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Circadian dynamics of the teleost skin immune system–microbiome interface
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The immune systems of fish and other animals follow circadian rhythms related to light/dark cycles. In aquaculture, the light period is commonly lengthened to enhance growth and control reproduction, but the effects on fish immunity are unclear and parasite infestations and infectious diseases remain major challenges to the industry, so a better understanding of fish immunity is needed. Microbial communities living on fish's skin - their microbiome - can help defend against parasites and pathogens, but it is currently unknown if they too have daily rhythms. To learn more, researchers recently characterized the circadian dynamics of clock genes, immune genes, and microbes in the skin of rainbow trout. They found that skin immune gene expression and the skin microbiome exhibited daily rhythms. These rhythms were affected by both a change in photoperiod and infestation with lice (Argulus foliaceus), and fish under constant light were less able to defend themselves against lice infestation..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
03/01/2022
Essentials of Oceanography
Conditional Remix & Share Permitted
CC BY-NC-SA
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The year is 2050 and your once-idyllic beachfront vacation home is now flooded up to the second story. The crab your family has enjoyed every Christmas for as long as you can remember has now become an endangered species. The oceans have changed. In Earth 540, Oceanography for Educators, we explore the mechanisms that lead to sea level rise and ocean acidification. We strive to understand how natural processes such as ocean currents, the gulf-stream, tides, plate tectonics, and the Coriolis Effect, affect our oceans and ocean basins. We then predict how man-made issues such as climate change and overfishing will affect our beloved waters and our livelihoods. Want to see into the future? Then this course is for you!

Subject:
Applied Science
Astronomy
Atmospheric Science
Biology
Ecology
Environmental Science
Life Science
Oceanography
Physical Science
Material Type:
Full Course
Provider:
Penn State College of Earth and Mineral Sciences
Author:
Chris Marone
Mike Arthur
Date Added:
10/07/2019
Genetics shape microbial makeup in gilthead sea bream
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The gilthead sea bream is one of the most important fish farmed in the Mediterranean. Selecting for economically valuable genetic traits has helped improve bream farming efficiency. But little is known about the role played by intestinal microbes in selective breeding practices. To find out, researchers examined how genetic selection for different growth rates and diet affect intestinal bacteria in the gilthead sea bream. Bream were divided into three groups according to genetically selected growth rate: slow, intermediate, and fast, and were fed a plant-based diet, a sustainable alternative for the normally carnivorous gilthead sea bream. The plant-based diet significantly changed the microbial makeup of the slow- and intermediate-growth groups, with a much weaker effect observed for the fast-growth group. And when exposed to an intestinal parasite common to the gilthead sea bream, the fast-growth group showed significantly lower parasite intensity and abundance than the slow-growth group..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
02/25/2021
Gut microbes linked to metabolism in juvenile Atlantic salmon
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"One underexplored factor that affects the food industry is the gut microbiome of animals raised for consumption. Gut microbes play big roles in how animals break down food and absorb nutrients and thus how animals grow and develop. A new study explored the links between gut microbial communities, fish feed conversion, and fish genetics in the domestic Atlantic salmon. While researchers observed weak associations between host genetics and microbial composition, they did identify bacteria linked to carbon metabolism in fat tissue and feed efficiency, as well as weight gain. The findings highlight some of the roles played by gut microbes in the metabolism of Atlantic salmon, which could affect how the fish are raised for consumption..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
02/25/2021
Hatfield Marine Science Center
Read the Fine Print
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Located in Newport, Oregon, Hatfield Marine Science Center plays an integral role in programs of marine and estuarine research and instruction, as a laboratory facility serving resident scientists, as a base for far-ranging oceanographic studies, and as a classroom for students. Site features information on courses, seminars, facilities, and current research. Education Programs section includes teacher and student resources. Resources applicable to local and distant educators.

Subject:
Oceanography
Physical Science
Material Type:
Lesson
Provider:
UCAR Staff
Provider Set:
Bridge: Sea Grant Ocean Sciences Resources Center
Date Added:
10/30/2014
Microbial exposure drives intergenerational disease protection in Pacific oysters
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The concept of trained immunity suggests that exposure to nonpathogenic microbes or their metabolites can enhance an organism’s immune response later in life. But while trained immunity has been addressed by many studies focusing on vertebrate animals, little is known about its role in invertebrates. A recent study showed that microorganism exposure early in development increased the survival of the Pacific oyster when challenged with infectious disease. Researchers cultured Pacific oysters in filtered and UV-treated seawater that had either been enriched with naturally occurring microbes or unmanipulated as a control. These oysters and their offspring were then exposed to the virus that causes Pacific oyster mortality syndrome, a disease that devastates oyster farms worldwide. The team found increased survival not only among the oysters directly exposed to the microbe-enriched seawater but also among their progeny..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
03/01/2023
SalmoSim: An in vitro simulator of the Atlantic salmon GI tract and microbiome
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Aquaculture is a critical industry for human food production, and strategies to improve fish nutrition while protecting the environment can help maximize aquaculture output and sustainability. However, the roles of the gut microbiome in fish nutrition are not well understood. To support further research, scientists recently developed SalmoSim, an in vitro model of the Atlantic salmon gut and microbiome. The researchers linked three bioreactors seeded with gut material from adult farmed salmon to simulate the stomach (S), pyloric caecum (PC), and midgut (MG). When a fishmeal “diet” (FMD) was supplied, SalmoSim’s microbial community stabilized in approximately 20 days and was ecologically indistinguishable from the real fish microbiome used to inoculate the system. Switching from the FMD to a fishmeal-free diet (FMF) for 20 days did not affect most microbes (operational taxonomic units, OTUs) in either SalmoSim or real salmon..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
10/13/2021
Using the gut microbiome to differentiate between wild and farmed large yellow croaker
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Some commercial fish species have both wild and farmed populations. Distinguishing between them is important for identifying escaped fish, managing food safety risk, and setting appropriate market prices. However, for many species, suitable genetic markers haven’t yet been discovered. To provide an alternative, researchers recently tried to use gut microbiome data to differentiate between wild and farmed large yellow croaker. Compared with those of wild croaker, the rectums of farmed croaker had lower microbial diversity (Shannon index values) and bacterial loads, and different microbiome compositions that were distinguishable despite high inter-batch variability. For example, the wild fish microbiome was dominated by _Psychrobacter_ spp., while the farmed fish microbiome was not. The predicted functions of the gut microbes also differed between wild and farmed croaker, presumably because the populations have divergent diets and thus divergent gut environments..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
05/17/2022
The role of the microbiome in vibriosis resistance in the Chinese tongue sole flatfish
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CC BY
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This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is a popular and economically important farmed flatfish. But this species is susceptible to outbreaks of vibriosis, a bacterial infection that can cause significant losses. The intestinal microbiome in many animals can impact disease resistance, but little is known about its role in fish diseases. So, researchers used families of C. semilaevis selectively bred to be either vibriosis-resistant or susceptible. The gene expression of the fish, as well as the microbial community structure and functional capabilities, were different between the two families. There was also evidence that the intestinal microbiome was influencing the expression of immune-related genes in the fish. Specifically, the vibriosis-resistant fish had gene expression changes that would reduce inflammation and balance the immune response..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

Subject:
Biology
Life Science
Material Type:
Diagram/Illustration
Reading
Provider:
Research Square
Provider Set:
Video Bytes
Date Added:
04/14/2023