The Malpighian tubules of insects are an excellent model for examining the properties of secretion in a transporting epithelium. In this exercise students expose tubules from cockroaches or crickets to chlorophenol red and visually estimate the dye concentration in the lumen. By adding metabolic inhibitors and competitors or by substituting ion-free media they can demonstrate competition, specificity, and energy- or ion-dependence of active transport. Advanced students can design their own experiments after a review of the literature. This simple and inexpensive exercise provides students with a challenging and rewarding introduction to experimental design in the laboratory.

This exercise is a field study of the ecology of aquatic insects in a small stream. By using the inquiry technique, students discover how different animals have unique adaptations for being successful in particular habitats, especially at small spatial scales. Students also learn how these specializations establish essential ecological roles for the aquatic insects in stream ecosystems. Thus, students gain an appreciation of how biodiversity is not just a list of species in a particular environment; it also includes what they do in that environment.

Evolution has resulted in changes in the sizes and forms of organisms. Everything about the biology of an animal, including its physiology, anatomy, and ecology, is influenced by its body size. Frequently there seem to be limits on the sizes that different organisms can attain, even when larger size might be thought to be evolutionarily advantageous. Often an increase or decrease in size is correlated with a change in proportions. Understanding the significance of a particular morphology or interpreting the factors that underlie a particular evolutionary trend involve studying the relationships that exist among size, shape, and function. This lab introduces allometry, the study of size and its consequences, using celery and woodlice as subjects.

This is a laboratory exercise appropriate for sophomore level students. No prior math is required, and lab exercise can be adapted if computer facilities are available.

There are many reasons to seek alternatives to the use of vertebrates, including cost and concerns with use of vertebrates in undergraduate laboratories. This major workshop explores examples of alternatives, including: a) an exploration of thermoregulation without using animals at all, b) an investigation of actomyosin function and membrane excitation using giant alga, and c) using insects to investigate taste receptors and digestion. This workshop explores the importance of providing good background information to vertebrate processes and connecting the alternative experimental system to homologous physiological processes in vertebrates. Students can appreciate the commonality in biological processes and the importance of underlying physiological principles.

By manipulating a simple kinematic model representing the leg and foot, students can get hands on information about the interaction of bones and muscles in humans. Having worked with the model, they then are able to predict and analyze the properties of bone/muscle systems in other vertebrates and understand how these systems have become modified during the course of evolution for a particular life style. By the end of the exercise, students have learned both traditional information (cellular structure, names of bones, taxonomy of vertebrates) and how to project the knowledge they gained from working with a model to the biological world.

This exercise is designed to familiarize the student with ethology, the study of animal behavior, by observing the behavior of several different arthropods.

Unlike most population genetics labs, which involve simulations with beans or beads, this lab provides an opportunity to study a population of living organisms. Using Bar and wild-type Drosophila, students compare allele and genotype frequencies to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Because the Bar mutation in Drosophila is sex-linked and incompletely dominant, students can determine the exact genotype of a fly from its phenotype. These data are evaluated to determine which (if any) of the five Hardy-Weinberg assumptions have been violated. This real-data approach allows students to appreciate the value of this null model and helps the instructor to discover and correct students' misunderstandings of the model.

The three parts of the learning-cycle strategy student exploration, concept formation, and concept application are the framework on which student understanding of 1 the interrelation of structure and function and 2 the coexistence of unity and the diversity among organisms are designed.

A laboratory exercise for increasing knowledge of trophic cascades in aquatic ecosystems has led to a better understanding of several basic ecological tenets, including competition, predation, and a variety of other community-level food web interactions using microcosms from whole water plankton collections.

This resource includes a detailed description and instructional information for carrying out an undergraduate laboratory exercise in ecology, behavioral biology, and evolution. It includes student outlines, instructors notes, and suggested questions for laboratory reports.

This resource provides detailed technical protocols, background information for students, and instructors notes for running laboratory exercises on bacterial transformation and conjugation.

This laboratory investigates one form of genetic recombination in bacteria. This process, called conjugation, occurs when one bacteria transfers DNA to another bacteria. Two different strains of Escherichia coli are used: an Hfr strain with the F factor integrated into the bacterial chromosome acting as the donor, and an F-strain lacking the fertility factor acting as a recipient. The F-strain is auxotrophic for certain genetic markers and the ordered transfer of markers from the Hfr strain to the F-strain is used to map gene locations on the bacterial chromosome.

The bacterium Vibrio fischeri produces light when it is growing symbiotically in the light organ of certain fish and squid species. The bacteria sense they are in a light organ because they are present at a high bacterial cell density, which they detect through "quorum sensing." We use several bacterial strains, each of which carry only part of the genes responsible for the quorum sensing and bioluminescence process. We use chemical and genetic complementation to determine which genes are lacking in each strain by measuring their ability to produce and/or detect a quorum-sensing signal.

This experiment is performed in a first year Introductory Biology course and has been used in a Genetics and Biochemistry course.

Used in conjunction with lecture material to illustrate genetic mapping.

This laboratory exercise can be used to examine the anatomical, physiological, behavioral, and ecological components involved in reproduction in animals using a simple animal model.

This resource contains detailed protocols and instructional information used to conduct an undergraduate laboratory exercise in introductory botany and plant structure. It includes student outlines and instructors notes.

This resource uses a student-designed laboratory exercise as a model to demonstrate the techniques and concepts surrounding the scientific method.