The Monarch butterfly is an insect and has six legs and two sets of wings. The butterfly drinks using a straw-like mouth structure.

The female adult darkling beetle lays hundreds of eggs that eventually hatch into tiny mealworms (larval stage). Darkling beetles do not have live births.

The adult zebra fish is the final stage in the zebra fish life cycle. At this point, the adult can lay eggs and a male zebra fish will fertilize them.

Unlike animals, plants are unable to move and find other plants to mate with. Thus, plants rely on insects and other animals to transfer pollen (male sperm) from one flower to the female sex organ (carpels) on another flower. This is called pollination.

This is what the full-grown Brassica plant looks like. It has many yellow flowers to attract insects.

Brassica plants produce seeds to reproduce. They need to be cross-pollinated in order to make seeds.

Brassica seeds sprout into seedlings, then into adult plants. The seeds take up water, sunlight, and nutrients from soil in order to sprout.

All plants, including the Brassica plant, need water, sunlight, nutrients from soil, and carbon dioxide to grow and live.

Radishes have roots. These roots help the radishes absorb nutrients and water from the soil. The radish and root are buried underneath the soil. The green leaves are above soil to gather sunlight for the plant.

The anatomy of a butterfly changes as it grows from a caterpillar to a butterfly.

Carrots are like radishes because the carrot and roots are under the soil while the green leaves gather sunlight above the soil. If you experiment with sections of the carrot or radish, you will see that cutting just the leaves and replanting them will cause the leaves to wilt and die in a few days. Sections of the carrot or radish will thrive in soil.

The caterpillar is the larval stage of the life cycle of the Monarch butterfly. The larva is tiny after hatching but eats and grows a lot before attaching itself to a twig. At this point, the caterpillar forms a hard outer shell.

The pupal stage of the life cycle of the darkling beetle is the stage between larval and adult. The darkling beetle does not eat, but develops within a cocoon.

Choice of material has implications throughout the life-cycle of a product, influencing many aspects of economic and environmental performance. This course will provide a survey of methods for evaluating those implications. Lectures will cover topics in material choice concepts, fundamentals of engineering economics, manufacturing economics modeling methods, and life-cycle environmental evaluation.

In an experiment, only one variable (the independent variable) should be changed in an experiment. The dependent variable is dependent upon the independent variable and it is what is measured during the experiment. For example, we can measure the appearance of celery stalks (the dependent variable) when we place them in solutions of varying salt concentration (the independent variable).

Bulbs can be thought of as larger seeds to a certain degree. They need sunlight, water, and nutrients from the soil just like seeds in order to grow.

Some bulbs can be eaten by humans and animals. Garlic is one of these types of bulbs.

Unlike plants, animals are able to move around and find mates to reproduce with. The male grasshopper deposits his sperm (like pollen on a carpel) inside the female which fertilizes her eggs. The female then lays her eggs containing a growing embryo and waits for them to hatch.

The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is a versatile laboratory organism. This experiment investigates the response of pea aphids to an alarm pheromone normally produced in response to predator attack. The responses of aphids feeding on good quality and on poor quality long bean plants will be compared and discussed in terms of the costs and benefits of antipredator behaviors. The life cycle of the pea aphid is demonstrated and information about obtaining, rearing, and working with pea aphids is provided.