesis, left lower facial weakness and a left Babinski sign. Admitting labs showed Hb 4-7, hematocrit 13. Liver enzymes and creatine phosphokinase were elevated. CT scan and MRI showed an acute ischemic infarct (2nd admission, 6-10-01).

The following tests of the neuro exam can be divided according to which system of the cerebellum is being examined: Vestibulocerebellum and spinocerebellum (midline): - Station - Walking - Tandem gait Cerebrocerebellum (appendicular): - Rapid alternating movements - Finger-to-nose - Toe-to-finger - Heel-to-shin - Rebound and check reflex – Speech. The first principle of neurologic diagnosis is regional or anatomical localization. In order to become skillful the student must understand how structure relates to function of the nervous system. The neurologic examination permits "dissection" of the nervous system and localizes the disease when present. Instead of simply memorizing the components of the exam, a logical and systematic approach to problem solving evolves from repeatedly asking, "Where is the lesion?"

Examiner pulls on actively flexed arm then suddenly releases. The patient should be able to check or stop the arm's movement when released. The first principle of neurologic diagnosis is regional or anatomical localization. In order to become skillful the student must understand how structure relates to function of the nervous system. The neurologic examination permits "dissection" of the nervous system and localizes the disease when present. Instead of simply memorizing the components of the exam, a logical and systematic approach to problem solving evolves from repeatedly asking, "Where is the lesion?"

The patient moves her pointer finger from her nose to the examiner's finger as the examiner moves his finger to new positions and tests accuracy at the furthest outreach of the arm. The first principle of neurologic diagnosis is regional or anatomical localization. In order to become skillful the student must understand how structure relates to function of the nervous system. The neurologic examination permits "dissection" of the nervous system and localizes the disease when present. Instead of simply memorizing the components of the exam, a logical and systematic approach to problem solving evolves from repeatedly asking, "Where is the lesion?"

Notice the atrophy and fasciculation of the right side of this patient's tongue. The tongue deviates to the right as well because of weakness of the right intrinsic tongue muscles. These findings are present because of a lesion of the right 12th cranial nerve. The first principle of neurologic diagnosis is regional or anatomical localization. In order to become skillful the student must understand how structure relates to function of the nervous system. The neurologic examination permits "dissection" of the nervous system and localizes the disease when present. Instead of simply memorizing the components of the exam, a logical and systematic approach to problem solving evolves from repeatedly asking, "Where is the lesion?"

The gag reflex tests both the sensory and motor components of CN 9 & 10. This involuntary reflex is obtained by touching the back of the pharynx with the tongue depressor and watching the elevation of the palate. The first principle of neurologic diagnosis is regional or anatomical localization. In order to become skillful the student must understand how structure relates to function of the nervous system. The neurologic examination permits "dissection" of the nervous system and localizes the disease when present. Instead of simply memorizing the components of the exam, a logical and systematic approach to problem solving evolves from repeatedly asking, "Where is the lesion?"

Vergence eye movements occur when the eyes move simultaneously inward (convergence) or outward (divergence) in order to maintain the image on the fovea that is close up or far away. Most often convergence is tested as part of the near triad. When a patient is asked to follow an object that is brought from a distance to the tip of their nose the eyes should converge, the pupil will constrict and the lens will round up (accommodation). The first principle of neurologic diagnosis is regional or anatomical localization. In order to become skillful the student must understand how structure relates to function of the nervous system. The neurologic examination permits "dissection" of the nervous system and localizes the disease when present. Instead of simply memorizing the components of the exam, a logical and systematic approach to problem solving evolves from repeatedly asking, "Where is the lesion?"

This module is part of a term research project for the class Linguistics 411: Neurolinguistics at Rice University. The project focuses on current research concerning the neuronal structures and processes involved with the perception of music.

