This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease defined by destroyed pancreatic β-cells. which results in impaired insulin secretion and hyperglycemia, but one complication of T1D gets less attention than the others: cognitive dysfunction. Previous studies reported that modification of gut microbiota can reduce the incidence of T1D. So, researchers from Wenzhou Medical University hypothesized that modified gut microbiota may also affect cognitive function in T1D. Using an induced mouse model of T1D, researchers modified the microbiota with an antibiotic and measured the impact of these microbial changes on cognitive performance. Antibiotic-treated mice (TD1V) had a disrupted microbiome and altered host metabolic phenotypes. Antibiotic-treated mice (blue) also showed greater cognitive impairment than induced T1D alone (red). The antibiotic treatment depleted acetate-producing bacteria, which lead to long-term acetate deficiency..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"In the US and east Asia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects at least a quarter of the population. This disease is the manifestation of metabolic syndrome in the liver and can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The gut microbiome is likely a contributing factor in NAFLD development and progression. Recently, researchers sought to identify the mechanisms that link the two together. They used a high-fat/fructose/cholesterol diet (HFC) to induce NALFD-like symptoms in mice and found that adding the prebiotic inulin to their diet ameliorated these symptoms. Inulin-fed mice had global changes to their microbiome, particularly elevated levels of the bacterial groups Bacteroides and Blautia. Inulin supplementation also increased their gut concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, like acetate. Further experiments found that species from Bacteroides and Blautia had a synergistic effect on acetate production..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"The severity of allergic airway diseases, such as asthma, is affected by the interaction between genetics and the gut microbiome. Probiotic supplements are widely used and can alter the gut microbiome, but whether they can help prevent or alleviate allergic airway inflammation is unclear. The current study investigated the effects of gut microbiome modulation in two strains of mice: C57BL/6 mice and mice with increased susceptibility to airway inflammation (A/J mice). The susceptible A/J mice had less diverse gut microbiomes than the C57BL/6 mice and treatment with an acetate-producing probiotic altered the levels of certain bacteria differently in the different mouse strains. After airway inflammation was chemically induced, probiotic administration helped alleviate inflammation only in the susceptible A/J strain, partly by increasing acetate levels..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Acute pancreatitis, which affects more than 34 out of every 100,000 people, is usually mild. However, some cases worsen rapidly, leading to hospitalization and even death. Acute pancreatitis is promoted by the enzyme heparanase and appears to be regulated by the gut microbiota, but the mechanisms and potential interplay of these factors are unknown. A recent study investigated these issues in mice with caerulein (Cn)-induced acute pancreatitis. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, heparanase-overexpressing (Hpa-Tg) mice exhibited worse disease with neutrophil infiltration and had a different gut microbiota composition, but microbiota depletion and microbiota transfer between the groups attenuated heparanase’s aggravating effect, indicating that the effect was gut microbiome-dependent..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Type 1 diabetes (T1D), a lifelong autoimmune disease, is on the rise in adults and children. The disease is commonly associated with altered gut microbiota and reduced production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs have many beneficial properties on the gut and immune system and are able to prevent diabetes in mice. A recent study explored a novel anti-T1D approach, a specially designed dietary supplement that could restructure the gut microbiota, boost the production of SCFAs, and change the human immune system across time. The study shows that after six weeks of supplementation, the patients’ stool and plasma concentrations of the SCFAs acetate, propionate, and butyrate were significantly increased. Circulating B and T cells and antigen-presenting cells developed a more regulatory phenotype during and post-intervention..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Dark fermentation is one of the most attractive experimental methods for generating clean biofuel. In dark fermentation, bacteria convert carbohydrates into hydrogen gas and other energy-rich small molecules. The problem is that this process tends to produce relatively small amounts of biohydrogen. To find ways to boost efficiency, researchers recently examined the cast of microbial characters that participate in dark fermentation. The team discovered two distinct patterns of fermentation. At low pH (4.0 and lower), lactate and ethanol were the main fermentation products, with most of the work carried out by bacteria belonging to the groups Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Leuconostoc, and Fructobacillus. At slightly higher pH (5.0 – 6.0), butyrate was the dominant product, generated largely by bacteria from the groups Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.

This resource is a video abstract of a research paper created by Research Square on behalf of its authors. It provides a synopsis that's easy to understand, and can be used to introduce the topics it covers to students, researchers, and the general public. The video's transcript is also provided in full, with a portion provided below for preview:

"Methane production by microbes holds great promise for converting industrial waste to fuel. In the wild, this process involves the well-orchestrated transfer of hydrogen between organisms that break down carbon-rich matter and those that form methane. But that harmony presents a thermodynamic puzzle, as reactions that generate high concentrations of hydrogen can and do inhibit reactions that occur only at low hydrogen concentrations. To understand how these competing processes co-exist, researchers analyzed 17 methane-producing bioreactors using metagenomics. Altogether, they assembled genomes spanning 66 phyla of microorganisms, which were divided according to the compounds they most commonly broke down, such as sugars or amino acids. The team used those findings to understand how high- and low-hydrogen reactions occur side by side and produced a model describing how organisms may employ unique strategies to drive thermodynamically competitive metabolisms..."

The rest of the transcript, along with a link to the research itself, is available on the resource itself.