" This team-taught multidisciplinary course provides information relevant to the conduct and interpretation of human brain mapping studies. It begins with in-depth coverage of the physics of image formation, mechanisms of image contrast, and the physiological basis for image signals. Parenchymal and cerebrovascular neuroanatomy and application of sophisticated structural analysis algorithms for segmentation and registration of functional data are discussed. Additional topics include: fMRI experimental design including block design, event related and exploratory data analysis methods, and building and applying statistical models for fMRI data; and human subject issues including informed consent, institutional review board requirements and safety in the high field environment. Additional Faculty Div Bolar Dr. Bradford Dickerson Dr. John Gabrieli Dr. Doug Greve Dr. Karl Helmer Dr. Dara Manoach Dr. Jason Mitchell Dr. Christopher Moore Dr. Vitaly Napadow Dr. Jon Polimeni Dr. Sonia Pujol Dr. Bruce Rosen Dr. Mert Sabuncu Dr. David Salat Dr. Robert Savoy Dr. David Somers Dr. A. Gregory Sorensen Dr. Christina Triantafyllou Dr. Wim Vanduffel Dr. Mark Vangel Dr. Lawrence Wald Dr. Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli Dr. Anastasia Yendiki "

With muscular diseases, the proximal pelvic girdle muscles are usually the most weak. Because of this the patient will not be able to stabilize the pelvis as they lift their leg to step forward, so the pelvis will tilt toward the non-weight bearing leg which results in a waddle type of gait. The first principle of neurologic diagnosis is regional or anatomical localization. In order to become skillful the student must understand how structure relates to function of the nervous system. The neurologic examination permits "dissection" of the nervous system and localizes the disease when present. Instead of simply memorizing the components of the exam, a logical and systematic approach to problem solving evolves from repeatedly asking, "Where is the lesion?"

Have the patient walk heel-to-toe. The patient should be able to balance without falling or stepping to the side. The first principle of neurologic diagnosis is regional or anatomical localization. In order to become skillful the student must understand how structure relates to function of the nervous system. The neurologic examination permits "dissection" of the nervous system and localizes the disease when present. Instead of simply memorizing the components of the exam, a logical and systematic approach to problem solving evolves from repeatedly asking, "Where is the lesion?"

This patient education program discusses diagnostic and treatment options for a damaged knee, including the benefits and risks of knee arthroscopy. It also reviews the anatomy of the knee. This is a MedlinePlus Interactive Health Tutorial from the National Library of Medicine, designed and developed by the Patient Education Institute.

This patient education program explains Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), the role of this imaging in diagnosis, the procedure itself, and associated benefits and risks. This is a MedlinePlus Interactive Health Tutorial from the National Library of Medicine, designed and developed by the Patient Education Institute.

The occipital lobes are important for perception of visual information. Areas in the inferior temporal visual association cortex are important for recognition of color and shape as well as the recognition of faces. Projections from the occipital lobe to the superior temporal-parietal area are important for perceiving motion of objects. Tests that are used to examine the occipital lobes and its connections include visual fields (see Cranial Nerve 2), naming of objects, naming of colors and recognition of faces. The first principle of neurologic diagnosis is regional or anatomical localization. In order to become skillful the student must understand how structure relates to function of the nervous system. The neurologic examination permits "dissection" of the nervous system and localizes the disease when present. Instead of simply memorizing the components of the exam, a logical and systematic approach to problem solving evolves from repeatedly asking, "Where is the lesion?"

There is hypertrophy of this patient's left leg. Closer inspection of that extremity shows hyperpigmented skin lesions suggesting segmental neurofibromatosis. A thorough skin search can provide important clues to diagnosis especially in the neurocutaneous syndromes. The first principle of neurologic diagnosis is regional or anatomical localization. In order to become skillful the student must understand how structure relates to function of the nervous system. The neurologic examination permits "dissection" of the nervous system and localizes the disease when present. Instead of simply memorizing the components of the exam, a logical and systematic approach to problem solving evolves from repeatedly asking, "Where is the lesion?"

This patient has proximal pelvic girdle weakness which is demonstrated by his using his hands to climb the wall and then pushing on his thighs to get his trunk upright. When a patient uses his hands to climb up his legs to get to a standing position this is called a Gowers' sign. The first principle of neurologic diagnosis is regional or anatomical localization. In order to become skillful the student must understand how structure relates to function of the nervous system. The neurologic examination permits "dissection" of the nervous system and localizes the disease when present. Instead of simply memorizing the components of the exam, a logical and systematic approach to problem solving evolves from repeatedly asking, "Where is the lesion?"

There is increased tone in the right upper extremity that is rate dependent with the clasp-knife phenomena noted when the arm is flexed. This is spasticity from an upper motor neuron lesion. The first principle of neurologic diagnosis is regional or anatomical localization. In order to become skillful the student must understand how structure relates to function of the nervous system. The neurologic examination permits "dissection" of the nervous system and localizes the disease when present. Instead of simply memorizing the components of the exam, a logical and systematic approach to problem solving evolves from repeatedly asking, "Where is the lesion?"